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Chapter 1

Chapter 1 discusses India's geographical size and location, highlighting its latitudinal and longitudinal extensions, which affect climate and time zones. India experiences a tropical climate in the south and a sub-tropical climate in the north, with a standard meridian of 82°30' East for uniform time. The chapter also notes India's central position in the Indian Ocean, facilitating trade with various regions.

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Arpan Sen
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84 views2 pages

Chapter 1

Chapter 1 discusses India's geographical size and location, highlighting its latitudinal and longitudinal extensions, which affect climate and time zones. India experiences a tropical climate in the south and a sub-tropical climate in the north, with a standard meridian of 82°30' East for uniform time. The chapter also notes India's central position in the Indian Ocean, facilitating trade with various regions.

Uploaded by

Arpan Sen
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Chapter -1

India Size and location

Implications of the latitudinal extension of India:

➢ India is located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere.


➢ The Tropic of Cancer divides the country into two equal halves.
➢ The part lying to the North of it experiences a Sub-Tropical climate.
➢ The part to the South of it experiences a Tropical climate.
➢ Influences the length of day and night.

Implications of the longitudinal extension of India


➢ India lies entirely in the Eastern Hemisphere.
➢ There is a time lag of 2 hrs between the eastern most and western most
part of the country.

Standard meridian of India:


➢ 82◦30⸍ East as our I.S.T. (Indian Standard time)
➢ Local time is the time of a particular meridian. India has a longitudinal
extent of (68◦7⸍E to 97◦25⸍E) 30◦ hence local time differs in
different longitudes.
➢ In order to bring about a uniformity a Standard Meridian has been
chosen.
➢ 82◦30⸍E passes almost through the middle of the country.
(Shankhagarh Fort in Mirzapur, near Allahabad)
➢ It is perfectly divisible by 7◦30⸍. (According to international convention)
pg. 1
East-West extent of India smaller than North-
South extent:
➢ The distance between the parallels of latitude is the same(111km) but the
meridians of longitude meet at the poles.
➢ The distance between the lines of longitude diminishes from equator to
poles as meridians bisects equator at right angles and taper from equator
to pole.
➢ Hence the E-W (meridional distance) extent is 2933km and the N-S
Extent (distance between two parallels) is 3214km which is larger.

Duration of Day & Night between N&S India:

➢ Kanyakumari (8◦4⸍N) is located in the southernmost tip of India close


to the equator. Seasonal changes are not experienced hence length of
day and night do not vary. (Equable climate).
➢ Kashmir is located in the northern most part of India far away from
the equator. Hence the duration of day and night varies according to
seasons.

Central location of India in the Indian Ocean:


➢ Due to the peninsula shape and long coastline India had trade relations
with countries of S. & S.E. Asia and west Asian countries.
➢ Suez Canal reduced the distance between India and Europe.
➢ With the Cape of Good Hope route India connected with the American
countries.

pg. 2

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