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Probability + Stats Notes

The document provides an overview of probability theory, defining key concepts such as random experiments, sample space, events, and types of events including sure, impossible, independent, mutually exclusive, dependent, exhaustive, and equally likely events. It explains the mathematical representation of probability and includes examples related to events in games and experiments. Additionally, it discusses the calculations of probabilities in various scenarios, including coin tosses and dice rolls.

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30 views49 pages

Probability + Stats Notes

The document provides an overview of probability theory, defining key concepts such as random experiments, sample space, events, and types of events including sure, impossible, independent, mutually exclusive, dependent, exhaustive, and equally likely events. It explains the mathematical representation of probability and includes examples related to events in games and experiments. Additionally, it discusses the calculations of probabilities in various scenarios, including coin tosses and dice rolls.

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deccan.youtag
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© © All Rights Reserved
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PROBABILITY Probability | The measure of uncertainty is called the theory of probability. In simple words, the | chances of happening or not happening of an event is known as probability | safiiraren a are at rte ar Fregtt ewer sar Gh eet Wet H, fare wea ab aT aT | Ba at dere at wear Bea Yara sat 21 i| P(E = Numberof favourable outcomes! | Number of possible outcomes | Clr ests poster Ere | | i| | eet acd | eee Tees eet i] Random Experiment: Random experiment means all the outcomes of the experiment are known in advance, but any specific outcome of the experiment is not known in | advance, ciiees weitt: arfieeer weit ar ate & fis wat S wel ahore wad 8 aa &, Aes we & feet fetfte aioe ar ect B war wT 2 Sample Space: The set of all possible outcomes of an experiment is called sample space and In general denoted by the letter S. In other words, the total number of trials is called Sample Space. | witert waite: feet weitt & ait center after & aqera at uftadt waite wet orate ate Fe area wr 8 ota one Prete fara wren 81 gat wet 8, often at ae em at | uiraet ante set & i | | | | EVENT: An outcome of a random experiment is called an event. In\other words, an | event is something that happens. Ter: Ue ante ar waht & aftr at wer wer eT Ha Bi RT wel A, we ea wap ales ht tr | Types of event | Sure Event: If the probability of an event = 1; the event is called a certain event or a | sure event, ‘rivera west: afe fare wear at dares = 1; wear at wee fafverr gear ar ue fairer Weal wet Ta e Impossible event: If the Probability of an event = 0; the event is called an impossible | event. | omiwa wear: af fadt went at dearest = 0 ; Feat at wa ative wea wer ora FI Note: Probability of any event can never be less than 0 or more than 1. If E be any event, then: {| [O 0 {c) P(A) + P(B)=1 (d) P(A) + P(B) = 0 | sow ©) FAD + PH)=1 Ans | 8. if probability of happening of an event 4 SNORE. What will be the probability of not || | happening of the event A? aig feet wet A HO at wire 0.46 fae A Sa we at wera en ah? (a) 0.46, (b) 0.54 (c) 0.44 (d) 0.64 Sou PE) + PCE) =) | O46 + P(EJ=1 | eH) = 190046 | ] | ! CW'S Ans | | | | | | 9. Ina T'match between Geeta and Ritu, the probability of the winning of Ritu is 0.73. | | Find the probability of winning of Geeta:/sitm aft fq @ ata wa TT aH, fig & iat | i waftemar 0.73 di silat at sie et uneeraT ara wife : | | {a) 0.27 (b) 0.37 () 0.73 (a) 0.72 1! ! gon Winnin robability of Ritu £ Geeta 4 i 1s a P Be] 4 | i! R 4G \| W> 0.43 + Gel Gz 0.2% (Wenning probability of Geeta)| In a race between Mahesh and John, the probability that John will lose the race is 0.54. Find the probability of winning of john: wee sik aia & aha ue dhe, 8 sim tte aR Som gaat orf 0.54 oi Gira at site at sofort ara aif: {a) 0.48 (b) 0.54 {c) 0.46 (a) 0.56 Winning possibility of John > 1 — losing probability = loreal) = 0.46 Ans ‘Two players, Sangeeta and Reshma, play a tennis match. It is known that the probability || of Sangeeta winning the match is 0.62. What is the probability of Reshma winning the || match? fat Pires after site tere wa 2Pra ea Gerd f aetar Baa set at wewaT 062 & tern & ter stat at wrPerewar ser 8? | (a) 0.28 (b) 0.38 {c) 0.42 (d) 0.48 | Reshma's Probability of winning match = \~ winning of Sangeeta | | = euonem: | > 0.38 Ans, | | The probability that-two boys do not have the same birthday is 0.897. What is the || none that the'two boys have the same birthday? ERE Wee EC A mre 077 8 Pe eget ar waren we et fet et? (a) 0.879 (b) 0.107 (c) 0.103 (d) 0.203 PE) + ee- 1 | P(E) + 0-897 =1 | P(E)= 1- 0.899 | = 0.103 Ans, # let Ram & Mohan participating in a Race, the Probatitily | of winning races by Ram ie 3/10. I } R mM Brat Ram ys, 3 fs *. Sant Ram & strat) L&R of “10 10 as ibility EPAE | | possibility Etre fee ey | Bo te Sy Batt Mohan as | ues Le 3 a f shell (tee Be 16 tial | | possibility | | er Wo 43 + | | feu gar £ i Hy 1 1 i| | Type - 02 | (Coin Based) | | | j } | | | i When one coin is tossed then | S={H, T} | | || | | | | S={H H, 7 T, When two coins are tossed once or one coin is tossed twice then Hd ©) BE @@ 06 86 GO rr ~ —_ ‘COIN BASED : Sty L Zz ‘When three coins are tossed once or one coin is tossed thrice than S = {HHH, TTT, HTT, THT, TTH, THH, HTH, HHT} When four coins are tossed once or one coin is tossed four times then S = {HHHH, | TITT, HITT, THTT, TTHT, TITH, HHHT, HHTH, HTHH, THHH, HTHT, THTH, TTHH, HHTT, || THHT, HTH). 1 coin 2 coin 3 coin 4 coin v v v 2 2x2=4 2x2x2=8 2x2x2x2016 outcomes outcomes outcomes outcomes Coin is tossed once. Find the probability of” faaan Ue an sore wre 81 at wifaeRaT wre aif S={H, T} ttingatail= getting a tail not gettingatail= }- 1 - 1. 9 van s remus 2.When two coins are tossed then probability of getting. S={HH,TT,HT,T H} aes Two Heads = a Two Tails = ale 4 OneHead= 2 = q When two coins are tossed then probability of getting. S={HH,1T,HT,T H} At least one Tail = /am & at UH Tail = 3 fy At most one Head =/sifirs @ siftts WH Head = 3/y At most one Tail =/siftrm @ orfirs WH Tail = 3)y Acoin is tossed 3 times. The probability of getting a head and a tail alternately is: oS cee ee rest aye Wel ee eee ee oer) | 1 1 a 3 faa (b) 5 (5 (5 HHH, TTT, HTT, THT, TTH, THH, HTH, HHT} 2s ke hy = + Ans 3 If 3 coins are tossed simultaneously then find the Probability of getting: $= {HHH, TTT, HTT, THT, TTH, THH, HTH, HHT} 3Heads= 1 3 3Tal= 2Head= 3. g ae a Hf 3 coins are tossed simultaneously then find the Probability of getting: $= {HHH, TTT, HTT, THT, TTH, THH, HTH, HHT} At least 2 Heads/am & aH Zt Heads = + = At least 2 tail/ #4 @ #A a Tail = fg > \j5. At most two heads/stfire @ arfirs St Heads= 7 _ g At most two tails/atfires ® srftre at Tail = a 8 If 3 coins are tossed simultaneously then find the Probability of getting: S={HHH, TOG HTD, THT, TTH, THH, HTH, HHT} At least one head/aa & @ we head = ae, g At least one tail/an & HA UH tail= + 2 At most one head/2tftrar @ aifirs WH head = If 3 coins are tossed simultaneously then find the Probability of getting: S = {HHH, TTT, HTT, THT, TTH, THH, HTH, HHT} > Probability of getting at least i} Sol? At most 1 tail/aiftrs & sifirs we tail At least one head and one tail/am & @a wa head sit TH tail = . No tails/aitg tails #ét + No heads/aig headset = 1 B =4 BS it z Dinesh tossed a coin three times, if the third toss gets head what is the probability of | getting at least one more head? fei we fear aim ar sare z, Re at ar sore we fo ona ea BR ait faa art at wifaenat ear &? oF (oz 1 5 $= {HHH, TTT, HTT, THT, TTH, THH, HTH, HHT} “ fawn, ii ve HTT, THT, a4 | ee at, HH, WH, HAT) * Total gutcome one more Head= 3_ qy Type - 03 (Dice Based) PROBABILITY oss fecletale » (DICE BASED) When a dice is thrown once then S={1,2,3,4,5,6} Lo Je “lee Cesletale 8 (DICE BASED) S= (1,4), (4 2hG,3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6) (2, 1), (2p2)(2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6) (3, 1518, 2); (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6) (4p2),14, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6) (5,1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6) (©, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6) n(S)=6x6=36 (DICE BASED) n(S)=6 1 When a dice Is thrown twice or two dice are thrown once then [+ Je “lee Cecletale © | 1. When a dice is thrown once then S$ = 1, 2, 3, 4,5, 6, n(S)=6 When a dice is thrown twice or two dice are thrown once then S= (1, 4), (4, 2), (2, 3), (1, 4), (2, 5), (1, 6) (2, 4), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6) (3, 4), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6) (4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6) (5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6) (6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6) n(S)= 6x 6=36 When a dice is thrown thrice or three dice are thrown once then, n(S)=6x6x6=216 Hfa dice is thrown then the probability of getting S={1, 2,3, 4,5, 6,} 1. Evenno.s 3 2 4 6 a 2, Oddno.= 2 2 1 6 2 3. Primeno.= 2, 3, 5 23/6 oir 4. No. multiple of 3= 3, 6 =Of¢ = 3 5. No.Morethan3= 4, 5, 6 =3/¢ = V2 6. No,lessthan3= 1, 2 = 2g = 1/3 7. No.Lessthan4= 4,5,6 2 ~ Ia du 8. No.LessthanS= §,¢ “+. {Ja Be 9. No.Morethan4= |. 5 a wie ih If two dice are thrown simultaneously then the probability of getting | cafe at ard wm arr BS wrt F at wre wey at eee wet t? 1) 3.as the sum = (+2), Qt) Two possibility | aoe oh 3¢ 18 Ans. same no. on both dice (a doublet) = (1,1) (2,2) (3,3) (4,4) (5,59.(6,6) = Sige = Ne ins, the sum asa prime number = Prime no. Posstble way 2 =5 1 a = - Py abr = | 15 possibitety t— ios = So 15/36. Ans Atotalofatleast10= sum wayd to Ff us 2 | 6 possibiti 2 4) ‘9 3 6(/3¢= 1/6 Ans doublet of even number. 2,2) (4,4) C6, 6) ways 2 3/36= 'fir Ans. Waa aa0, 5.6 |e > | (2, Ah (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6) ae | 82, 8,2,2,3,84,0,5,86 | 2 (4,3), (4,2), (4,3) (4.4 45,46) | 3 > | 5.4,65,21,(5,31,(5.4,(5,515,6) | a9 > | (6,3), 6,2), (6.3), (6,4,(6,5),(66) [a2 > ee | 3. Apair of dice is thrown. Find the probability of getting a sum of 10 or more, if 5 appears | onthe first dice./arait ar war sitgr Wet wet dt ae weet wa we s arene, at ait 10 aT | Sser SS aes @ ) 5 ta § (a) 3 | Sol? Space = 6> = 36 (Total outcome, Gi) ©&D 63) (54) G&S) 6) x Two Ways gives the sum of atleast jo S747 2 - ‘ me Ans. x x x - uv Be | | (1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (4, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6) [Sum > Possibility | | a = 1 (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6) 3 > 2 a4 3 (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3,6), Sie oe }6 > 5 | 7 3 6 || (4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6) | ae ei }o = 4 (5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4),(595), (5, 6) |i = 3 | ja + 2 | (6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3)/{6¥4), (6, 5), (6, 6) 1a_pp | i 1} 4. Twodice aré(rolled together. Find the probability of getting a multiple of 2 on one die || and an oddinumber of on the other die: wie yee ane BS a A Ge TR we 2 ww ae get we we fee om ore we | | at wifaenet ara attra: i ) + oz a4 | | i | Sov Two dice are thrown at the same tine, Find the probal that the sum of the two numbers appearing on the top of the dice is 13:/ua et waa W at wa a wa Fi Fa TT \ Sen Se ee 13: 3 () 3 as (0 6*= 36 (outcome) | 2 Maximum sum of two dice can be = 12 So (3 is an impossible event - 3 0 Ans Two dice are rolled together. Find the probability that the sum of the numbers on the upper-most faces of two dice is between 5 and 8./at Wet WH wa gard we ft Tnftenat ara atta fir at ordi SB wad salt weet we eens ar art s ait s & she gi @) = ® 3 to 2 @Z 12 18 36 36 2 67= 36 (Total outcome) Sum could be= 6, # byt | aye - were possible Ans | So> | 36 | When two dice’are rolled together, what is the probability that the sum of the num- bers on the twodice is 92/aa@ at art @t we wre saren wre &, at gaat sar dar F | fe a ret ae demi ar att 9 2? i tz 3% ta as | 4 ways possible. to get a sum of 9 S—> Caen Black Cards (26) ‘aia ard (26) ‘wet ard (26) Heart (13) Diamond (13) Spade (13) Chub (13) Be (13) ‘fag (13) [Bach suit contains 1 ace, 1 king, 1 aught ont (12) [1 Queen, 1 jack and nine number; | cards 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 | vata vere HH, 1 Fear, 1 wee, 1 1 None face card 40 seat ard (40) v ‘96 Number cards + 4 aces 36 ton wt + 4 ge nt et ad fe al v Number cards Faces cards CRY Ledede dedsaonint ? rE if eh e| ° + lee) ood ood 12 SOME IMPORTANT FIGURES IN CARDS ad # ap meet sas Total cards = 52 Red cards = 26 Black cards = 26 Heart cards (ara) = 13 Diamond cards (#2) = 13 Spade cards (g—4) = 13 Club cards (fergi) = 13 eee erece Total king = 4 Red king = 2 Black king =2 Total Jack =4 Red Jack =2 Black Jack =2 Total queen =4 Red queen =2 Black queen = 2 A card is drawn from a well shuffled pack of 52 cards. Find the probability that the card drawn is:/s2 Wit at oreat ae Wet ag west HS Ue war Preven wre owe aie aif fas freren ser are &: © Blackeard= 26° wre WAT ae © Cardofjack= _4 7m a © Redking= 2 wet ara | 2 © Cardofspade= 13 wea | be © Black jack = 2 art yet 52 A card is.drawn from a well shuffled pack of 52 cards. Find the probability that the card drawn is:/s2 wet at arest are Get aE meet FS UH wer aren weet ti weet ate wifey fee Preren wer arg @: © Cardofheart= 13 Ot @r ver 7% * CardofAce= 4 yeaa | 52 © Cardofking=s 4 Total Ace =4 Red Ace =2 Black Ace =2 areas se e = Red card = 2¢ wre TT ik © Redjack= 2 © Blackking= — _2. * Cardofqueen= 1 &: mea yer wret ages | 2 ay ar OAT . Card of diamont = domo y ae 52 * Redqueen= _2_ Are WAT 52 © Cardofclub= 13 fat atwa | 5? *° BlackAce= _2_ aren geet Black queen= _2_ wre WaT Sa. A card is drawn from a well shuffled pack of 52 cards. Find the probability that the | card drawn is:/s2 Wet at onat are Wet wg west FS cH we Paren wre #1 frat | aia afer fas Preven tar ard &: © Notaredcard= 26 vant wet et Oe 2 Ars © Nota heart card = 52- Wr at am at * Notaace Feet ot vet at pa-4 = 48 Lh 52 3 A card with fumber less than 8 = 8 8 am eT aT TAT | Ged (2,3.4,5,6,3 = = ath o Je s2” 13 239 & tte ao | A card with number between 2 and 9 = pe — 34,5, 64-8 > ¢x4y= 24 _ 6 52 \3 Either a black card or a king = I} a at We rer WaT a UH ara | Black card + king || = 26+ 2king Bo 9 ee | 52 (41S | A card is drawn from a well shuffled pack of 52 cards. Find the probability that the card drawn is:/52 ati orate ete ENTS sae me Teen Ne ATT | wie afer fae franen war are &: sa" © Nota face card © Spade or an Ace arent at wat et Ter a oT Ten Bee 52-12 (343 se, ) S2 ~ I} =MYo , le 3 | ga” 13) | i ¢ Nota black face card © Neither an ace nor a king | aren aT UAT et Wat gear aie a at ore TC~ R. face card 52-444 {| Si-¢= ue oe = Sy uP sz 26 52 13 © Sof heart or diamont * Neither a red card nor a queen UM a Tat Ss sag wet om a ad oe a 52-@6+2) 52 826 ¢ = 39. . &. 52 1a Ans | Seven cards: the eight, the nine, the ten, jack, queen, king and ace of diamonds are | well shuffled. One card is then picked up at random. If the king is drawn and put aside, | what is the probability that the second card picked up is an ace?: at and: ge & ater, ot, ca, aera, wh, wor sie gaat orett are 8 RE me Pl oe ae fer aighos wo 8 sore wre ti ate araere at Premen one @ sit we ae va fear are @, tt gaat gar wfeemer & fee Geer ve sore seat $ at gaan BI? 5 a3 2 Og (oF | Cards we have » 8,49,107, Qk ,4 POAY= ng gor Sov” From a pack of 52 playing cards, all cards whose numbers are multiples of 3 are removed. A card is now drawn ar random. What is the probability that the card drawn is: an even numbered red card?/s2 amt @ wet at wm west FS a ast are Fraret far wre ¢ frat der 3} yore ti us ae ara aghtos wo & franen wre #1 gaat war Rhea Dieta eae tt ve (a) we we i Removed card = Multiple of 3 | | } | | Red po 3 36,4 | fe Bend 12 Cards removed | eae 3,6,4 | © 3,64 | | Rematning cards | Red PD — 2:4,6,8 ve C, Be a Bred even’ dare Blackie yee even card not included 2a S/o = 1/5 Ans. All the three face cards of spade are removed from a well-shuffled pack 52 cards. A | card is then drawn at random from the remaining pack. Find the probability of getting | a black face card:/gan & iat ta & weit et us oredt we @ wet we 52 Ua at west & Frere fer sat #1 are fer oie te B agieoss wa S Peet area ft oe are | a wre ura wet at Wiener aIe afer: | 3 25 3 1 | la) go {b) 35 es 33 | | | “Total »cards = spade cards Soo o> 44 Probability of black face cord = = ime | te Ita dite rolled He 3k Pratt event Br SH A} probability PED> 2 e 14310)57:\>) 18 0B (Odd favour and Odd against ‘The odd in favour of occurrence of the event A is defined by P(A) : P(A) and the odds against the occurrence of A are defined by P(A): P(A) eat A & wfea att & vex H foram at P(A): P(A) ger vitenfea fener wer @ ait AS afer Ba S fata meet wt P(A): P(A) gre utente fear war = Odds in favour/Against If the probability of an event is P(E) = Zthen, Odds in favour = 2:5 Odds in agains If odds in favour +b, then @ Probability of event is = <5 If odds in against = a:b then, b Probability = <5 + Odds th favour —» PCD > PWD eal ea © € soos] “at afk a oT AY probabil; Odds TA against— PG > Pw) s ct Se +) 5:1 at 2 odds in favour PCE) 2.4 odds th against PCE) #12 SS = Sol” 2. So" sol? 6. If odd in favour = 4:7 then, (B) =? @ % wo 2 re F Th Ars The odds against an event E are 3 : 4. The probability of occurrence of the event Eis Ue vent £ @ free deren 3: 4 Fi aew a at aera f | @ 3 () 4 Oy (c) i odds against an event — 374 Pe)= 4 a, + One of the two events must occur, If the chance of one Is 2/3 of the other, then odds in favour of the other are/at wearait # & wen stave stea ert area - afe ua at dare amt at 2/3 2, ah get Sue H dere F (a) 1:3 {b) 3:4 {c) 2:3 {d) 3:2 - | elB) = Pca) P(e) = P(A) J L 2 3 \ Odds tn favour of B= 3:2 Ans i The odds of event are 13 : 3 in favor. What is P(A) = ? as ) 3 o = @ 3% | odds of event = 1373 | | Plaj= 13 | (@) Ans | The odds of event are 15 : 9 in against. What is P(A) = ? | @ = te) 2 we a 3 | @ ta) 2 Gol" odds against evert= 16 (b) 1:6 (c) 1:7 {d) 6:7 Sol. Bills of 3 OL SOL lor 2c, ep(eoOe 2 ed ee VG + Fay= 4 24 Ans In the wallet of Rakesh Yadav, he has 14 check. Seven are Rs. 10 lakh, two are Rs. 50 lakh, four are Rs. 1 cr and one is Rs. 2 cr. he passes seeking donations for the Indian Army and decides to select one bill at random from her wallet and give it to the Indian Army. Determine/ Tey aes & sex #14 feet fi ora fat 10 cra eet fret 50 wre & & an fac 1 aig waa &. ait ua far 2 mtg art ap paiteen & fore a | ai are wa andta a ore sret ¢ ait om ace @ after wa a we fae TT Sit aredta Sar at 3 ar heer arat di are athe {a) The odds in favor of his selecting a check of 50 lack odds in favour = 126 Gary A box contains 9 red and 2 blue marbles and 3 yellow marbles. If you select one at random from the box, determine the odds against selecting a blue marbles. | er feet H 9 cre Sit 2 att wa oily 3 dict aa Gi ale ora aia 8 orefeow wT a TH ar we aaa S, at tet ares at eS fee arene ar Pranic wt | No. of Bills + 2 es | Ans (a) 1:6 (b) 1:7 (c) 7:4 (d) 6:1 1 Sot” Marbels in box ~ R B Yy | — 4 2 3 (a a 14 Fi So + odds against of P(B)= 6.1 Ans | | 9. A cards is picked from a deck of cards. Find the odds against of selecting: aie & weit FS uw wer eet wet ti seat S fees dareeme ara wt: (eli AteseS Ft) ese oz odd against > 321 {b) Aseven= (7) = 4 | 52 13 odd against > 1271 (c) Asevenoraqueen= piy=- UY+4 _ 8 2 2. 52) gz 13 odd against — 12 Ans Deck of Cards Leged v pe fee od oa) Oe, a Pe “eehee . 91 Os OO OF: Fe fe [eefes he Led sealer, 11. A cards is picked from a deck of cards. Find the odds in favor of selecting: ae & od FS ue we at ont tae S aa A erent wa we: (a) A seven and a heart = 4 52 odds in favour > 1:5) (b) The three of spades= P(3)= 1 52 odds tH favour + 1°51 (c) Ared king = P(E)= 2 aoe 52 26 odds in favour > |: 95° A pair of dice Is rolled then\urat a war sitgr tent oat & (a) Find the odds in favor of the sum being 7.\at1 7 & wa @ dure ara aif 13 “Te wu P@= 6 1 (6% 26 “Total outcome) Be 6 odds in favour > 1:5 (b) Find the odds against the first dice showing at 5. 5 fart act weet wa & few arent ar vat eT) Pe= 6 possi bility - 6 ‘ 36°0~CG odds in against 2 511 {c) Find the odds against rolling a double.\zaat tet act & fares srensit ar wat aT Po) = 2. sl ai” odd against —» 571 | 32. sor (4,4), (4, 2), (4, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (1, 6) (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6) (3, 1), (3, 2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6) (4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6) (5, 4), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5, 4), (5, 5), (5, 6) ‘Sum 2 3 4 5 6 m7 8 9 10 11 12 Hebb d bebe bdd (6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6) One person is selected at random from a class of 16 memand/14 women. Find the odds | against selecting. 16 Yet aie 14 afgensit at wen FS ue cafes at ahem wT A ET aT eee faeg area ar wat oem {a) Awomen (b) Aman @ em, iuF POD 1 a ao Is Oddy against 2 824 (be) A man P(m)= 16 _ & oa is odd against + 4:8 Se) Event | * Independent Event: If two or more event$,o¢cur in such a way that the occurrence of || ‘one does not affect the occurrence of the other. They are said to be independent || | events, | ie I || yada wert: afe a ar at & afe eat ga we B eet Efe Us SH HEAT GAT St FETT wet warfrs vet aedt Si oe carla sean war aT 1 | “Independent Event | I Single experiment Different experiment | 4 || “There are 5 balls ma bag 2ar et | || oT experiment | Replacement without replacement | [EB -Pad= 3/5 Pads 2/5" s[. ° dependent | ire Plysd= 3/5 yar eee event | 1 * Mutually exclusive Event: If happening of one event excludes the happening of the || other event in a single experiment then that is said to be mutually exclusive events. || rcenftas wo @ arre wemr: aft Uw wear SB a ew St wee a Gad we at ee met | vet diet & at ga arcetites wa aera wet wet aT zg) | : | let a dice rolls for once rT | P @ven)= 3. : Peedd)= 3 = -L a = te (24,6) he (3,5) ae Ze we i] | Dependent Event: if occurrence of one event influences the occurrence of thé,other | then second event is said to be dependent on the other. \anfira eat: aie Ua Beat ait \| wet gat at wea at mnie eect ot gad wea at gat a Preie wer ara Bi | || | | Equally Likely Event: Two or more events are calledequally likely if any of them cannot || be expected to occur in preference to the othef..For example, in tossing a coin any thing can occur, i.e there is equal chances of getting a head or getting a tail. (But what the case in the film Sholey ? That was Hot an equally likely event.) wart wa & santas weet: St at St a ois Feasii St BAM wa a ere wer wre g aE wi & feat at ot gat at atta Ha at aehe at st or ward fh sae & few, | faaar sort W aig ot cits Ot wat @, anit fee fer ar fe ot St wT See eet 2 (After git fret Yaar aren 2? ae we wa wo A dened sem ae aft | Tha Bee Rolled “$= 12,214) 56 Pced 23 < Vo Ps the Postiblity oh, on ech comm TS same Ww every event ten this Pco-S - | i ca & equally hab “event . | NEGATION OF AN EVENT Verbal description of the event Equivalent set theoretic notation Not A A Aor B (at least one of A or B) AUB AandB ANB | A but not B AUBUC | At least one of A, B or C (anB)u(Ans) || All three of A, B and C AnBne | PROBABILITY NEGATION OF AN EVENT Verbal description of the event Equivalent set theoretic notation Not A a Aor B (at least one of A or B) AUB AandB ANB A but not B AUBUC At least one of A, B or C (anB)u(AnB) All three of A, Band C AnBne PCAUB) = P(A) + PCB) - PCAN) IF mutually exclusive PCAUB) = PCA) + P(B) 03/ar — Union And [TT — Ihtexsection| common ADDITION THEOREMS ON PROBABILITY Theorem 1 :-Mutually Exclusive:- nothing common in two event. Wen era:- dt weit Fae it aa ae Example:~1 onpprime number when throwing dice. SAEU:- War Get Aa 1 aT area Wem P(AUB)= P(A) + P(B),P(ANB)=0 Theorem 2 :- Non-Mutually Exclusive:- Something is common in two event. frowren sma: dt went F |S wT 21 Example:- Non-Mutually Exclusive:- Something is common in two event. Sq or Bat wa wT aT art eM P(AUB)= P(A) + P(B)- P(ANB) and P(B) = p, find the value of p.\A 3it B We wear wt at urecr seit went & afte P(A)=.65,P(AUB)=0.65 ait P(B)=p at p at Ht aa aah (2) 0.30 (b) 0.40 aires ee P( AUB) = PCA) + PCB) Calculation O-6s! = Oras + P P(A) = 1- PCA) P = 0°30 Ans = 1-065 P(A) = 0-38 P(X) = 0.15, P(Y) = 0.25 P(Y) = 0.25 P(XnY) = 0.10 then P(X U Y) is P(X) = 0.15, P(Y) = 0.25, P (XAY)= 0.10 a (XUV) (a) 0.10 (b) 0.20 (9 0.30 (d) 0.40 PCxcuy) = P(e) + PCY) - PCxny) = O15 + 0-25 -.0-10 = 030 pans Aand B are two nof-mutually exclusive events. IfP (A)= +,P(B)= Zand P (AUB)= Z, find the values ofP(ANB)\Aate Bet Ae-wreae sree ueand tafe P(A)=2,P(B)- 2 sit P(A =i, P(ANB) @ AM are aif mt yd 3 as PCAUB) = P(A) + PCB) - PCANB) a oe Box a = Sastglon= 3 ans. a. If Eand Fare two events such that P (E)=> ,P(F) = = and P(EandF)= =, And P(E OFF. || af Ete Fat wert ge wen @ fan P(E)= 2, P(F)= 1 acrpidker=Lrewne| | | aif | gerd ) 2 2 Zz PCE 0s F)—> PCEUF) = PCE) + PCF) - P(ENF) i =) pea | y "2 8 | = 4-4 | 8 = § | eS Ans | | | 5. FS is the sample space and P (A) = 2P\(B).and S= AUB, where A and B are two | mutually exclusive events, then P (A) # af Saag zara & site P(A)= 2 (ppt S= AUB wet A ait B St aren waragt wea &, aH Play= | wi 14 (b) 372 (©) 34 (a) 348 | P (Aub) = PCA) + P(8) peAY = 3 PCE) | 4 = P(A) +3P(A) Po) | pc) 3 PCA) = a AiB= 183 Pca) + PCA) = 2 i 1 1 qt aaa > P= 4 7. The probability of two events A and B are 0.25 and 0.50 respectively. The probability | of their simultaneous occurrence is 0.14. Find the probability that neither A nor B | occurs. \| a aemit A sit B at wire mam: 0.25 sit 0.50 ¢ sae UH Ure ales ET at UTeeHAT | ee er ea | 0.39 (b) 0.24 (c) 0.14 (d) 0.28 \| ee —— P(B) = 0:50 PCRNB) =0-14 So— P(AUB)= P(A) + PCB) - P(ANB) = 0-25 + 0:50 - Oly = 06! thehp(Ané) = 1- PCruB) = [abt = 039 Ans 8. ifp(auB) = (AUB)=5 p uB)= 3a" P(A) = 32 then the odds against the event Bare: | af PAUB) = (AUB)= 5 P (ava)-3, ¢, dt wet BS wikae datrqae we aif @ 2 wo 2 we @ Z P(AuB)= PCA) + P(B) - PC Ane) pia= "Vig $= E+ CB) = Li peaney] P(A)= Fig 13 # a> POLS 1B bes eta Pw) 26- 21424 es i =¥ = P(B) > P(B)= ey Ans 800d against= 29:25 9. Adrawer contains 50 bolts and 150 nuts. Half of the bolts and half of the nuts are rusted. If one item WH aa F 50 ates it 150 Fe G1 ane aie site on ae F vin ern re 1 ale UH a is chosen at random, what is the probability that it is rusted or a bolt ? wt aghos wa & ei ae &, dt gaat ear dared & fH ae vin crit ¢ a ates F 7 (a) 2 () 3 urd s Total outcome so 150 = 200 | Rusted 2s 35 = 100 | = 22 2 ny= t | PCB) or pony= 1S | 1] | = loo PCRUE)= 25. P(R) = al | 206 a8 | S0> PCRUB) = p(R)+ p(B) - PC RB) " a 1 ( wu 8 pcRun) = H+2-1 2 8 & 8 | 4. Three coins are tossed then what is the probability of getting at least two tails given that first one is head. dis fees sort ora ¢ ct aT ee St ae a at urfeenaT sere, oat fee Sa wa faa a | : 5 2 1 | | oF Os (14 ry i | Total outcome = 23-8 | iH | Let P(A) = getting at least duo tails | CB) = Head on fisst | II No f / | Now outcome ase With ai Hugh e-card pau) | | Head o. fFisst | ; on p(Ay= Plane) PCA) SS {ie= a7} PCB) ores = ve Ke | | ian | | In Paobabitity Gondition (A) i¢ Giveh Mn 3 i Find (8) = 2 4 | P(A) = Pla) | P(e) | ‘A family has two children. What is the probability that both the children are boys | | given that at least one of them is a boy\w% URan ® a aed 21 gaat sar wien & fe art aeat age , aed fe sai a an 8 oe Ue Sat aT 1 1 3 1 @ | Ws. Cir @) > A=? B (condition) > é 8B, BG, GB} Cat least ohe of them is boy) Tetal outcome > BB. GB, BG, GG | peay= + | PcAns) | P(4) = ao = Vy ni | “Sy 3 3. Ten cards numbered 1 to 10 are placed in a box, mixed up thoroughly and then one || card is drawn randomly. If it is known that the number on the drawn card is more than 3, what is the probability that it is an evén number. 18 10 meni OTe aa wet wt Uw Sia A Car er @, ot srest ate Frere aT @ aie fer arefos wo 8 us ard Prac ata State ae aia @ fe rane au and we den ai 38 afte 2, at gaat aa wilseat t fe ae um aH Wet a? @ > to) = 3 ort B= é 4,516, 48.9, 103 | | | | | ii | | || | || | || || ) | | A= Even No = € 2.4.6.8.10} {| | Paobability oF A Oh the Condition of B= P(A) - P(ane) | P(B) | = to i —— = + an: | Tho FO | 4. A dice is thrown twice and the sum of the numbers appearing is observed to be 6. | What is the probability that the number 4 appeared at least once ? | Ue wa at dt ax Ger orm é ait and are deme ar att 6 TT wre 31 saat wa | wizen ¢ fe den an 8 am Un aR 4 WHE HE? | | | to) 3 wy @) 5 dition that event has already. ethno > ed fe 4) (3.3) (42) (5.4) P(e) = S A=7 PCAnB) | PCB) | = 2/36 | 5/36 | | = 25 | . na school there are 100 students out of witch 43 are boys. It is known that out of 43, 10% of the boys study in class 8th. What is the probability'that a Student chosen ran- domly studies in class 8th given that the chosen student is a boy ? Ue wae H 100 wr =f fra B43 wes Zi ara Z fH 43 HA 10 Tact ass of aera HS | vga @ gaat eer mf ¢ fe aghow wa SET Ta UH or HET sat Fuga e, wae UN WT or UH Ea e? ©) 49 2 0 | oz @ 2 | P(B) Given > 43 P(A) = 2g! class, boy Boy ih 9 class 43x10 _ ay ih 9 Glass > 122 TER 3 Boy p(#.) - Pane) (8) (8) = 43/100 foe) 43/100 «= jo Aus Conditional Probability Conditional Probability: Let A and B be two events associated with a random experi- ment. Then, the probability of occurrence of event A under the condition that B has already occurred and P(B)=- 0, is the conditional probability and it is denoted by | -| A thus we have (4 | = Conditional probability of occurrence of event A under the con- werd dearer: art cif A sit B um agies watt & yet a ueant £1 fer, va ot S wea wet AH aten GA at deren fee at vec et afer st aan t sit p(B). Om sierra ate 98 [4] gre Frese fer onan , gu wane anit wre t p(4 = wear a @ afer ot at werd deren, wort fe wea vet at at aat eT | Conditional probability: A and B associated event to a random experiment occur- | rence of A when B all ready occurred. werd wifren:- ue afess watt at wed A war Bt aft B ufta @ gat a dt ad afta da at wafer A) P(ANB) o[5}- P(B) Occurrence of A when B all ready occurred. afe Aufea at qat et dt BS ates a at whet | »(Rl- P(ANB) A)” P(A) The conditional probability of B given A is\A RE WAT Bat wet deer f P(ANB) P(AUB) P(ANB) P(AUB) 2) P(e) () PB) P(A) (4) “pray PCB) = P(Ane) P(e) OPtion (¢) i B If P(A) = 0.4, P(B) = 0.5 and)P(A NB) = 0.2 then [2-2 P(A) = 0.4, P(B)=0.5 P(AMB) so2me[zle elf 0.5 {b) 0.20 {c) 0.30 (d) 0.40 p(2)= Plena) (a) P(A) = 02 2 tos Oy, Oe. = OBS: Given that E and F are events such that P(E) = 0.6, P(F) = 0.6, P(F) = 0.3 and P(E F) = 0.2 find P(E/F) 2 i 1 if or ) 5 es @) & = 4. IFP(A) = 0.8, P(B) = 0.5 and P(B/A) = 0.4 , Find P(A/B) @ s o 2 i or iz B ®CBnA) Pla) = —Beay o-4 = P(BnA) og 0-32 = P(BnA) $0, p(A)= PCANB) | Pte) = 032 6 oso 25 Oe 5. FP(A)=<, P(B)= 3+ and R(A\L B) = =~ find P(B/A) 1 s fa) 3 or 3 (c) i (a) & P (Ave) = PCA) + Pe) - PC AnB) z= & + 3 - pane) =~} = -p(ans) So, p/#). PCAN) Ci)= 2 = Hn sm = 23 Ans PROBABILITY \| Multiplication Rule \| Theorem 1 :- Independent Event: with replacement (no effect on each other). || ada Wear: wfeeerat Bare (wa TA at wg we eT) | Example:- Cards are drawn from the card. Probability of getting J and K. 1 erect: ars B 2 are Pranet ort Ei J afte K fret at deem 4.4 PANE) =PUR) <2) = ba Theorem 2 :- Dependent Event: Without Replacement (effect on each other). wifi went: wieeara & fort (war Get at ware Di PIANB) = P(A)xP(E)= Independent Event p(AnB)= PCA)x PCB) spependent Event | Case(a): IF q coin tossed there PCANB)= PCB) x p(B) | be cithes head os taif PCE) > H.T Total oltcome-2 | Both axe independent to ech othes Gase(B) + Possiblity of Raih when the Goin tossed outcome -> C¥,.N) Total Outcome of Both Events | Hy HON | Total outcome ~ 4 \| TY TN | i So, PCAnB) = PCA) x PCB) | PlHNY) = 5 xo=t ang i IfP(A) = 2 and P(B) = i, find P(A - B). If A and B are independent events. ‘af P(A) = 2 oie p(a)= 2, af a afte B exiz deme wa P(A n B) ara aif ae ) & PC(ANB) = P(A) x P(g) = & ons. P(ANB)= 1- P(AuB) nen = I+P (nose) to 2 (3 1 1 1 fA and B be independent events with P(A)= 2, P(B)= > and P(A n B)= 5- Find P (not A and not B)./afe A afte B ada wear & war Pla)= 2, PIB}= 2 ait P(A n B) = 2 wa p(n 7 ote B Wt) =? els PCAUB) = wm § ~ PCAUB) i 2 I- [ Pca) +Pce)- pcane)) i| Mle $] [att] ts 8 3/e ans. | 4. If A and B are independent events with P(A) = 0.3 and P(B) = 0.4 then find P(A/B) =? I (a) 0.4 (b) 0.6 P(anB) = P(A) x PCB) = O3K OY = O12 (i = 012 oy Banciey oes « Only TTS TT but Not Cricket = 50-20 = 20 (TT playes) } | i | | | / | | | | | | | | | | | | | P(T but Nots) = PCT) - PCTaG) | ] | | j | | | | | | | | | | | i | = 50-30 = 20 (b) 0.18 PtAnB) = Poa) x prey OSX OG = og PCA ghd Not 8)= PCA)- PCavB) = 0-80 - 0-19 = O12 Ane 0.3 aft A atte B vada seat & aa P(A) =0.3 site P(B)=0.4 at P(A/B) =? | i | qe, The Both/ And 5. Given two independent events A and B with P(A) = 0.3, P(B) = 0.6. Find P(A and not B) || EN ee a eee co ee eae | ) 0.12 {c) 0.30 {d) 0.2 | (d) 0.24 . ‘Two cards are drawn at random and without replacement from a pack of 52 playing cards. Find the probability that both the cards are black. 52 Te & Ue at UH west A at aa agheos wa ait fern wie ah reel Ta EL | Shi aret & are gh at witresar ara Sire i 25 25 25 fa) 5 (b) Sy {02 (d) So Black Cards = 26 = %y 25 52 ‘sti = 25 Ans. lor 6. Two cards are drawn at random and without replacement from a pack of 52 playing cards. Find the probability of getting a king and a queen’ 52 TTB Ue at Wa eT a al oa argheos wT A feet whereas ch Premret Bra BI ee TT ait we wit fret at wfreser ara atfoer | we ee ) = oe ® ss | | | | | | Total outcome = 52 | | | | | | | | | | | | PCBiMB2) = PCB) x p/ Be) | | | | | | | | | Total outcome = s2 | king Gard =.4 | Queen Cad = 4 | P(Kua) = P(k) xp/2) i city 32” Si | B16 ans 252 \ | | Miscellaneous | 4. Abag contains 3 white 5 black and 2 red balls, all of the same shape and size. A ball is | drawn from the bag without looking into it, find the probability that the ball drawn is | ared ball:/wa a ¥ 3 we 5 areit she 2 cre 42 &, wel uw a wa ait ona ate ae & & fer 2a we ie Pact nt 3, at frereit ag fe S ore eA at wien ara aif (a) 2 (» = uf 5 = aia PC BinBs) = PCB) x P(%) ‘Two cards are drawn at random and without replacement from a pack of 52 playing i cards. Find the probability that both the cards are black. 52 We & unt at we Test A at wa aghos we 8 ait few oieear S Frearea aa E ‘ari aret S are Gy at ferret ara st | fa) 3 (bo) 26 zz @ 2 | Total outcome = 52 | Black Gavds = 26 | = %y,25 52 ‘si = 25 Ane 2 Two cards are drawn at random and without replacement from a pack of 52 playing cards. Find the probability of getting a king and a queen’ 52 1 Hh Ul at UH Tet a al we aah wT B feet Mies S Premera Bl eH TT afte um wht frert at urea ara site, 16 wef eS ) & fe @ Zs | Total outcome = 52 king Gard =4 Queen Card = 4 \) P(KUQ) = PCk) x.p/ 2) 4 32” Si mp a!6 ng | 2652 | Miscellaneous Abag contains 3 white 5 black and 2 red balls, all of the same shape and size. A ball is | drawn from the bag without looking into it, find the probability that the ball drawn is | ared ball:/us a ¥ 3 wea s act aft 2 cre 32 &, avt we at wa oie omer at el ae 4 fen 2a we Fe Perch ant 3, ct fant ag fq aH cre SA at often ara \| ifr | a) 2 to) = uit (a) 3 Total Baits + 3W,SB.2R P(Red) = 2. To | | A bag contains 16 coloured balls. 6 are green, 7 are red and 3 are white. A ball is || choosen without looking into the bag. Find the probability that the ball chooseniis not || white:/ts det H 16 tit Fe io VE, 7 cree ait 3 aes E aa Fe few UH He ST ait #1 ait ag Hg ata a a fen wafer ara atone? @ % ey 38 oO 2 a2 Colovsed Balls > 66, #R, 3W i) A and B are friends. Ignoring the leap year, find the probability that both friends will | have the same birthday/A aft B fia @1 cia ad at star aet qe, Shi Rt aS aera PW) = 3 | 16 | PCA)= j- 3 | 16 || = 1 16 Ans. | ue @ fea aa at wifaenar gre afore i! UA as () (4 (a) 362 i \| Paobablity of B'day on Sunday = Sal Ans i} Ina musical chairs game. A person has been advised to stop playing the music at any | time within 40 seconds after its start. What is the probability that the music will stop within the first 15 seconds?/tm Wfsena Sar 4m H, we cated sat were at age fee | WR wa S40 das S after feet ot awe Sita wee aa ae i geet eer eT Ee white vee 15 das F star de a are? i | {| a) 2 w) tz Her | Total outcome = 4o sec Paobabality = Is A bag contains six identical black balls. A child withdraws one ball from the bag with- out looking into it. What is the probability that he takes out Is a white ball: ue an F oe war arett Fe Fi uw oer few Fa Fe FS uw te Pre B, aaa He & freer at ear wifremat 8? fa sto wi (4 All 6 Balls black PCW) = 0 Ans. In a bundle of 50 shirts, 44 are good, 4 have minor defects and 2 have major defects. What is the probability that it is acceptable to a trader who rejects only a shirt with major defects?/so arth @ ua dsc ¥, 44 arct &, 4 HF appt Gael ¢ sik 2 Fat ret d1 en deren 2 fH ag se ert & fee Start & ot dae age ate areit we wT oredteare weet 2? 24 22 4 11 ve 24 ty) ©) = 3 Greed Minos defect — majox detect 44 Ory 4 ary ary “Tota! outcome = so P(ma)= 2 0 SO 2s Non defective = j-1 25 = 24 4 2s Abox contains 150 bulbs out of which 15 are defective. It is not possible to just look at I a bulb and tell whether or not it is defective. One bulb is taken out are random from this box. Calculate the probability that the bulb taken out is a good one: ] um alan Wf 150 wea € faa S 15 wae o1 San aes St Seer ae warn ee TE ag Gua @ ar adi ga feea 7 8 Ue aca crafter Prepren ser oi dare wt oT at Praren Wer wea Wa areat aeat 2: | i ey to) § Os eo I Damage ND | 15 135 | iI | P(N®) > 135 | 150 \| = 2t_9 il Bo ~ 4g Ans I 12 defective pens are accidentally mixed with 132,g6od ones. It is not possible to just || look at a pen and tell whether or not it is defective..One pen is taken out at random || from this lot. Determine the probability that the pen taken out is a good one. i fedt ero 12 wae 24 132 ane Tei G fhe ae ei Sant Saar ae eT aa wT eT eS fe ag 34 ava t a stem 21 ga far 4, UH 3 ae Rranen ore 21 Praret TT am at tear a at wrfserat ate aise 5 ‘ i ua (») 2 a () i DP GP \| 12 132 i| Total outcome = sy \| PCae) > 192, | 144 | = "2 Ans. Sixteen cards are labelled as a, b, c. m, n, 0, p. They are put in a box and shuffled. } A boy is asked to draw a card from the box. What is the probability that the card | drawn is none of the letter of the word ‘median’: Hie Get ST a, b, c.....m, n, 0, p TY fahea farm rear oi se Us ates Beret fra ret oft Wer wae Bae ge at alae S UH are Francs & fog wet are tt wafer | wear @ fer fraren ar are ‘median’ wea ar ate ot star Fat | as to) 2 ere a $ Total outcome = '6 ] | | | P (Median) >» 6 | | 16 | | | | | | | P(Tedian) > 1-6 16 lo _ | Te = & Ans | 10. A bag contains twenty coins Rs. 5, fifty coins Rs. 2 and thirty coins Re.if itis equally | likely that one of the coins will fall down when the bag is turned upside down, what is | | the probability that the coin will not be a Rs 2 coin? um and, s ead & ote feed, 2 © & wore fad afte 1 wae Qh tian en | | wu fae deren @ fer an at seer at we feast FS Uw Ae fe wT, at geet ae | vaftrenet & fen fraser St eet car fire Tet dh? (ta ) 30 Os 0 30 5s) 2(2) a¢#) 20 Coin 50 Coin 80 Goin Total outcome > Too (22) = S25 | loo ta P(zzys it 11. A letter of English alphabet is chosen at random, Probability of getting a vowel is- aightem wo & ofist qutaren ar ue stat ET wet B, Wa eae area wT wT Pech a wer o 2 os ag Vowel > 9.6.10. | | = "2 ans. | i} | | | | Total outcome -> 26 | PV) = | a As. ] 12. Whats the probability that a two digit number Is not a prime number when a number || is chosen at random./aat darent ¢ ff at stat at wen UH crane der wt te TH | a mies | 67 1 @ 3% ey 28 3 () 30 | “Total Outcome > 90 Psime No--> 2) (no's) PCPN) > 2 5 2 90” 36 PCPN) > I-Z | 20 = 23/39 Ans | 13, A book contains 85 pages. A page is chosen at random. What Is the probability that the sum of the digits on the page is 8 2/am Were W 85 Ys #1 us ys aghas era aT | wet $1 ae Bare ¢ fe YS we sie aT Get 8 27 | | fa) 3 ) = wz ware Totq Outcome > 95 P(8No') = 9 | Sum 85 Ans eWdourane opnatae | | | Sunm= g | i | 14. —Abag contains 100 identical marble stones which are numbered from 1 to 100. If one | stone is drawn at random from the bag. Find the probability that it bears a number | divisible by 4 and 5./ta a % 100 waa dame S wer g for a 1B 100 7H wee | sifea ti afe det 8 8 we wer ages Fenen wet 81 gee 4 ait 5 a feud den ety i at waferer ara ating? i | wel & to) 2 og (a) 15. Divisible by 4 and 5 Vv 20 (Lem) P(49s) 5 5 Divisible 100 =e ate Zo Ans. > i-€ ( 20.40,60,80. 100) 5 outcome ase divisible by s There are 20 balls in a bag which are numbered 1, 2, 3 ..... 20:'Find the probability that the number marked on the ball taken out of the bag is divisible by 3 or 5. We aa F 20 FF E for 1, 2, 3... 20 deme aif Fi wafr wre aifere fae AA ‘Panett 1g ta ot oifea dem 3 a5 a feara t 3 wr 2, oz @ 3 Divisible by 3085 > (3) +s) - h(3ns) > 20 20, _ 20 = Ss 15 > 6+4-! P(3055) 7 9 (3085 Sans

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