Arduino and Matlab for
prototyping and
manufacturing
Enrique Chacón Tanarro
Enrique Chacón Tanarro
11th - 15th December 2017 UBORA First Design School - Nairobi
e.chacon@upm.es
Index
1. Arduino
2. Arduino programming
3. Matlab controlling arduino
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1. Ardunio
Arduino is an open-source electronic platform based on easy
to use hardware and software (https://www.arduino.cc/ )
ENVIROMENT ARDUINO ENVIROMENT
INTERACTION
Sensors: Actuators:
• Temperature • Motors
• Pressure • Relays
• Light • Valves
• Proximity • Piezoelectrics
• Acceleration • Diode led
• … • …
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1.1. Enviroment
Arduino is an open-source electronic platform based on easy
to use hardware and software (https://www.arduino.cc/ )
ENVIROMENT ARDUINO ENVIROMENT
INTERACTION
Sensors: Actuators:
• Temperature • Motors
• Pressure • Relays
• Light • Valves
• Proximity • Piezoelectrics
• Acceleration • Diode led
• … • …
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1.1. Enviroment
Arduino can receive environment information from 2 ways:
A) USER
• Physical: switches, buttons, potentiometers,…
• Virtual
Arduino PC - Matlab
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1.1. Enviroment
Arduino can receive environment information from 2 ways:
B) SENSORS
Termoresistance Movement Microphone
sensor
Temperature Movement Sound
Piezoelectric Encoder
Position /
Pressure
Velocity
Mechanical contact Fluids
Accelerometers Fotoresistence
Aceleration Light Gas
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1.1. Enviroment
EXAMPLE: How can we measure the luminosity of this room?
LDR resistance varies its
resistance as a function of light
Light Ω
A0 pin voltage depends on
the LDR resistance
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1.2. Arduino board
What does ARDUNIO do with the information from sensors,
touchscreens, etc.
ENVIROMENT ARDUINO ENVIROMENT
INTERACTION
Sensors: Actuators:
• Temperature • Motors
• Pressure • Relays
• Light • Valves
• Proximity • Piezoelectrics
• Acceleration • Diode led
• … • …
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1.2. Arduino board
Digital
Information Arduino ONE board
Programmable integrated circuit
Fundamental parts:
• CPU (calculation speed)
• Memory (code complexity)
• Input and output peripherals
(number of signals to be
controlled
Arduino board
https://www.robomart.com selection
Analogical Information
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1.2. Arduino board
Arduino board selection
• Arduino Uno
• Arduino ProMini
• Arduino Nano
• Arduino Micro
• Arduino Mega 2560
• Arduino Mega ADK (android)
• Arduino Gemma
• Arduino Leonardo
• Arduino Yún (ethernet)
• Arduino Cactus (WiFi)
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1.2. Arduino board
Arduino UNO board
Analogical input
• 6 input pins A0,A1,A2,...
• Voltage range: 0 - 5V
• Precision: 5V / 1024 values = 5mV
Digital input/output
• 14 pins 0-13
• Sensors and actuators are connected in these pins.
They must declared (software) is INPUT or OUTPUT.
• Voltage: 5V (HIGH) - 0V (LOW).
• Max. pin current: 40 mA. Max. total pins current: 200
mA.
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1.2.1. Electronic components
What does ARDUNIO do with the information from sensors,
touchscreens, etc.?
ENVIROMENT ARDUINO ENVIROMENT
INTERACTION
Sensors: Actuators:
Protoboard
• Temperature • Motors
• Pressure • Relays
• Light • Valves
• Proximity • Piezoelectrics
• Acceleration ELECTRONIC • Diode led
• … COMPONENTS • …
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1.2.1. Electronic components
Generate an output signal in response to an input signal
Functions: switch, amplifier, oscillator or rectifier collector
power
base
Transistors
emitter
Low input
signal Great output signal Switch
application
power
Current direction
Current circulation is only allowed in one direction
Many types: Generic
Photodiode
LED
Diodes Zener
(light emitting diode) Cathode Anode
Mostly used as rectifier for
Used as a constant Allows reverse current converting AC to DC and
voltage source when light falls on it motor protection
Correct resistance selection:
1, 2 or 3 red or yellow LED (1,8-2,1V)
Resistences
I = V/R
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1.3. Environment interaction
What does ARDUNIO do with the information from sensors,
touchscreens, etc.
ENVIROMENT ARDUINO ENVIROMENT
INTERACTION
Sensors: Actuators:
• Temperature • Motors
• Pressure • Relays
• Light • Valves
• Proximity • Piezoelectrics
• Acceleration • Diode led
• … • …
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1.3. Environment interaction
• Relays
• Valves Servomotor
• Motors or
• Etc.
Movement
Light, valve, etc.
open-close control
• Display
• Leds
• Buzzer
• Etc.
Signal
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1.3.1. PWM outputs
¿Are there analogical outputs in ARDUINO? Digital PWM
PWM pins allows us to simulate
an analog behaviour applying a
continuous value. Arduino ONE
board pins 3, 5, 6, 9, 10 ,11
How does it work?
Instead of a continuous signal
Average
Period Pulses of square signals (490Hz)
Average
We can varied pulse duration
Pulse width
Desired analog voltage = voltage average
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1.3.1. PWM outputs
EXAMPLE: How can we vary the DC electric motor speed?
Motor speed varies dependidng External power supply
Motor con diodo de
on the voltage applied to pin 9 protección
Transistor with
protection resistance
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2. Arduino programming
1) Install the free software from arduino.cc/en/Main/Software
2) Conect Arduino board to the computer. Drivers will be
installed automatically.
3) Open the software
code writing area
Open
Compile
Upload
Save
New
Software messages: errors and actions
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2. Arduino programming
Arduino is programmed in C/C++
The algorithm consist of:
• Fundamental structures
• Variables y constants
• Mathematical, logical and
Boolean operators
• Control structures
(conditionals, cycles)
• Functions
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2.1. Fundamental structures
Initial configuration code
Only executed once
loop() is executed after setup ()
and keeps running until the
Arduino is disconnected
Both functions are usually preceded by void These are functions without an output
or result.
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2.2. Variables, constants, mathematical,
logical and Boolean operators
• Variables: Boolean open=true; int conta=5; char id=‘a’;
• Constants: const float pi = 3.14
• Mathematical operators: = , - , + , / ,…
• Logical operators: == , > , != , <= ,…
• Boolean operators: && (and) , II (or) ,…
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2.3. Control structures
For
Switch/case
for (int a=0; a>10; a++)
If switch (var) { {
case 1: // repeated action
if (input<500)
// action A }
{
break;
// action A
case 2:
} else
// action B
{ While
break;
// action B
default: while (a<10) {
}
// action B // repeated action
} a++;
}
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2.4. Functions
Digital functions Analytical functions
pinMode() digitalWrite() analogRead()
Configurates a pin Writes 1 or 0 in a digital pin Reads an analog pin (0-1023)
PinMode(pin,mode) digitalWrite(pin,state) analogRead(pin)
pinMode(13, OUTPUT); digitalWrite(13, HIGH); int a = analogRead(A0);
pinMode(a, INPUT); digitalWrite(13, LOW);
analogWrite() PWM
digitalRead() Reads an analog value (0-255)
Reads 1 or 0 in a digital pin analogWrite(pin, PWM value)
digitalRead(pin) analogWrite(9, 134);
int a = digitalRead(13);
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2.4. Functions
Random numbers Time Communication
Mathematical
Advance
External interruptions
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3. Arduino programming with Matlab
Benefits of using MATLAB for Arduino programming:
• Read/write sensor data interactively without waiting for your code to compile
• Analyze your sensor data using pre-built Matlab functions for signal processing,
machine learning, mathematical modeling, …
• Quickly visualize your data (MATLAB plot types)
Disadvantage:
• Speed data trasnmision
NOTES:
• Is our arduino board compatible? https://es.mathworks.com/hardware-support/arduino-
matlab.html
• Only allowed Matlab 2014 and later versions
More info: https://es.mathworks.com/discovery/arduino-programming-matlab-simulink.html
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3. Arduino programming with Matlab
Examples Ultrasonic
distance
• Mapping your surroundings using MATLAB and Arduino sensor
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iaF81W-l6Xg
Servomotor
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4. Practical studies
Case 1: Blink led L
Aim: Arduino software/conect introduction
Steps:
1. Open arduino software
2. Open “blink” example
3. Read the code and understand it
4. Select the board and the port.
5. Load the code on the Arduino board. Few seconds after the
"uploaded“ message appears, we see the LED blinking
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4. Practical studies
Case 2: Touch lamp
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This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation
programme under grant agreement No 731053
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