Practical No.
TITLE : Program to map two lists into a dictionary.
Problem Description : The program takes two lists and maps two lists into a dictionary.
Theory / Analysis
Dictionary
Dictionaries are used to store data values in key:value pairs.
A dictionary is a collection which is ordered*, changeable and do not allow duplicates.
As of Python version 3.7, dictionaries are ordered. In Python 3.6 and earlier, dictionaries are
unordered.
Dictionaries are written with curly brackets, and have keys and values:
Example
Create and print a dictionary:
thisdict = {
"brand": "Ford",
"model": "Mustang",
"year": 1964
print(thisdict)
Dictionary Items
Dictionary items are ordered, changeable, and does not allow duplicates.
Dictionary items are presented in key:value pairs, and can be referred to by using the key name.
Example
Print the "brand" value of the dictionary:
thisdict = {
"brand": "Ford",
"model": "Mustang",
"year": 1964
print(thisdict["brand"])
Accessing Items
You can access the items of a dictionary by referring to its key name, inside square brackets:
Example
Get the value of the "model" key:
thisdict = {
"brand": "Ford",
"model": "Mustang",
"year": 1964
x = thisdict["model"]
There is also a method called get() that will give you the same result:
Example
Get the value of the "model" key:
x = thisdict.get("model")
Get Keys
The keys() method will return a list of all the keys in the dictionary.
Example
Get a list of the keys:
x = thisdict.keys()
Change Values
You can change the value of a specific item by referring to its key name:
Example
Change the "year" to 2018:
thisdict = {
"brand": "Ford",
"model": "Mustang",
"year": 1964
thisdict["year"] = 2018
Adding Items
Adding an item to the dictionary is done by using a new index key and assigning a value to it:
Example
thisdict = {
"brand": "Ford",
"model": "Mustang",
"year": 1964
thisdict["color"] = "red"
print(thisdict)
Loop Through a Dictionary
You can loop through a dictionary by using a for loop.
When looping through a dictionary, the return value are the keys of the dictionary, but there are
methods to return the values as well.
Example
Print all key names in the dictionary, one by one:
for x in thisdict:
print(x)
Example
Print all values in the dictionary, one by one:
for x in thisdict:
print(thisdict[x])
Copy a Dictionary
You cannot copy a dictionary simply by typing dict2 = dict1, because: dict2 will only be a
reference to dict1, and changes made in dict1 will automatically also be made in dict2.
There are ways to make a copy, one way is to use the built-in Dictionary method copy().
Example
Make a copy of a dictionary with the copy() method:
thisdict = {
"brand": "Ford",
"model": "Mustang",
"year": 1964
mydict = thisdict.copy()
print(mydict)
Dictionary Methods
Python has a set of built-in methods that you can use on dictionaries.
Method Description
clear() Removes all the elements from the dictionary
copy() Returns a copy of the dictionary
fromkeys() Returns a dictionary with the specified keys and value
get() Returns the value of the specified key
items() Returns a list containing a tuple for each key value pair
keys() Returns a list containing the dictionary's keys
pop() Removes the element with the specified key
popitem() Removes the last inserted key-value pair
setdefault() Returns the value of the specified key. If the key does not exist: insert the key, with
the specified value
update() Updates the dictionary with the specified key-value pairs
values() Returns a list of all the values in the dictionary
Python dict() Function
Example
Create a dictionary containing personal information:
x = dict(name = "John", age = 36, country = "Norway")
Program to map two lists into a dictionary.
1. Declare two empty lists and initialize them to an empty list.
3. Consider a for loop to accept values for the two lists.
4. Take the number of elements in the list and store it in a variable.
5. Accept the values into the list using another for loop and insert into the list.
6. Repeat 4 and 5 for the values list also.
7. Zip the two lists and use dict() to convert it into a dictionary.
8. Print the dictionary.
9. Exit.
Program
keys=[]
values=[]
n=int(input("Enter number of elements for dictionary:"))
print("For keys:")
for x in range(0,n):
element=int(input("Enter element" + str(x+1) + ":"))
keys.append(element)
print("For values:")
for x in range(0,n):
element=int(input("Enter element" + str(x+1) + ":"))
values.append(element)
d=dict(zip(keys,values))
print("The dictionary is:")
print(d)
Runtime Test Cases
Case 1:
Enter number of elements for dictionary:3
For keys:
Enter element1:1
Enter element2:2
Enter element3:3
For values:
Enter element1:1
Enter element2:4
Enter element3:9
The dictionary is:
{1: 1, 2: 4, 3: 9}
Case 2:
Enter number of elements for dictionary:2
For keys:
Enter element1:23
Enter element2:46
For values:
Enter element1:69
Enter element2:138
The dictionary is:
{46: 138, 23: 69}
