REVIEWER: ART APP (FINALS) Types of Line

ELEMENTS OF ARTS 1. Outline Line

- line produced by the edge of an
object or its silhouette.
LINE
2. Contour Line
 Used to express ideas and
feelings in their paintings. - the line that describe the shape of an
 It is necessary to look for various object and the details of the interior.
lines in a painting and note their
3. Gesture Line
location and the message they
convey. - the line that captures the movement
 Line is the foundation of all and gestures of an active figure or
drawings. shape.
4. Calligraphic Line

The Psychological Meaning of Lines: - Calligraphy comes from two Greek

words "kallos" which means beauty
and "graphein" which means to write.
1. Curved Lines
- Usually seen and used in wedding
- comfort, ease, movement, and grace. and event invitations,
announcements, some legal
2. Horizontal Lines
documents.
- distance, calmness, width, rest,
5. Implied Line
repose, quietness, serenity, infinity,
contemplation, and inaction. - Used by many to suggest edge in a
drawing where the viewer connects the
3. Vertical Lines
other elements he/she would see that
- height or stature, poise, balance, the line exists even if it does not.
strength, dignity, and dynamism.
- This line may appear, stop, or fade in
4. Broken or Jagged Lines a drawing depending on the illusion
presented by the artist.
- turmoil, anxiety. chaos, confusion,
tension, disturbance, violence, and war.
5. Diagonal Lines Lines in Digital Artwork

- movement, action, and direction.

- referred to as "strokes" which could
suggest and create form and movement
that can control the viewer's eye.
COLOR
5. Analogous Colors
 Colors enhance the beauty of
everything we see. We could not - They are neighboring colors in the
imagine a world without them. color wheel, with one common color in
 Hue is another term for color. all mixtures. (e.g. Red and Orange)
6. Complementary Colors
Types of Colors
- These are colors situated opposite
1. Primary Colors each other in the color wheel. (e.g.
Red and Green)
- These are colors that cannot be
produced by the mixture of some 7. Neutrals
other colors.
- These colors black, white, and gray
- The three primary colors are red, are examples of neutral colors
yellow, and blue.
- For they do not share the same
2. Secondary Colors characteristics of any color in the
spectrum. These colors also serve as
- Produced by combining two primary
balance in the color spectrum.
colors.
- Orange from yellow and red, the
green from yellow and blue, and the The Meanings Of Each Colors:
violet from blue and red.
3. Intermediate Colors
1. Red
- known as "tertiary colors"
- power, energy, war, danger, strength,
- these colors are produced by determination, as well as passion,
combining the secondary colors. desire, and love.
- red-orange. yellow-orange, yellow- 2. Orange
green, blue-green, blue-violet, and red-
- enthusiasm, happiness, creativity,
violet.
encouragement, stimulation, and
4. Adjacent Colors attention.
- They are colors situated next to each 3. Yellow
other in the color wheel.
- joy, happiness and energy, warmth Three (3) Dimensions or Attributes of
and cheerfulness. Colors
1. Hue - attribute by which one color is
distinguished from another.
2. Value - is the property of colors,
4. Green
which makes them seem light or dark
- growth, harmony, freshness, fertility, (lightness or darkness).
stability, and safety.
a. Tint are values above the normal.
5. Blue
b. Shade are values below the
- depth, stability, trust, loyalty, wisdom, normal.
confidence, intellect, piety, and sincerity.
(ex. Pink is a tint of red. Maroon is a
6. Purple shade of red)

- power, nobility, luxury, ambition, (ex. Sky-blue is a tint. Navy blue is a

extravagance, wealth, wisdom, dignity, shade)
creativity, mystery, magic, and
3. Intensity
independence.
a. It refers to the brightness or
7. White
darkness of color.
- innocence, purity, virginity, perfection,
b. It is the strength of the color's hue.
safety. cleanliness, simplicity, and
positivity.
8. Black Value (Tone)
- power, elegance, formality, death, evil,  Tone may be used to create the
mystery, fear, strength and authority, illusion of form, break up the
grief, and prestige. picture surface into.
9. Brown
Texture
- neutrality, stability, humility, safety,
reliability, honesty, and sincerity.  sense of touch or the tactile
sensations and the sense of
10. Gray
sight that gives the viewer a
- depression, frustration, maturity. visual perspective of a figure.
practicability. conservativeness, and  give descriptions, such as
gloominess. smooth, rough, hard, cold,
warm, coarse, glossy, dull,
regular, or irregular.
  Rough surfaces usually result in b. Geometric shape examples are
a light-and-dark pattern while circle. square, rectangle, triangle, etc.
shiny and glossy surfaces result
c. Non-objective shape are non-
in a smoother appearance.
recognized shapes or figures

4 Types of Textures
a. Actual Texture - art seems to feel as
Distance
they appear. Real-feel look of the
objects or figures. It usually creates a  Shapes in Art may be either two-
three-dimensional look in an object. dimensional (eg. paintings,
tarpaulins, books, posters, etc.)
b. Simulated Texture - art seems to
or if manipulated (eg. buildings,
fool the viewer into believing in an object
architecture, sculpture, etc.)
that is not in reality.
 Two-dimensional shapes signify
c. Abstract Texture - art seems to width and height but no
focus on the real texture and thickness.
emphasizes it through modification of  Three-dimensional shapes, on
the texture. Its pattern could be the other hand, give an illusion
random. uniform, or a combination of of depth and volume.
both in varying degrees of shapes,
colors, lines, and patterns.
Space
d. Invented Texture - art seems to
focus on the artist's creativity and  Space is the trickiest element.
imagination. The main purpose of this  This is the area within, above, or
texture is to spice up the design below the object.
activating the figure with markings that
To create the illusion of space, the
add a sense of activity and grace to the
following must be considered:
figure.
1. Size - Smaller objects appear
farther away while larger objects
Shapes appear nearer or closer.
 use different shapes to convey 2. Overlap -When an object partially
ideas or even an emotion. overlaps or partially covers the other, it
will make the one in front closer.
There are Three Types of Shapes: 3. Placement -Depth is created when
an object is in relationship to the
a. Natural shape examples are leaves,
animals, tree, etc.
horizon. Things will be farther away - it is the oldest form of the arts, which
when they are nearer to the horizon. mirrors man's age-old need to
communicate his joy or grief by using
4.Atmospheric Perspective - Objects
the immediate instrument at his
begin to lose their color, brightness, and
disposal, his body.
detail when they recede into the
distance.
5. Shading -The objects mimic the way
real objects would appear when they are
Arnold L. Haskell
added light and shadow.
- idea of dancing is expressing one's
6. Linear Perspective - With the use of
emotion through movement
lines, it is best described as vanishing
disciplined by rhythm.
points to achieve a realistic illusion of
space.

Music
Form - Greek word mousike, which means
muse.
 Overall composition of the
artwork It is used to refer to the arts or sciences
 Geometric Forms are forms that governed by Muses.
are precise, mathematical, and
identifiable (e.g., cube, pyramid,
cone, etc.) The term music can have varied forms:
 Organic Forms are those that
Style/Genre and Language.
are free-flowing, asymmetrical.
and not easily measured or - form of communicative activity that
named leg. leaves, clouds, trees, conveys the listeners mood, emotions,
flowers, etc.) thoughts, impression, or philosophical,
sexual or political concepts or positions.
PERFORMING PERFORMANCE ART
ARTS COMBINED
ORIGIN AND HISTORY OF MUSIC
Dance
According to the
- a bodily expression in a rhythmic Historiographers, there are Six Periods
movement of an intensified feeling of of Music and each of these periods
life, it is an expressive body movement holds a distinct style and quality.
usually coordinated into a pattern and
adapted to musical accompaniment.
1. Medieval/Middle Age
 - music was characterized by the - Melodies were fuller and more
beginning of musical notations dramatic.
as well as polyphony. 6. 20th Century
-Two general types of music - Brought about many
emerged the monophomic and innovations on how music was
the polyphonic. performed and appreciated.
- Used technology to enhance
their masterpiece
2. Renaissance Age
IMPORTANCE OF MUSIC
-term Renaissance means
"rebirth", and this period brought  It is a basic human function.
about many changes in which  The significance of music is
music was created and mankind is immensely influential
perceived. whether for enjoyment in
listening, the emotional response,
3. Baroque performing or creating.
- It comes from the Italian word
"barocco", which means
KINDS OF DANCING
"bizarre", it is a period when
composers experimented with  Natural or Untutored Dance
form, styles and instruments. The untrained dance may derive
- Development in opera was also some personal pleasure for not
seen in this period. having to obey any rules, but it
will be restricted by the lack of
4. Classical Period technique, a vocabulary of
- This spanned from 1750 to movement.
1820, and it was characterized by
simpler melodies and forms
such as the sonatas. 1. SOLO OR GROUP DANCE
- Piano was the instrument used
 Doing a solo dance also means
by the composers during this
demonstrating a specific
period.
technique style. Group dances,
like folk dance and ballroom
5. Romantic Period
dancing, are dances performed
- During this time various
with a group.
instrument were used including
wind instruments.
- Music during this period was 2. ETHNOLOGIC DANCE
used to tell a story to express
 Members of primitive tribal
an idea.
societies make use of the dance
 as a form of magic or a method D. Bilaan
of their struggle for existence
 a courtship dance imitating
against the elements of nature.
birds during mating season.
 Through their dance, drive way
evil spirits and natural E. Itik Itik
calamities (Maguigad, 2005)
 a Philippine native dance
interpreting the playfulness of
ducklings wading in the river.
3. FOLK DANCE
F. Jota Cavitena
 A form of social dancing that has
 a dance that shows strong
become part of the customs and
Spanish influence.
traditions of the people.
 The costumes in this particular
 By means of folk dances, we can
dance are intricately designed
learn a great deal about the
and embroidered into "Maria
culture of a people, their
Clara" and "Barong Tagalog",
beliefs, interests, desires, and
and the clacking of sounds make
habits.
in distinct from the other folk
The illustrations of some of the Filipino dances.
folk dances follows:
G. Pandango sa Sambalilo
A. Tinikling
 a flirtatious dance from
 skipping between the bamboo Bulacan.
poles, and imitating the lively  This dance shows off the native
movements of the tinikling hats of the males, who show off
birds, as onlookers cheer team. through dancing how to move
the hats without using the
B. Alcomfor
hands.
 is a dance that suggests the
H. Sayaw Ed Tapew na Bangko
exotic aroma of scented
handkerchiefs with which the  Couples showing off their skills
ladies tease the gentlemen. while dancing on top of long and
narrow benches.
C. Banga
I. Singkil
 means clay pot, used as
container for water. The clay  a dance of the princess and the
pots are being used and prince.
balanced on the heads of
J. The Ifugao Dance
Igorot women as they wind up
and down the mountain trail.
  This depicts a mountain tribe of DRAMA
the Philippines dancing to the
- an art form has undergone great
sound of the "gangsa", (brass
evolution through rise.
gong).
- Drama a composition that tells a
story in the combination of
dialogues, story lines, and
4. SOCIAL/BALLROOM DANCES
actions /performances.
 Generally performed by
couples.
 They include such forms as
waltz, fox trot, swing and the old
favorites, like the cha cha,
Elements of Drama
boogie, tango as well as the
latest rock dances. 1. Plot
 Ballroom Dancing is now known
 Usually what happens in the
as the famous dance sports
story
where local, national international
 Refers to the action done in the
participants join the competition.
play
 The basic storyline of the play
5. THEATRICAL DANCE
 This dance is typically performed 2. Character
for the entertainment of
 The people involved in the play
audiences.
 Usually the actors in the play
 accompanied by music and
 Each character having their own
scenic accessories expressive of
distinct personality, age,
a dramatic story, theme or
appearance, etc.
atmosphere.

3. Dialogue
6. MODERN DANCE
 Refers to the words written by
 a dance form characterized as
the playwright
natural and free with varied
 Helps move the section or plot
styles of movements called
of the play forward
contemporary or interpretative
dances.
 They have dynamic tempo and 4. Staging
are vitally precise, spontaneous,
The overall set up of the play
free and natural.
  Involves all the spectacles
happening during the play
Romantic Comedy
 their blocking movements, the
basic background of the play,  this type of comedy gives a
props, costumes, gestures, subtle approach to human
lighting and sound effects, and weakness.
all the details involved in the
play
Tragicomedy
 It is a combination of tragedy
and comedy.
 The plays are serious but funny
and bring out a light-hearted
5. Theme feeling to the audience.
 can start with tragedy and can
 Gives the meaning of the play
have a happy ending or vice
 The main idea or the lesson
versa.
learned from the play
 more realistic because it deals
 Generalized statement of what
with real-life situations and
is presented in the story or play
circumstances.

GENRES OF DRAMA
Farce
 It is a form of exaggerated
Tragedy comedy.
 make the audience laugh for
 misfortunes encountered by
the sake of laughing.
the actors of the play
 has an exaggerated plot where
 treats drama on serious,
characters appear idiotic.
dignified, sorrowful, and/or
events encountered by the
actor/s.
Melodrama
 Music is sometimes used in this
Satiric Comedy
genre.
 giving an ending that corrects  The common characters in
or paves paths for some sort of melodrama are the hero or
salvation, this type of comedy heroine, the villain, a villain's
shows human weakness and accomplice and a faithful
criticizes human conduct. servant of the hero or heroine.
  characterized by a predictable Melody- It is the memory element
but sensational plot that because it is always remembered by
appeals strongly to the emotions. listeners.

Drama in the Philippines

Pitch - It indicates the highness or
Duplo was an old literature related to lowness of the sound.
poetic drama or drama held by trained
men and women during the ninth
night of the wake or funeral vigil. Harmony - Refers only to the
simultaneous sounding of pitches
regardless of whether the chords
sound pleasing or not.

Elements of Performance Art Tempo - Refers to the speed of a

certain musical piece. It may be slow,
 a form of art that involves a live,
quick or moderate.
often unscripted, presentation
by an artist or group of artists.
Dynamics - refers to the amount,
strength or volume of the sound.
MUSIC
- is a vocal instrumental sound (or
both) combined in such a way as to Timbre - Refers to tone quality. Helps
produce beauty of form, harmony and differentiate of a type of voice to another
expression of emotion. or instrument from another.

ELEMENTS OF MUSIC DANCE

- Is an art and a recreation.
Rhythm - Measuring rhythm is by - as an art, it tells the story, a set of
means of a Meter (arrangement of a mood or expresses an emotion.
rhythm in a fixed, regular pattern with a
uniform number of beats in uniform
measures) ELEMENTS OF DANCE
Theme - Is the most basic element of
a dance. It conveys the message of a
dance.

Design - Is the pattern of movement

in time and space. Pattern in time
refers to the unaccented beats of
movements into measures. Path in
space refers to the path traced by the
dancer's feet on the floor and the
levels on which they move.

Movement - Refers to the bodily

actions of the dancer.
Technique Is the skill of movement
executed by the dancer.

Music - is the auditory background to

which a dancer moves.

Costume and Paraphernalia - Are

properties worn by the dancers that help
reflect the message, customs, beliefs
and setting of the dance.
 4.Megalithic Art- forming of stones or
related with arrangement of stones.

Parietal Art- artworks that are

applied to immovable rock.
Mobiliary Art- art applied to
small or portable stone.
Lesson 11-13: ART HISTORY

Ancient Egyptian Art: A Cultural

Consciousness and Balance
Art History: Cave Arts, Egyptians and
Greeks

Ancient Egyptian Art - is the most

fascinating spectacle display of
Cave Art is as old as man's existence; it
expression ever discovered in the
evolved alongside our ancestors
world. Each art piece from cave to
upright walking millions of years ago.
modern art canvas is vivid storytelling
of Egyptians past triumphs and
today's glory.
TYPES OF CAVE ARTS/STONE ARTS:

•Predynastic Period Art, 600-3150

1.Petroglyphs - made through rock
BCE
carvings, engravings and cupules.
Art was inscribed on stones
and rock walls displaying different
2.Pictographs - identified cave forms of animals, human beings and
paintings and drawings of symbols on supernatural figures and symbols.
walls of the cave.

• Early Dynastic Period Art, 3150-2613

BCE
3.Prehistoric Sculpture - figurines This period of art has reached its
usually zoomorphic and height in the work known as "The
therianthropic ivory carvings. Narmer Palette" with the two sides
created to symbolically celebrate the
union of South and North Egypt.
 • Second Intermediate Period: The
New Kingdom Art, 1782-1570 BCE

•Old Kingdom of Egypt Period Art,

2613-2181BCE The art in this period continued
the traditions of the Middle Kingdom
The union of the two Egypts
but more often than not, the artists
developed a remarkable aesthetic
availability depended on the power of
appreciation and tremendous skills
the nobility.
among the people who valued arts.

•Later Period of Legacy: The Third

•First Intermediate Period Art, 2181-
Period of Egypt Art, 1069-525 BCE
2040 BCE
Was characterized as "chaotic
darkness art". Poor quality became The skills acquired by great
obvious and monumental government artists continued through this last
structures began to slow down until they period. The style of those latter periods
faded. was affected by the times and the
limited resources, but the arts were still
of considerable quality.
• Middle Kingdom Period Art, 2061-
2010 BCE
Ancient Greek Art: Foundation of
The latter part of the previous period
Beauty and Proportion
of chaotic revolution was the end of
chaotic art when King Mentuhotep of Ancient Greece greatness to
Thebes defeated Kings of aesthetic perfection art and Egyptian
Herakleopolis about 2040 BCE. He aesthetic function art are today's world
then ruled the transition period of the treasure. It was after the collapse of the
Middle Kingdom of Egypt up to 1782 Mycenaean Citadels of the late Bronze
BCE. Age the Greece mainland has
traditionally obliged to utilize its
achieved learning on metal working,
 This period marked a great stone forming, large scale constructions
revolution amidst great and writing.
reverence for the government,
and the artists in most cases did
an obvious exploration in the
sophistication of styles and • The Classical Greek Art Period, 480-
techniques. 323 BCE
 In this period, Greek artists about ancient tools and cave arts but
began to explore in sculpture and some other treasures left by the
render on human and animal forms ancestors and visitors from neighboring
countries.
realistically.
2.The "Yawning" Jarlet of Leta-Leta
Cave
•Hellenistic Greek Art Period, 323-146
BCE Discovered by Dr. Robert Fox,
the excavated Jarlet was believed to
In this period, the Great be associated with the late Neolithic
conquered Persia, Egypt and near Period approximately 1000-1500 BC.
eastern countries. He then brought
Greek's political rules, art and cultures
to these areas that was why nearby
kingdoms acquired big similarities to the
Greek arts. Sculpture in the Hellenistic 3.The Laguna Copper Plate
period became more scenic and realistic Inscription (LCI)
in form, like a tableau. The use of
mixed-up subjects of humans and Accidentally discovered in 1986
animals became noticeable. in the said town, dated about pre-
Spanish era measured 7×12 inches
when unrolled.
Roman Medieval Art 4. The Manuggul Jar.
In the Middle Ages, art evolved
The jar was one of the
as artists continually considered the
discoveries in Manuggul Cave and
traditional and the new culture, believed to be secondary burial jar for
including Biblical subjects, Christian boned and believed to be from the
dogma, and Classical mythology. late Neolithic period 890-710 BC.

Philippine Art 5. The "Death Blanket" of Banton

Romblon.
It was in the 19th century when
Western art started to influence the The Bonton burial cloth, was
Philippine culture in the areas of actually just a piece of the blanket
painting, architecture, sculpture, used by Filipinos in the 13th to 14th
literature and music centuries to wrap a corpse. It was
found in the 1960's inside the Guyangan
1. Artifacts Care in Banton.

The Philippine rich collection of 6. Batanes Castles.

archaeological discoveries was solid
evidence that the country was not all
 Believed to be highly rocky  Polyphonic music (multiple
formation the triangular shaped hill independent melodies) emerged.
was said to be a castle located at  Aristocrats and the wealthy
Savidug, Municipality of Sabtang. hired musicians for events.
 Secular music became popular
7. Architectural Heritage. and commercially recognized.
 Instrumental music grew more
The architectural styles in the attractive than vocal music.
Philippines although designed by  Vocal music still remained
Filipino artists and architects, it's present and important.
movements especially churches and
cathedrals were inspired from Gothic Common Musical Terminologies
to Baroque. During the Renaissance Period:

8. National Artists. 1. Harmony – Two or more notes

played simultaneously.
Some famous National Artists 2. Triad – Three notes played
include Fernando Amorsolo, the first together with intervals of thirds.
awardee for painting, known for his use 3. Major Triad – Produces a happy
of chiaroscuro in Planting Rice sound (formula: 4 half steps,
(1951); Juan F. Nakpil, the first for then 3 half steps).
architecture, who renovated Quiapo 4. Minor Triad – Produces a sad
Church in 1930; and Napoleon sound (formula: 3 half steps,
Abueva, the first for sculpture, known then 4 half steps).
as the "Father of Philippine 5. Word Painting – Music reflects
Sculpture," with Nine Muses installed the literal meaning of the lyrics.
at the UP Faculty Center. 6. Renaissance Motet –
Polyphonic sacred choral work in
Latin (not part of the Mass
ordinary).
The Renaissance Period (1400-1600) 7. Renaissance Mass – Sacred
polyphonic choral composition
After the period of turmoil brought with five sections: Kyrie, Gloria,
by the Dark Ages, the revival of Credo, Sanctus, Agnus Dei.
cultures from Greece and Rome 8. Renaissance Madrigal –
ushered the reawakening of the arts Secular vocal music set to poetry
known as renaissance or rebirth. in various European languages.

Music During the Renaissance Period

 The printing press helped

spread music widely across
Europe. Musical Instruments during the
 Women began participating Renaissance
alongside men in the music
scene.
  Recorder – similar to flute  What begins joyfully will
(vertical flute). remain all throughout, and
 Shawm – is an early clarinet. emotions and affections are
 Sackbut – is the early trombone. present during the performance
 Lute – is a plucked stringed of a baroque piece.
instrument.
 Organ – is a keyboard instrument Rhythm
using multiple layered set of keys
as well as dampers (specifically  Rhythmic patterns are heard at
referred to as the pipe organ). the beginning of a piece and
 Harpsichord – similar to piano are repeated throughout the
but a smaller version wherein the end of the piece.
white keys of the piano is colored
black in harpsichord and the
black keys of the piano are
colored white in harpsichord. Melody

Famous Composers who Contributed  Like in rhythm, the opening

their Compositions to Greatness melody of the Baroque music
will be heard again and again
 Josquin des Prez – a Flemish during the entire duration of the
composer from Hainaut (now a presentation.
part of Belgium) founder of
renaissance motet, contemporary
of da Vinci and Columbus and his
famous work is Ave Maria... Virgo
Serena (1475);
 Giovanni Pierluigi da Dynamics
Palestrina – founder of
renaissance mass, devoted  There is the presence of terraced
himself to music for the Catholic dynamics, which are defined
church and his famous work is within the terminologies of the
Pope Marcellus Mass (1552– song.
1553);
 Thomas Weelkes – one of the Texture
finest English madrigals, an
organist and church composer  Baroque music is predominantly
and his famous work is As Vesta polyphonic in texture that is
Was Descending (1601) in honor two or more melodic lines
of Queen Elizabeth. compete for the listener's
attention.
Characteristics of Baroque Music
Chords and Basso Continuo
Unity of Mood
 Chords are dominantly a part of
baroque composition in which a
 chord can be played together 8. Suite - a composition that is
or one note after the other. based on a dance-inspired
movement.
Words and Music 9. Cantata - a piece that was sung
10. Oratorio - is a large scale
 These often emphasize words composition for chorus, vocal
by writing rapid notes for a soloists and orchestra.
single syllable of a text in
Baroque music.

Musical Instruments During the

Baroque Period
Music Terminologies
1. Harpsichord - defined in
1. Basso Continuo - otherwise renaissance period
known as figured bass and 2. Violin - the soprano voice of
usually done in an the violin family of
accompaniment manner. instrumentation that usually
2. Baroque Orchestra - a has a set of four strings with f-
combination of different musical holes and scroll and played with
instruments being played at a bow
the same time. 3. Viola - the alto voice of the
3. Movement - a piece that sounds violin family and a bit larger
fairly complete and than the violin
independent but is part of a 4. Cello - the player will always be
larger composition. in a seated manner and the
tenor
5. Voice of the Violin Family of
Instrumentation
4. Concerto Grosso and 6. Double bass - the biggest of
Ritornello Form - concerto the violin family of
grosso means a small group of instrumentation and is the bass
soloists is pitted against a large voice of the group.
group of players called the tutti
(all) while in the ritornello form, Famous Baroque Composers
the tutti opens a theme called
ritornello or refrain. 1. Johann Sebastian Bach
5. Fugue - a polyphonic
composition based on one main Though recognize as the most
theme call the subject. eminent organist, harpsichordist,
6. Opera - a drama that is sung to improviser and master of the fugue,
orchestral accompaniment. Bach was by no means considered the
7. Sonata - a composition in several greatest composer of his time; his music
movements for one to eight was largely forgotten and remained
instruments. unpublished for years after his death
and his notable work.
2. George Frederic Handel Was a highly influential French
painter and a leading figure of the
His triple career as impresario, Neoclassical art movement. Born in
composer and performer brought Paris, he studied at the Royal Academy
him to success and fame and his of Painting and Sculpture and later won
famous work is Messiah (1741). the prestigious Prix de Rome, allowing
him to study classical art in Italy.
3. Antonio Vivald
PAINTINGS
He was known as the "Red Priest,"
violin teacher, composer, conductor,  Andromache Mourning over the
and his popular work - Concerto for body of Hector
Violin and String Orchestra, Op. 8, No. 1  Napoleon Crossing the Alps
from The Four Seasons (1725).
Antonio Canova (1757–1822)

A renowned Italian Neoclassical

Neoclassicism (1750–1850) sculptor, famous for his marble
sculptures that combined classical
 Neoclassicism Art was reborn to elegance with lifelike beauty. Born in
a new approach of classical Possagno, Italy, Canova showed artistic
ideas about the 18th century, talent early and was trained by his
combined mostly from the ancient grandfather, a stonemason.
concept of beauty of Greece and
Rome. SCULPTURE
 Classicism portrayed
characteristics related to  Paolina Borghese as Venus
antiquity, clarity, harmony Victrix
restraint, universality, and  Perseus with the head of Medusa
idealism.
 Classicism concentrated on the Romanticism (1780–1850)
model of Greek and Roman
history and mythology; this  Romanticism emerged as a
included the portrayal of strong counter reaction to
and heroic male's nudity Neoclassicism where an artist's
 One of the oldest discoveries of interpretation gave a more
neoclassical painting was the intense emotional portrayal
"Andromache Mourning over influence of Neoclassicism in
the body of Hector" from 1783 certain levels of degree.
painted by Jacques Louis-  Historians agreed that the mid-
David, one of the greatest 18th to the early part of 19th
neoclassical painters in that era. century was a portrayal of a
more realistic interpretation of
Jacques-Louis David (1748–1825) the art. Paintings became the
primary form of art depicting
 different interpretations of
emotions.
Realism (1848–1901)
Gustave Courbet (1819–1877)
 This art was considered the birth
Was a French painter and the of modern art wherein artists
leading figure of the Realism explored subjects on everyday
movement in 19th-century art. Born in life in a current state in the world.
Ornans, France, Courbet rejected the  Realism as a style of work
idealized subjects of Romanticism and focuses on the accuracy of
instead focused on depicting ordinary details that depicts and
people and everyday life with honesty somehow mirrors reality. There
and detail. is little room for imagination in
this movement since emphasis is
placed in observable traits that
PAINTING: Napoleon Crossing the Alps can concretize through artworks.

Honoré Daumier (1808–1879)

William Blake (1757–1827) Was a French painter, sculptor,

and printmaker, best known for his
Was an English poet, painter, satirical cartoons and realist
and printmaker, known for his unique artworks that criticized politics,
blend of art, mysticism, and society, and injustice in 19th-century
literature. Though largely unrecognized France.
during his lifetime, he is now considered
one of the most important figures of the
Romantic Age. PAINTING: Rue Transnonain

PAINTING: The Descent of Man into the

Vale of Death. Jean-François Millet (1814–1875)

A French painter and one of

the founding members of the
Théodore Géricault (1791–1824) Barbizon School, known for his
powerful depictions of peasant life
A French painter and one of and rural labor. He played a key role in
the pioneers of the Romanticism the Realism movement by showing the
movement in art. He is best known for dignity and hardship of ordinary working
his dramatic and emotional style, often people.
focusing on human suffering, heroism,
and real-life events.
PAINTING: The Gleaners

PAINTING: The Raft of Medusa Gustave Courbet (1819–1877)

 Was a French painter and the SYMBOLISM AND ART NOUVEAU
leading figure of the Realism
movement in 19th-century art. Born in
Ornans, France, Courbet rejected the Symbolism
idealized subjects of Romanticism and
instead focused on depicting ordinary
people and everyday life with honesty Art was inspired by the artist's
and detail. own concept of the symbolic
interpretation of events, a group of
people, and the story of everyday life.
PAINTING: Burial at Ornans

Post-Impressionism New Art or Art Nouveau Movement

 Emerged on the scene late
 Impressionists believed that
18th century up to early 19th
beauty in the art should not be
century, first in Europe and later
based only on the realistic
in the United States of America.
depiction of the real form of
Historians described the
things but also on the artist's
movement as artists' boredom of
free impression of the main
classicism and historicism kind of
subject.
art.
 Post-Impressionism art was a
symbolic art opted to depict
realistic emotion in a symbolic  Art Nouveau advocacy was to
approach as compared to the bring modern design to the
Realism movement, and that modern world. Aesthetic
included motifs like geometric influenced during this period
shapes, unnatural vivid colors, Asian art, Japanese mid-2nd
and painterly brushstrokes. century ukiyo-e woodblock prints
in particular, and La Tene Celtic
design of the 1 century known as
the Iron Age
Neo-Impressionism
 Art Nouveau movement was
 Neo-impressionism In the Late also known for its famous
18th century, the birth of grandiose baroque and gothic-
Neoimpressionism movement inspired architecture and
introduced the world to a sculpture pieces.
radiant style of painting by
trained post-impressionists, like LESSON 7: Soul-Making and The Da
Georges Seurat Paul and Signac. Vincian Principles
"Art washes away from the soul the dust What moves someone to write something?
of everyday life." -Pablo Picasso
This is the main issue or reason why
someone is inspired to put down into
words one's desires or feelings. In other
 The word "artist" has often been words, this is the "key emotion" or
interpreted to mean someone "the heart of the matter" which
who has contributed much in the propels one to write a story.
field of painting.
 The word "making" in "soul-
making" is derived from the Step 2. Start With A Hook
Greek poieo which means "to be In order to catch the reader's attention
the author or maker of right away, a good writer will start
something”. with something that is intriguing.

Soul-Making
It is an exploration and application of Step 3. Write A Story
the imagination in an active way that is Choose your words wisely.
to say, in a good or productive way.

Step 4. Write A Strong Ending

Soul-Maker
Is someone who has created through No "unresolved issues" after reading
his intelligence something unique and the story.
worthwhile.

Step 5. Reread Your Story

As Aristotle would remind us, Writing a story does not end when you
the mind is always directed to the "good. already established the ending. It is
" Nevertheless, hitting the mark of important to reread what you have
"goodness" is always a difficult thing to written for three good reasons. First, try
do. to check the flow of the words. Second,
review your key emotion. Third, there
must be only one plot in the story.
Crafting is the activity of making Step 6. Edit Yourself
decorative objects with one's hands
or of skillfully creating something such Always go back to your "key
as a story. emotion" before declaring that the job
is already done.
Steps in Crafting Stories

Step 7. Ask Others For Editing Help

Step 1. Find Your Key Emotion
Don't rely too much on your own touches without feeling, and talks
capacity. As the saying goes, "Two without thinking!"
heads are better than one."

Sfumato (openness to the

7 Da Vinci Principles mysterious)
The term sfumato means
"turned to mist" or "going up in
Curiosita (inquisitiveness) smoke" Both the terms mist and smoke
Learning starts with a sense of mean one thing: uncertainty.
wonder. In like manner, an artist never By embracing uncertainty,
stops going over his finished work and is Leonardo was bent on introducing a
ever curious in looking for ways to theory: the tension of opposites. He
improve it. emphasized this kind of tension in his
Dimostrazione (learning from paintings, most notably in such works as
The Virgin of the Rocks and the Mona
experience) Lisa, where there is a contrast of light
Two types of Learners and darkness.

1. Those who simply observe and

watch what is happening before Arte/Scienza (balanced learning
them (observant) through the arts and sciences)
2. Those who get involved by The development of the balance
immersing themselves to the between science and art, logic and
nitty-gritty of things surrounding imagination; whole- brain thinking.
them (apil-apilon)
As a young boy, Leonardo learned
Corporalita (cultivating mental and
how to paint when he became an
physical fitness)
apprentice in the studio of his master
Verrochio who first taught him how to This is the cultivation of grace,
prepare canvases and paints. ambidexterity, fitness, and poise.
Sensazione (use of the five senses) Da Vinci believed in the
importance of a healthy body and
The continual refinement of the
mind.
senses, especially sight, as the means
to enliven experience. For Leonardo, the
eye is the window of the soul.
Connessione (combination and
Five hundred years ago, in connection).
Tuscany, Leonardo observed that the
average person "looks without seeing, A recognition of and appreciation
hears without listening, breathes in for the interconnectedness of all
without awareness of aroma or things and phenomena. Da Vinci
fragrance, eats without tasting,
believed in understanding the including an object, land or real
interconnectedness of the world. estate, intellectual property, or until
the nineteenth century, human beings.

Lesson 8: Narrative Appropriation,

Borrowing, and Ownership
Positive Five (5) Acts of Cultural
Appropriation

Narrative Art
Is all about the kind of visual art What is Appropriation?
that tells or narrates that are done
Appropriation in art is the use of
mostly through painting and
pre-existing objects or images with
sculpture, which considered as the
little transformation applied to
most common classical art forms.
them.
Appropriation
In art and history, refers to the
What is Cultural Appropriation?
practice of artists using existing
objects or images in their art with  Cultural appropriation is the
little transformation of the original. adoption of an element or
elements of one culture or
The action of taking something for
identity by members of
one’s own use, typically without the
another culture or identity in a
owner’s permission.
manner perceived as
Borrowing inappropriate or
unacknowledged.
In art has more or less the same
meaning as appropriation except that  Cultural appropriation can
the former happens prior to latter. include the exploitation of
another culture's religious
It is the act of copying aspects
and cultural traditions,
of an original work.
customs, dance steps, fashion,
symbols, language, history and
music.

 It's something to be avoided

at all costs and something to
Ownership educate yourself about.
This is the state or fact of
exclusive rights and control over
property, which may be any asset, 1. OBJECT APPROPRIATION
 It occurs when the possession  Refers to main idea that is
of a tangible work of art (such as a represented in the artwork. It
sculpture or a painting) is transferred is basically the essence of the
from members of one culture to piece.
members of another culture.
Lesson 9: Soul and Space
2. Content Appropriation
 On the other hand, content
appropriation refers to Soul and Space
adoption of works of art that
are intangible.
Marantao
 This happens when an
 A municipality of the province of
intangible work previously
Lanao del Sur.
expressed by people from one
 The topography of Marantao is
culture was adopted and used
characterized by gently rolling
by a person or a group of
hills, but a part of the terrain is
persons from another culture.
flat and plain leading toward the
Examples of these works of art are: national highway.

• Short Stories Torogan

• Poetry It is the meeting place for
community members, especially when
• Musical Compositions
the Sultan calls for conferences
regarding community welfare.
Content appropriation can be further Marantao Torogan
categorized into Two:
Is made of wooden materials.
1. STYLE APPROPRIATION The posts known as (tokod) from a tree
trunk serves as the support of the floor
 Artists involved in style beams.
appropriation do not replicate
the works created by a
person or a group of persons
from another culture. However,
they use the elements from
those works from another
Philippine Houses: The Blending of
culture in creating their own
Space and Soul
works.
Torogan
2. SUBJECT APPROPRIATION
 Is a wing-like house beam with can accommodate several people to
fern and serpent as motifs which sleep over.
symbolize high social status of the
Ivatan House
Maranao.
Which is a typical representation
Ifugao Bale
of an Ivatan, indigenous people of
An indigenous architectural Batanes Island. The Ivatans construct
design harmoniously located within this type of house to protect them from
the contour of the Rice Terraces, but coming typhoons.
its designs differ from tribe to tribe for
Badjao Boat House
distinction.
Is a lepa boat that serves as the
Bahay Kubo
humble abode of aja (sea tope use
Considered as the “Icon of the gypsies) which especially in Sitangkai,
Philippines.” It is a type of stilt houses Tawi-tawi and Bongao. This type house
commonly indigenous to the cultures of reflects the fishing way of life of the
the Philippines. Its name varies from Badjaos.
province to province as payag or
Stilt Houses
kamalig.
Which are raised on stilts over
the surface of the body of water. They
Bahay na Bato are built primarily as a protection
against flooding.
Literally known as “house of
stone” in English. It is a type of simple Multi-Story House
miniature building which was popular
A building that has multiple
during Spanish Era.
stories and which typically contains in
Tree House the form of ramps, stairs and lifts.
Is typically a pre-colonial platform Philippine Urban Housing
or building constructed around, next to Community
or among the trunk or branches of
A townhouse or townhome
durable and mature trees while above
single family home that shares one or
ground level.
more walls with other independently
med units.

T'boli House
Which is akin to nipa hut but is Condo Unit
larger, wider and more spacious that
 A housing manner for which the
owner holds sole title to the unit, but
land and common property (elevators,
halls, roof, stairs, etc. are jointly owned
with other unit owners.