Important Questions for Electronics (Semester III)
1. Number System & Codes, Logic Gates and Boolean Algebra, Digital Logic
Families
• Explain the different number systems: Decimal, Binary, Hexadecimal, and Octal.
• Describe base conversions between number systems with examples.
• What is BCD representation? Explain its significance.
• How does arithmetic signed and complement representation work in binary?
• Explain addition and subtraction using the complement method.
• Describe the basic postulates and theorems of Boolean algebra.
• How are logic gates used in digital circuits? Explain with truth tables.
• Explain universal gates (NAND & NOR) and their implementations.
• Describe the different digital logic families and their characteristics.
2. Combinational Logic Analysis and Design
• What is the Standard Representation of Logic Functions (SOP and POS)?
• Explain Karnaugh Map (K-Map) and how it is used for simplification.
• Describe the working of an Encoder and Decoder with circuit diagrams.
• What is a Multiplexer? How can it be used to implement logic functions?
• Explain the working of a Binary Adder (Half Adder and Full Adder).
• Describe the function of a Binary Subtractor (Half and Full).
• How does a Parallel Adder/Subtractor work?
• Explain the working principle of a Comparator and its applications.
3. Sequential Logic Design, Programmable Logic Devices, and Memory
• Explain the working of SR, D, and JK Flip-Flops.
• Differentiate between Level Triggered and Edge Triggered Flip-Flops.
• What are Preset and Clear operations in Flip-Flops?
• Describe Race-around conditions in JK Flip-Flops and how to eliminate them.
• What is a Master-Slave JK Flip-Flop? How does it work?
• Explain the different types of Shift Registers and their applications.
• Describe different types of Counters: Ring Counter, Asynchronous, Synchronous.
• What are Programmable Logic Devices? Explain ROM, PLA, and PAL.
• Explain different types of memory: Volatile and Non-Volatile.
• Differentiate between ROM, PROM, EPROM, and EEPROM.
• Explain Flash Memory and its significance.
• What are Primary, Secondary, and Cache memory? How do they differ?
4. Conversion Techniques between Analog and Digital Signals
• What are the parameters of conversion: Accuracy and Resolution?
• Explain different D-A conversion techniques such as 4-bit binary weighted resistor and R-
2R.
• What are the different A-D conversion methods? Explain Ramp Type and Successive
Approximation.
• How does an Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) work?
• Explain the working of a Digital-to-Analog Converter (DAC) with examples.
5. Linear Integrated Devices
• Explain the structure and working of a 555 Timer in monostable and astable modes.
• How is a 555 Timer used as an oscillator?
• Describe the function of a 555 Timer as a Voltage-Controlled Oscillator (VCO).
• What is a Schmitt Trigger? How does it work?
• Explain different applications of a 555 Timer in electronics.