JDBC in JAVA
Why Should We Use JDBC
Before JDBC, ODBC API was the database API to connect and execute the query with
the database. But, ODBC API uses ODBC driver which is written in C language (i.e.
platform dependent and unsecured). That is why Java has defined its own API (JDBC
API) that uses JDBC drivers (written in Java language).
We can use JDBC API to handle database using Java program and can perform the
following activities:
1. Connect to the database
2. Execute queries and update statements to the database
3. Retrieve the result received from the database.
Java JDBC Tutorial
JDBC stands for Java Database Connectivity. JDBC is a Java API to connect and execute
the query with the database. It is a part of JavaSE (Java Standard Edition). JDBC API
uses JDBC drivers to connect with the database. There are four types of JDBC drivers:
o JDBC-ODBC Bridge Driver,
o Native Driver,
o Network Protocol Driver, and
o Thin Driver
1) JDBC-ODBC bridge driver
The JDBC-ODBC bridge driver uses ODBC driver to connect to the database. The JDBC-ODBC bridge driver
converts JDB
C
method calls into the ODBC function calls. This is now discouraged because of thin driver.
Advantages:
o easy to use.
o can be easily connected to any database.
Disadvantages:
o Performance degraded because JDBC method call is converted into the ODBC function
calls.
o The ODBC driver needs to be installed on the client machine.
2) Native-API driver
The Native API driver uses the client-side libraries of the database. The driver converts JDBC method calls
into native calls of the database API. It is not written entirely in java.
Advantage:
o performance upgraded than JDBC-ODBC bridge driver.
Disadvantage:
o The Native driver needs to be installed on each client machine.
o The Vendor client library needs to be installed on client machine.
3) Network Protocol driver
The Network Protocol driver uses middleware (application server) that converts JDBC
calls directly or indirectly into the vendor-specific database protocol. It is fully written
in java.
Advantage:
o No client side library is required because of application server that can perform many
tasks like auditing, load balancing, logging etc.
Disadvantages:
o Network support is required on client machine.
o Requires database-specific coding to be done in the middle tier.
o Maintenance of Network Protocol driver becomes costly because it requires database-
specific coding to be done in the middle tier.
4) Thin driver
The thin driver converts JDBC calls directly into the vendor-specific database protocol. That is why it is
known as thin driver. It is fully written in Java language.
Advantage:
o Better performance than all other drivers.
o No software is required at client side or server side.
Disadvantage:
o Drivers depend on the Database.
Java Database Connectivity with 5 Steps
There are 5 steps to connect any java application with the database using JDBC.
These steps are as follows:
o Register the Driver class
o Create connection
o Create statement
o Execute queries
o Close connection
1) Register the driver class
The forName() method of Class class is used to register the driver class. This method is used to dynamically
load the driver class.
Syntax of forName() method
public static void forName(String className)throws ClassNotFoundException
Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver");
2) Create the connection object
The getConnection() method of DriverManager class is used to establish connection with the database.
Syntax of getConnection() method
1) public static Connection getConnection(String url)throws SQLException
2) public static Connection getConnection(String url,String name,String password)
throws SQLException
Example to establish connection with the Oracle
database
Connection con=DriverManager.getConnection(
"jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe","system","password");
3) Create the Statement object
The createStatement() method of Connection interface is used to create statement. The object of statement
is responsible to execute queries with the database.
Syntax of createStatement() method
public Statement createStatement()throws SQLException
Example to create the statement object
Statement stmt=con.createStatement();
4) Execute the query
The executeQuery() method of Statement interface is used to execute queries to the database. This method
returns the object of ResultSet that can be used to get all the records of a table.
Syntax of executeQuery() method
public ResultSet executeQuery(String sql)throws SQLException
Example to execute query
ResultSet rs=stmt.executeQuery("select * from emp");
while(rs.next())
{
System.out.println(rs.getInt(1)+" "+rs.getString(2));
}
5) Close the connection object
By closing connection object statement and ResultSet will be closed automatically. The close() method of
Connection interface is used to close the connection.
Syntax of close() method
public void close()throws SQLException
STEPS
1. Driver class: The driver class for the oracle database
is oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver.
2. Connection URL: The connection URL for the oracle10G database
is jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe where jdbc is the API, oracle is the
database, thin is the driver, localhost is the server name on which oracle is
running, we may also use IP address, 1521 is the port number and XE is the
Oracle service name. You may get all these information from the tnsnames.ora
file.
3. Username: The default username for the oracle database is system.
4. Password: It is the password given by the user at the time of installing the
oracle database.
Example to Connect Java Application with Oracle
database
import java.sql.*;
class OracleCon
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
try
{
//step1 load the driver class
Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver");
//step2 create the connection object
Connection con=DriverManager.getConnection(
"jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe","system","oracle");
//step3 create the statement object
Statement stmt=con.createStatement();
//step4 execute query
ResultSet rs=stmt.executeQuery("select * from emp");
while(rs.next())
System.out.println(rs.getInt(1)+" "+rs.getString(2)+" "+rs.getString(3));
//step5 close the connection object
con.close();
}catch(Exception e)
{
System.out.println(e);
}
}
}
