Libyan International Medical University

Faculty of Information Technology

Microsoft Windows Server Administration

Client and server architecture

Eng:- ABDELSALAM SALEH ELRASHDI

abdelsalam saleh elrashdi 1

 Outlines
• Client and server architecture
• Most Popular Server Operating Systems
• Windows Server Versions
• Windows Server 2012
• Windows Server 2016
• Windows server 2019
• Core server
• Nano server
• Microsoft Azure
 Objectives
By end of this lecture the student you would be able :
• Compare and contrast peer to peer and client server .
• Explain the basic operation of client and server architecture.
• Define the server operating systems.
• Define windows server 2012,2016,2019 .
• Compare versions of each operating system.
• Define windows core server.
• Define windows Nano server
• Explain the basic operation of Microsoft Azure

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 Client and server architecture
• Client-server architecture is an architecture of a computer network in which
many clients (remote processors) request and receive service from a centralized
server (host computer). Client computers provide an interface to allow a
computer user to request services of the server and to display the results the
server returns. Servers wait for requests to arrive from clients and then respond to
them. Ideally, a server provides a standardized transparent interface to clients so
that clients need not be aware of the specifics of the system (i.e., the hardware and
software) that is providing the service. Clients are often situated at workstations or
on personal computers, while servers are located elsewhere on the network,
usually on more powerful machines.

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 Client and server architecture (cont)
• This computing model is especially effective when clients and the server each
have distinct tasks that they routinely perform. In hospital data processing, for
example, a client computer can be running an application program for entering
patient information while the server computer is running another program that
manages the database in which the information is permanently stored. Many
clients can access the server’s information simultaneously, and, at the same time, a
client computer can perform other tasks, such as sending e-mail. Because both
client and server computers are considered intelligent devices, the client-server
model is completely different from the old “mainframe” model, in which a
centralized mainframe computer performed all the tasks for its associated “dumb”
terminals

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 Most Popular Server Operating
Systems
• A server operating system, also called a server OS, is an operating system
specifically designed to run on servers, which are specialized computers that
operate within a client/server architecture to serve the requests of client
computers on the network.
• Popular server operating systems include Windows Server, Mac OS X Server, and
variants of Linux such as Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) and SUSE Linux
Enterprise Server.
• According to SpiceWorks, this list is the most deployed on-premises server
operating systems (August 2016):
• Windows Server 2003
• Windows Server 2008
• Windows Server 2012
• Red Hat Enterprise Linus (RHEL)
• Windows Server 2000

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 Microsoft windows server
• Windows Server is a brand name for a group of server operating systems released
by Microsoft. It includes all Windows operating systems that are branded
"Windows Server", but not any other Microsoft product. The first Windows server
edition to be released under that brand was Windows Server 2003. However, the
first server edition of Windows was Windows NT 3.1 Advanced Server, followed
by Windows NT 3.5 Server, Windows NT 4.0 Server, and Windows 2000 Server;
the latter was the first server edition to include Active Directory, DNS Server,
DHCP Server, Group Policy, as well as many other popular features used today.
• Microsoft Windows Server OS (operating system) is a series of enterprise-class
server operating systems designed to share services with multiple users and
provide extensive administrative control of data storage, applications and
corporate networks

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 Windows server history
• Development for Windows Server started in the early 1980s when Microsoft
produced two operating system lines: MS-DOS and Windows NT. Microsoft
engineer David Cutler developed the kernel of Windows NT with the intent to
provide speed, security and reliability that large organizations require in a server
operating system.
• Prior to the release of Windows NT, many companies relied on the Unix operating
system that required expensive RISC (reduced instruction set computer) -based
hardware to run file and printing services. Windows NT had the ability to run on
less costly x86 machines.
• A key feature in the NT architecture is symmetric multiprocessing, which makes
applications run faster on machines with several processors.
• Later iterations of Windows Server can be deployed either on hardware in an
organization's data center or on a cloud platform, such as Microsoft Azure.

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 Windows Server Versions
• Windows NT 3.1.
• Windows NT 3.5.
• Windows NT 3.51.
• Windows NT 4.0.
• Windows 2000.
• Windows Server 2003 (April 2003)
• Windows Server 2003 R2 (December 2005)
• Windows Server 2008 (February 2008)
• Windows Server 2008 R2 (October 2009)
• Windows Server 2012 (September 2012)[9]
• Windows Server 2012 R2 (October 2013)
• Windows Server 2016 (September 2016)
• Windows Server 2019 (October 2018)

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 Windows Server 2012
• Windows Server 2012, codenamed "Windows Server the fifth release of Windows
Server family of operating systems developed co", currently with Windows 8. It
was not until April 17, 2012 that the company announced that the final product
name would be "Windows Server 2012". The product was released to
manufacturing on August 1, 2012 and became generally available on September,
2012. However, not all editions of Windows Server 2012 were released at the
same time. Windows Server 2012 Essentials was released to manufacturing on
October 9, 2012 and was made generally available on November 1, 2012. As of
September 23, 2012, all students subscribed to DreamS park program can
download Windows Server 2012 Standard or Datacenter free of charge.

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 New Features in Windows Server
2012
• Server 2012 Interfaces:-can switch between core server and GUI )
• Server Core :-Server 2012 increases the number of roles that are
available in server core 2008 about 19 roles
• Server Manager:-Windows Server 2012 offers a lot of
improvements to server manager as well as changing the interface
look and feel
• Storage Spaces:-This is a feature available in Windows 8 and
Windows Server 2012. It allows for multiple drives to be combined
together to form one logical unit of storage. The drives used can be
internal or external or a combination of the two.
• Resilient File System (ReFS):-is considered to be a next generation
new technology file system. The main feature is that it allows the
file system to be self-healing which means problems can be
corrected without the need to reboot the computer

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 New Features in Windows Server
2012 (cont)
• SMB 3.0:-Server Message Block (SMB) is the protocol used to share
folders. With Windows Server 2012 there is a new version of the protocol
called SMB 3.0. There are a number of enhancements to the protocol to
allow the protocol to work over the network better in particular with
virtual machines
• Direct Access:- Direct Accessis designed to be a replacement for
traditional VPN Software.
• Hyper-V improvements. :- There has been a lot of improvements to
hyper-V. Microsoft has released 10 new features for Hyper-V and
updated 7 old features to add additional functionality.
• Server Core
number of roles supported by server core increased 12-19 roles are
available

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 Windows Server 2012 Editions
• Only in 4 editions.
• There is only 64bit editions.
• Both GUI and core can be used.
• Windows Server 2012 Foundation.
• Windows Server 2012 Essentials.
• Windows Server 2012 Standard.
• Windows Server 2012 Datacenter.
 Windows Server 2012 Foundation

• The least expensive edition.

• Supports only 15 users.
• Used in small business.
• Up to 32GB RAM.
• Only 1 processor.
• No virtualization.
 Windows Server 2012 Essentials

• It more expensive from Foundation

• Supports only 25 users.
• Up to 64GB RAM.
• Up to 2 processors.
• No virtualization.
 Windows Server 2012 Standard

• Used in medium to large area networks.

• Provide full functionality.
• Unlimited users.
• Purchase for each user access the server.
• Up to 4TB RAM.
• Up to 64 processors.
• 2 virtual instances.
 Windows Server 2012 Datacenter

• Have the same functionality of standard

edition.
• Up to 4TB RAM.
• Needs a minimum of 8 processors and a
maximum of 64 processors..
• Unlimited virtual instances.
Comparison table
 Features Foundati Essential Standard Datacent
on s er
Active Directory Certificate Services Limited Yes Yes Yes
Active Directory Domain Services Yes Yes Yes Yes
Active Directory Federation Services Yes Yes Yes Yes
Active Directory Lightweight Directory Yes No Yes Yes
Services
Active Directory Rights Management Yes Yes Yes Yes
Services
Application Server Yes Yes Yes Yes
DHCP Server Yes Yes Yes Yes
DNS Server Yes Yes Yes Yes
Fax Server Yes Yes Yes Yes
File Services Limited Yes Yes Yes
Hyper-V No No Yes Yes
Network Policy and Access Services Limited Yes Yes Yes
Remote Desktop Services No No Yes Yes
Internet Information Services (IIS) Yes Yes Yes Yes
 Windows Server 2016
• Windows Server 2016 is a server operating system developed by Microsoft as part
of the Windows NT family of operating systems, developed concurrently with
Windows 10. The first early preview version (Technical Preview) became
available on October 1, 2014 together with the first technical preview of System
Center. Windows Server 2016 was released on September 26, 2016 at Microsoft's
Ignite conference and became generally available on October 12, 2016. It has two
successors.

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 Windows Server 2016
Essentials
• Essentials is ideal for SMBs or Small Businesses and individuals with very
basic server needs. The GUI is pretty much the same as Standard with the
exception of the Essentials Wizard that runs. While you can disable this
Wizard, the system is really meant to be used with it.
• Virtualization Rights
• You’re allowed to run one physical instance of Essentials as a Hyper-V
host, hosting one virtual instance of Essentials. You’ll need to remove all
roles except the Hyper-V role from the physical Essentials instance to be in
compliance. Essentials is also good for one virtual instance on any other
hypervisor.
• Licensing Model
• CPU based. No CALs are required but you’re limited to 25 users and 50
devices connecting to the server.
• Hardware Limits
• Essentials is limited to a max of 64GB of RAM and 2 CPUs on the machine
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 Windows Server 2016 Standard
• Standard is ideal for any company or individual that that needs advanced
features but will still not be virtualizing heavily.
• Virtualization Rights
• You’re allowed to run up to two virtual machines or Hyper-V containers or
one physical instance with a Standard License. If you only use the Hyper-V
role on the physical instance you can use it as a Hyper-V host and then
host two Hyper-V VMs on that host. If you want to use multiple roles on
the physical instance you cannot run vm’s on top with the same license.
• Licensing Model
• Core based. CALs are required for every user or device that connects
indirectly or directly to the server. For example, if you use the server as a
file server you will need a CAL for every user account or computer that
access that file server on the network.
• Hardware Limits
• Standard is limited a max of 24TB of RAM and 512 cores.

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 Windows Server 2016 Datacenter
• Datacenter is ideal for any company that is highly virtualized. You
purchasing licensing according to how many cores your hosts have that
any VM running Datacenter can live on (run or potentially run on after a
vmotion). This licensing seems expensive at first but it allows you to create
an unlimited amount of VMs running Server 2016 Datacenter on the hosts
you’ve accounted for. If you have a low number of hosts (and subsequently
cores) and high number of potential VMs then this license is a no brainer.
• Virtualization Rights
• Unlimited virtual machines or Hyper-V containers. As stated above, you’ll
purchase licenses according to how many cores you have within your
hosts. At that point you can spin up as many VMs on those hosts as your
heart desires using whatever roles you want.
• Licensing Model
• Core Based. Make sure you don’t accidentally choose this edition on install
on a physical server that won’t host virtual machines. You’ll be out several
thousands of dollars should Microsoft request a license audit. CALs are
required for every user or device that connects indirectly or directly to the
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servers in your environment.
 Editions of windows server 2016
• Essentials
• Standard
• Datacenter

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 Windows Server 2016 Installation
Options Comparison
• Within the Standard and Datacenter editions of Server 2016 there are also
different installation options you can choose. These versions affect what features
are available after install such as the presence of a GUI and a multitude of
services. The installation options are:

• Desktop Experience
• Core server
• Nano

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 Windows Server Desktop Experience
(GUI)
• Windows Server Desktop Experience (GUI) is the classic and well known
form of Windows Server, which has been with us (and evolving throughout
time) since the iconic Windows NT. Desktop Experience obviously contains
a GUI, rendering the machine comparatively user-friendly and easier to
manage either remotely or locally.

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 Windows 2016 Core
• Server Core lacks a features and few roles that are installed by default under the
Desktop Experience option. Server Core has a smaller disk footprint, and therefore
a smaller attack surface due to a smaller code base. You also have less updates,
reboots, and open ports to deal with. It’s a great option for infrastructure servers
such as Active Directory Domain Controllers and DNS servers.
• When installing server Core there are no accessibility tools, out of box experience
for setting up the server, and no audio support. It really is a no frills install. Just
make sure you’re comfortable with command line based administration.

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 Server Core — Advantages &
Disadvantages
• The classic advantages of Server Core include a smaller footprint (lower
consumption of CPU, RAM and disk space), less vulnerabilities and more
resistency to cyber attack as it contains a smaller attack surface and less code. Less
is installed with Server Core by default, and much can be added on a per-need
basis. Some roles and functions, however, are not supported, regardless.
• There are less updates and less patches (less to update and patch) and thankfully
also less restarts — which shall not be underestimated, as restarts can be a real
pain in full-scale production environments.
• Server Core makes it easy to turn off Windows Update, simply by setting updates
to manual via Sconfig. What a relief! Working with an interface, even if it’s a
text-based one, is more convenient than a plain command line. We just wish there
was more of that. Furthermore, disabling the annoying (yet important) Windows
Update might just be what you’ve been anxious to do for quite a while now.
Disabling means that Windows Update does not check for updates, nor
downloads them (which is configurable).

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 Nano server
• Nano is available only as a container base OS image. It’s meant to be run as a
container within a container host like Server Core mentioned above. If you rely on
containerized applications meant for server OSs then this is the edition you would
use to compile those apps.
• Nano can be deployed with either Standard or Datacenter but you must have
attached Software Assurance to the licensing of the host server.

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Nano server (cont)

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 Minimal System Requirements for
Windows Server 2016
• The following table shows the minimum requirements for Windows Server
2016The actual requirements depend on the system configuration and the
installed applications and features.

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 Edition comparison by server roles
• The Windows Server 2016 editions differ in the following server roles:

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 Windows server 2019
• Windows Server 2019 is the latest version of the server operating system by
Microsoft, as part of the Windows NT family of operating systems.
• Windows Server 2019 was announced on March 20, 2018, and the first
Windows Insider preview version was released on the same day. It was released
for general availability on October 2, 2018.
• On October 6, 2018, distribution of Windows version 1809 (build 17763) was
paused while Microsoft investigated an issue with user data being deleted during
an in-place upgrade. It affected systems where a user profile folder (e.g.
Documents, Music or Pictures) had been moved to another location, but data was
left in the original location. As Windows Server 2019 is based on the Windows
version 1809 codebase, it too was removed from distribution at the time, but was
re-released on November 13, 2018.

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 Windows server 2019 editions
• Windows Server 2019 Standard (Server Core or Desktop Experience)
• Windows Server 2019 Datacenter (Server Core or Desktop Experience)
• Windows Server 2019 Essentials (Desktop Experience only)
• Hyper-V Server 2019 — (Server Core only)

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 What’s New in Windows Server
2019?
• Microsoft focuses its marketing efforts (regarding Server
2019 product family) on promoting innovation and new
capabilities in 4 categories: Hybrid capabilities with Azure,
HCI (Hyper-converged Infrastructure), Security, and “faster
innovation for application”. Though we get more accustomed
to marginal Windows Updates, Windows 2019 does bring
more than just a service pack. For instance, in security we can
find Advanced Threat Protection (ATP) which previously was
(and still is) an independent product. ATP can be downloaded
for free for .

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What’s New in Windows Server
2019? (cont)

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 Microsoft Azure
• Microsoft Azure, formerly known as Windows Azure, is Microsoft's public
cloud computing platform start in 2010. It provides a range of cloud
services, including compute, analytics, storage and networking. Users can
pick and choose from these services to develop and scale new
applications, or run existing applications, in the public cloud.
• Openness many operating system(Linux, mac, apple )

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Datacenter azure

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 Map of the Azure Datacenter
Locations in 2015

17 datacenters
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 Map of the Azure Datacenter
Locations in 2018

40 datacenters
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 Map of the Azure Datacenter
Locations in 2020
• 58 Azure regions available in 140 countries Up to 1.6 Pbps of bandwidth in
a region

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