Scientific Research Methods: Canons

and Procedures for Business and

Management Students

‫ طارق رشدي‬.‫د‬.‫أ‬

Introduction:
The Research Process
1
 1-2

Basic Components of the Research Proposal

• The Research Title or Topic;
(‫الموضوع‬/‫)العنوان‬
• Index of Contents; (‫)فهرست المحتويات‬
• List of Tables; (‫)قائمة الجداول‬
• List of Figures; (‫)قائمة األشكال‬
 1-3

Basic Components of the Research Proposal

◼ (1)- Terminology;
◼ (2)- Introduction;
◼ (3)- Review of Literature;
◼ (4)- The Exploratory study (The Pilot Study);
◼ (5)- Identifying Research
Problem/Questions;
 1-4

Basic Components of the Research Proposal

◼(6)- Developing Research Objectives;

◼(7)- Research Significance: Scientific/Practical
(and National and Personal, if any,)
◼(8)- Research Strategy; (‫)استراتيجية البحث‬
8.1 Research Philosophies (Positivism- Interpretivism)
(‫ الفلسفة التفسيرية‬-‫ الفلسفة الوضعية‬:‫)فلسفة البحث‬
8.2 Research Approaches (Deductive-Inductive)
(‫المدخل االستقرائي‬-‫ المدخل االستنباطي‬:‫)مدخل البحث‬
8.3- Research Type (Exploratory-Descriptive-Explanatory or
Causal Research)
 1-5

Basic Components of the Research Proposal

◼ (8) Research Strategy;

8.4 Methodological Choice (Quantitative-Qualitative)
(‫المنهج الكيفي‬-‫ المنهج الكمي‬:‫)منهج البحث‬.

8.5- Research Methods (‫)أسلوب البحث‬: Survey-Research Case

Study-Experiment-Grounded Theory- Action Research)

8.6- Time Horizon (Longitudinal-Cross Sectional)

(‫النهج المقطعي‬-‫ النهج الطولي‬:‫)األفق الزمنى للبحث‬
 1-6

Basic Components of the Research Proposal

◼ (8) Research Strategy;

8.7-Sampling Design (Target Population-
Sampling Technique- Sample Size)

8.8-The Credibility of Research Findings

(Research Measurements- Reliability-Validity)

8.9-Statistical /Analytical Techniques.

 1-7

Basic Components of the Research Proposal

◼(9) Formulating Research Hypotheses

(Theoretical Background-Centric)

◼(10) Developing the Hypotheses Model (The

Study Model)

References.
◼
 Research Proposal Template (Main Components) 1-8

)‫نموذج الخطة البحثية (املكونات الرئيسية‬

Main Components ‫املكونات الرئيسية‬ ‫التسلسل‬

Research Title/Topic ‫موضوع البحث‬/‫عنوان‬
Index of Contents ‫فهرست املحتويات‬
List of Tables ‫قائمة الجداول‬
List of Figures ‫قائمة األشكال‬
Terminology ‫مصطلحات البحث‬

Introduction ‫املقدمة‬ -1
Literature Review ‫الدراسات السابقة‬ -2
 Research Proposal Template (Main Components) 1-9

)‫نموذج الخطة البحثية (املكونات الرئيسية‬

Main Components ‫املكونات الرئيسية‬ ‫التسلسل‬
Exploratory Study ‫الدراسة االستطالعية‬ -3
Research Problem/Questions ‫مشكلة وأسئلة البحث‬ -4
Research Objectives ‫أهداف البحث‬ -5
Research Significance: :‫أهمية البحث‬ -6
6.1-Scientific Significance ‫ األهمية العلمية‬-6.1
6.2- Practical Significance ‫ األهمية العملية‬-6.2
Research Strategy: :‫إستراتيجية البحث‬ -7
7.1- Research Type ‫ نوع البحث‬-7.1
7.2- Research Method ‫ أسلوب البحث‬-7.2
7.3- Sampling Design ‫ مجتمع وعينة البحث‬-7.3
7.4-Potential Statistical Techniques ‫ األساليب اإلحصائية‬-7.4

Research Hypotheses ‫فروض البحث‬ -8

Study Model ‫نموذج الدراسة‬ -9
References ‫املراجع‬
 1-10

Basic Components of Dissertation/Thesis

Research Title/Topic

◼ Abstract;
◼ Terminology;
◼ Introduction;
 1-11

Basic Components of Dissertation/Thesis

Part One :Theoretical Framework of
Research (‫)اإلطار النظري للبحث‬

◼Chapter 1: Conceptual Background of the

Study; (‫)اإلطار المفاهيمي للدراسة‬
1.1-Concepts;
1.2-Theories;
1.3-Models, etc.,
◼ Chapter 2: Previous Studies; (‫)الدراسات السابقة‬
 1-12

Basic Components of Dissertation/Thesis

Part Two :Methodological Framework of
Research (‫)اإلطار المنهجي للدراسة‬

◼Chapter 3: Research Methodology: Integrated

Framework:(‫ اإلطار المتكامل‬:‫)منهجية البحث‬
3.1- Background;
3.2- The Exploratory study (The Pilot Study);
3.3- Identifying Research Problem/Questions;
3.4- Developing Research Objectives;
3.5- Research Significance;
 1-13

Basic Components of Dissertation/Thesis

Part Two :Methodological Framework of
Research (‫)اإلطار المنهجي للدراسة‬

◼Chapter 3: Research Methodology-Integrated

Framework: (‫ اإلطار المتكامل‬:‫)منهجية البحث‬
3.6- Formulating Research Hypotheses
3.7- Developing the Hypotheses Model.

-
 1-14

Basic Components of Dissertation/Thesis

Part Two :Methodological Framework of
Research (‫)اإلطار المنهجي للدراسة‬

◼Chapter 3: Research Methodology-Integrated

Framework: (‫ اإلطار المتكامل‬:‫)منهجية البحث‬
3.8- Research Strategy:
3.8.1- Research Philosophies (Positivism-
Interpretivism)
(‫الفلسفة التفسيرية‬-‫ الفلسفة الوضعية‬:‫)فلسفة البحث‬
-
 1-15

Basic Components of Dissertation/Thesis

Part Two :Methodological Framework of
Research (‫)اإلطار المنهجي للدراسة‬

◼Chapter 3: Research Methodology-Integrated

Framework: (‫ اإلطار المتكامل‬:‫)منهجية البحث‬
3.8- Research Strategy:
3.8.2 - Research Approaches (Deductive-
Inductive)
(‫المدخل االستقرائي‬-‫ المدخل االستنباطي‬:‫)مدخل البحث‬
 1-16

Basic Components of Dissertation/Thesis

Part Two :Methodological Framework of
Research (‫)اإلطار المنهجي للدراسة‬

◼Chapter 3: Research Methodology-Integrated

Framework: (‫ اإلطار المتكامل‬:‫)منهجية البحث‬
3.8- Research Strategy:
3.8.3- Research Type (Exploratory-Descriptive-
Explanatory or Causal Research)
‫بحوث‬-‫ بحوث وصفية‬-‫استكشافية‬/‫ بحوث استطالعية‬:‫(نوع البحث‬
)‫سببية‬/‫تحليلية‬
 1-17

Basic Components of Dissertation/Thesis

Part Two :Methodological Framework of
Research (‫)اإلطار المنهجي للدراسة‬
◼Chapter 3: Research Methodology-Integrated
Framework: (‫ اإلطار المتكامل‬:‫)منهجية البحث‬
3.8- Research Strategy:
3.8.4- Methodological Choice (Quantitative –
Qualitative-combining quantitative and qualitative
techniques);
3.8.5- Research Methods (Survey- Research Case
Study-Experiment-Grounded Theory- Archival
Research-Action Research)
 1-18

Basic Components of Dissertation/Thesis

Part Two :Methodological Framework of
Research (‫)اإلطار المنهجي للدراسة‬

◼Chapter 3: Research Methodology-Integrated

Framework: (‫ اإلطار المتكامل‬:‫)منهجية البحث‬
3.8- Research Strategy:
3.8.6-Time Horizons (Cross Sectional Studies-
Longitudinal Studies)
 1-19

Basic Components of Dissertation/Thesis

Part Two :Methodological Framework of
Research (‫)اإلطار المنهجي للدراسة‬

◼Chapter 3: Research Methodology-Integrated

Framework: (‫ اإلطار المتكامل‬:‫)منهجية البحث‬
3.8- Research Strategy:
3.8.7-Sampling Design (Target Population- Sampling
Technique- Sample Size)
3.8.8-The Credibility of Research Findings (Research
Measurements- Reliability-Validity)
3.8.9-Statistical /Analytical Techniques.
 1-20

Basic Components of Dissertation/Thesis

Part Three :Analytical Framework of
Research (‫)اإلطار التحليلي للبحث‬

◼Chapter 4: Data Analysis and

Hypotheses Testing
(‫)تحليل البيانات واختبار الفروض‬:
 1-21

Basic Components of Dissertation/Thesis

Part Three: Analytical Framework of
Research (‫)اإلطار التحليلي للبحث‬

◼Chapter 5: Conclusions and

Recommendations
(‫)النتائج والتوصيات‬
5.1- Discussion and Interpretation of the Findings;
5.2- Conclusions;
5.3- Research Recommendations;
5.4- Future Research
 1-22

Basic Components of Dissertation/Thesis

•References;
•Appendices.
 1-23

Research Proposal (Detailed Explanation):

*The Research Title/Topic
Qualities of "Good" Research Topic (Core Standards) :
◼ Originally: it is preferred to be new, unique, and different.
◼ Feasibility: getting access to the relevant literature and data
needed for the completion of the chosen research. Also,
Cost, time, and difficultie must be considered.
◼ Significance: the topic reflects theoretical importance and
practical importance.
◼ Effectiveness: the researcher has the possibility to find
answers to the potential research questions.
◼ Interesting and Attractive: the researcher must be interested
in the chosen research topic and the potential supervisor
must be interested in it as well.
 1-24

Research Proposal (Detailed Explanation):

*The Research Title/Topic
Qualities of "Good" Research Topic (Other Standards):

The research title or topic must consider:

◼ Global Trends;
◼ Employers’ Requirements;
◼ The Strategic Vision of Egypt 20/30;

The Research Topic or title must include (in case of

quantitative research):
◼ Research Variables (the independent, the dependent
variables and the mediator or/moderator variables, if any.
◼ The Field of Study or the application.
 Thesis Template (Main Components) 1-25

)‫نموذج رسالة الدكتوراة ( املكونات الرئيسية‬

Main Components ‫املكونات الرئيسية‬ ‫م‬

Research Title/Topic ‫موضوع البحث‬/‫عنوان‬
Index of Contents ‫فهرست املحتويات‬
List of Tables ‫قائمة الجداول‬
List of Figures ‫قائمة األشكال‬
Abstract ‫امللخص‬

Terminology ‫املصطلحات‬
Introduction ‫املقدمة‬
 Thesis Template (Main Components) 1-26

)‫نموذج رسالة الدكتوراة (املكونات الرئيسية‬

Main Components ‫املكونات الرئيسية‬ ‫م‬
Part 1: Theoretical Framework of Research: ‫للدراسة‬/‫ اإلطارالنظري للبحث‬:‫الجزء األول‬
Ch.1:Conceptual Background of the Study: :‫ اإلطاراملفاهيمي للدراسة‬:‫الفصل األول‬-
1.1- Concepts ‫التعاريف‬- 1.1
1.2- Models ‫النماذج‬- 1.2
1.3- Theories ‫النظريات‬- 1.3
Ch.2: Previous Studies ‫ الدراسات السابقة‬:‫ الفصل الثاني‬-
Part 2: Methodological Framework of Research: :‫للدراسة‬/‫ اإلطاراملنهجي للبحث‬:‫الجزء الثاني‬
Ch.3:Research Methodology-Integrated Framework ‫اإلطاراملتكامل‬-‫ منهجية البحث‬:‫الفصل الثالث‬-
Part 3: Analytical Framework of Research: :‫للدراسة‬/‫ اإلطارالتحليلي للبحث‬:‫الجزء الثالث‬
Ch. 4: Data Analysis and Hypotheses Testing ‫ تحليل البيانات واختبارالفروض‬:‫ الفصل الر ابع‬-
Ch.5: Conclusions and Recommendations: :‫ النتائج والتوصيات‬:‫ الفصل الخامس‬-
5.1Discussion and Interpretation of the Findings - ‫ مناقشة وتحليل النتائج‬-5.1
5.2- Main Research Conclusions ‫ النتائج الرئيسة للبحث‬- 5.2
5.3- Research Recommendations ‫ توصيات البحث‬-5.3
5.4- Future Research ‫ البحوث املستقبلية‬-5.4
References ‫املراجع‬
Appendices ‫املالحق‬
 1-27

Research Proposal
Proposed Research
Titles/Topics for DPA students
 1-28

The Research Title/Topic-Examples

(Leadership-Workplace Bullying)
1.The Impact of the Democratic Leadership on Employees Creativity: An
Applied Study on----------------------------
2.The Impact of the Servant Leadership on Employees Creativity: An
Applied Study on-----------------------------
3.The Impact of the participative Leadership on Employees Creativity: An
Applied Study on-------------------------------
4.The Impact of the Collaborative Leadership on Employees Creativity: An
Applied Study on-------------------------------
5.The Relationship Between Workplace Bullying and Job Withdrawal
Behaviors: An Applied Study on --------------------
6.The Relationship Between Workplace Bullying and Employees
Performance: An applied study on ----------------------------------------
7. The Relationship Between Workplace Bullying and Employees
Satisfaction: An applied study on ----------------------------------------
8. The Impact of Fintech on Financial Inclusion in State-Owned Banks in
Egypt.
 1-29

The Research Title/Topic-Examples

(Leadership)
9.The Impact of the Transformational Leadership on Employees Creativity:
An Applied Study on----------------------------
10. Impact OF Strategic Leadership on Strategy Implementation in ……..
11. The Impact of Strategic Leadership on Organizational Performance of --
12. The Impact of Digital Transformation on Job Performance in-----------
13. The Impact of Digital Transformation on Employees Satisfaction in----
14. The Impact of Digital Transformation on Customers Satisfaction in----
15. The Relationship between Transformational Leadership and Internal
Marketing: An Applied Study on---------------------------------
16. Towards Categorizing E-Government Services: The Case of Singapore
(Descriptive Research).
17. The Day-of-the-Week Effect on Return and Volatility in the -------------
Stock Markets.
18. The Relationship between Transformational Leadership and the
Facilitation of E-business Adoption
 The Research Title/Topic-Examples
1-30

(Leadership)
19. Transformational Leadership and Change Readiness: The Moderating
Role of Institutional Culture
20. The Impact of Transformational Leadership on Employees Satisfaction
in Egypt's State-Owned Banks: The Mediating Role of Gender
21.Servant leadership and organizational commitment: The mediating role
of organizational identification
22. A Comparative Study of Servant leadership and transformational
leadership (Descriptive Research)
23. Balancing Transactional and Transformational Leadership (Exploratory
Research- Using Qualitative Approach)
24. The Impact of Democratic Leadership on Employees' Work
Engagement: The Mediating Role of Person-Job Fit
25. The Relationship between Transformational leadership and Work
Attitudes: The Mediating Role of Social Identity
26. Impact of Transformational Leadership on Unit Performance
27. Impact of Servant Leadership on Organizational Commitment: The
 1-31

The Research Title/Topic-Examples

(Leadership-Knowledge Management-KM)
28. The Impact of Servant Leadership on Employee Sustainable
Performance: The Mediating Role of Organizational Citizenship Behavior
29. Transformational Leadership and Organizational Commitment: The
Mediating role of Leader-member Exchange
30. Transformational Leadership and organizational Citizenship Behavior:
The Moderating role of Emotional Intelligence
31. Emotional Intelligence and Servant Leadership: A Review of
Empirical Studies (Descriptive Research)
32. The Relationship between Transformational Leadership and knowledge
Sharing in--------
33. The Relationship between Transformational Leadership and knowledge
Sharing: The Mediating Role of Trust
34. The Impact of Tacit Knowledge Sharing on Employees' Empowerment
35. The Impact of Knowledge Sharing on Employees’ Creativity: The
Mediating Role of Perceived Organizational Support
 1-32

The Research Title/Topic-Examples

(KM- Corporate Governance)
36. The Effect of Knowledge Sharing on Job Autonomy
37. Challenges Facing Knowledge Sharing in the Health Care Sector in Egypt
(Descriptive Research)
38. Impact of Internal Corporate Governance Mechanisms on Firm
Performance in ------
39. Impact of Internal Corporate Governance Mechanisms on Job
Performance in ------
40. Impact of Internal Corporate Governance Mechanisms on Employees’
Creativity ------
41. Impact of Internal Corporate Governance Mechanisms on Employees’
Empowerment
42. Impact of Internal Corporate Governance Mechanisms on Organizational
Commitment
43. Impact of Internal Corporate Governance Mechanisms on Work
Attitudes
44. The Relationship between Adopting Internal Corporate Governance
 The Research Title/Topic-Examples 1-33

(Corporate Governance)
45. The Relationship between Adopting Internal Corporate Governance
Mechanisms and Administrative Corruption
46. The Relationship between Corporate Governance and Managerial
Succession in Family Business in Egypt
47. The Relationship between Adopting Internal Corporate Governance
Mechanisms and Knowledge Creation in Egypt’s Government Universities
48. The Relationship between Adopting Internal Corporate Governance
Mechanisms and Knowledge Sharing in Egypt’s Government Universities
49. The Relationship between Adopting Internal Corporate Governance
Mechanisms and Knowledge Creation in Egypt’s Private Universities
50. The Relationship between Adopting Internal Corporate Governance
Mechanisms and Knowledge Sharing in Egypt’s Private Universities
51. The Relationship Between Transformational Leadership and Readiness
for Change: An Applies Study on -------------------------------------------------
52. Female Leadership in Multinational Corporations in UK (Descriptive);
53. Corporate Governance Mechanisms Adopted in Egyptian State-Owned
Banks (Exploratory and Descriptive).
1-34
 The Research Title/Topic-Examples 1-35

(Corporate Governance)
-----------------‫ بالتطبيق على‬:‫ تأثير مشاركة املعرفة على البراعة التنظيمية‬-54
--------------- ‫ بالتطبيق على‬:‫ تأثير االستغراق الوظيفي على االبداع اإلداري‬-55
‫ الدور الوسيط لإلبداع اإلداري في العالقة بين مشاركة املعرفة والبراعة‬-56
---------------------------------------------------------- ‫ بالتطبيق على‬:‫التنظيمية‬
57.The Impact of Psychological Empowerment on Employee Creativity:
An Empirical Study on----------------------------------------------
58. The Relationship between Rewards and Employee Creativity: An
Empirical Study on ---------------------------------------------------------------
59. The Relationship between Passion and Entrepreneurship: An
Empirical Study on------------------------------------------------------------
60. The Impact of Passion on Job Creativity: An Empirical Study on---
 1-36

*Abstract
The “Good Abstract” is focused on (Not required for
the Research Proposal):
◼ Research Purpose (it refers to the gap in literature along
with the main Research Purpose or the main research
objectives).
◼ Design/Methodology/Approach (it refers to the research
method used, the sample size or the number of
questionnaires allocated to .......... or the number of
interviews conducted with........, and the statistical
techniques conducted).
◼ Main Findings/results/ conclusions.
◼ Implications (it refers to the Academic and Practical
contributions,
◼ Originality/Value (it refers to what makes this study is
unique or different).
Research Proposal (Detailed Explanation):
1-37

1- Introduction includes:
-This is an important part of your research proposal.
It should highlight that the research you are planning
is worth the effort.
-In this section you will demonstrate your knowledge
of the relevant literature in short.
-Moreover, it will clarify where your research proposal
fits into the debate in the literature. In short, the
literature should be your point of departure.
- This differs from literature review you will present in
your final report. It will just provide an overview of
the key literature sources you will depend on.