1.
1 Radiographic Testing Level 2 (RT-2)
Radiographic Testing Level 2 (RT-2) General Examination
1.Increasing the kV setting on an X ray machine increases the:
a. Penetrating power
b. Short wavelength components of the X ray beam
c. Radiation intensity
d. All of the above
2.During the manufacturing of a casting, the purpose of a riser is:
a. To introduce molten metal into the mould
b. To provide additional molten metal to allow for shrinkage during solidification
c. To allow excess heat to escape during solidification
d. To provide a vent for excess steam to escape
3.An effective method of recognising a film artifact is:
a.Viewing a film in daylight
b.Viewing film in reflected light from a viewer
c.Comparing both film shot with a double film technique
d.All of the above
4.The main reason for using a casting is that:
a..Castings are stronger than other metal product forms
b.Castings are normally of higher quality than other metal product forms
c.Complex shapes of minimum weight are easily manufactured
d.None of the above
5.A change in which of the following parameters would require a new X ray exposure chart?
a.kV
b.Required film density
c.Test piece thickness
d.All of the above
6.Static marks on radiographic film are caused by:
(a) An improperly grounded X ray tube
(b) Scratches on the lead screens
(c) Poor film handling technique
(d) Old film
7.Of the following radiographic sources, which emits the most penetrating radiation?
a.Co-60
1
b.Ra-22
c.Cs-137
d.Ir-192
8.Which of the following techniques would probably reduce the amount of back
scattered radiation reaching the film during a radiographic exposure?
a.Using a finer grained film
b.Backing the cassette with a sheet of lead
c.Removing lead screens
d.All of the above
9.Radiographic contrast is dependant on:
a.Density
b.Processing
c.Radiation energy
d.All of the above
10.A plot of film density versus log of relative exposure is called:
(e) An H&D curve
(f) A sensitometric curve
(g) A characteristic curve
(h) All of the above
11.The most common material used for targets in X ray tubes is:
(i) Tungsten
(j) Copper
(k) Silver
(l) Beryllium
12.A dark crescent shaped spot, clearly in the base metal adjacent to a weld would
probably be:
(m)Burn through
(n) Film crimp mark
(o) A crack
(p) A water spot on the film
2. Which of the following are potential
sources of scattered radiation?
2
(a) Test piece
(b) Cassette
(c) Floor
(d) All of the above
3. If the required exposure time for a
2220 GBq (60 curie) Ir-192 source is 2
minutes, what exposure time would be
required at 1110 GBq (30 curie) source:
(a) 2/3 minutes
(b) 60 minutes
(c) 2 minutes
(d) 4 minutes
4. An advantage of a larger grain film is:
(a) It has higher speed
(b) It has better definition
(c) It has lower speed
(d) None of the above
3
5. How does radiation intensity change with
increasing distance from the source?
(a) Inversely with distance
(b) Inversely with the square of distance
(c) Directly with distance
(d) Directly with the square of distance
6. A weld discontinuity which consists of
unmelted joint surfaces at the root, and
which may be caused by poor fit- up, is
called:
(a) Hot short cracking
(b) A slag inclusion
(c) Incomplete penetration
(d) Burn through
7. Mottling due to X ray diffraction can be
identified by:
(a) Noting a large change between two
successive exposures with the test piece
rotated slightly about the beam axis
(b) Noting a slight change between two successive
exposures with the test piece rotated slightly
about the beam axis
(c) Noting a characteristic pattern corresponding to the lattice spacing
(d) None of the above
8. Which of the following welding
discontinuities would be considered the
most serious?
(a) Porosity
(b) Incomplete penetration
(c) Crack
(d) Slag inclusions
9. A depression at the edge of a weld
where the base metal has been melted
during welding is called:
(a) Burn through
4
(b) Undercut
(c) Root concavity
(d) Root convexity
5
10. Which of the following would not be
considered a film artifact?
(a) Sugar
(b) Chemical streaks
(c) PI lines
(d) Pressure marks
11. Gamma ray or high voltage X ray
radiography, using film without lead
screens, is likely to result in:
(a) Mottling of the film
(b) Increased geometric unsharpness
(c) No apparent difference, but increased exposure time
(d) No apparent difference, but decreased exposure time
12. Which of the following would be
detrimental to radiographic image
sharpness?
(a) Small focal spot
(b) Small film focal distance
(c) Small object to film distance
(d) None of the above
13. A change in which the following
parameters would require a new X ray
exposure chart?
(a) kV
(b) X ray machine
(c) Test piece thickness
(d) All of the above
14. If the required exposure time for a
1850 GBq (50 curie) Ir-192 source is 4
minutes, what exposure time would be
required for 925 GBq (25 curie) source:
(a) 4 minutes
(b) 8 minutes
6
(c) 2 minutes
(d) 16 minutes
7
15. A radiograph is made using film X with
an exposure of 10 mA-min. Film density
obtained in the area of interest is 1.0. If
it is desired to achieve a density of 2.0 in
the area of interest, what exposure is
required? (Log relative exposure = 1.1
for a density of 1.0 and 1.62 for a
density of 2.0)
(a) 41.67 mA-min
(b) 10 mA-min
(c) 12.6 mA-min
(d) 33.1 mA-min
16. The least offensive of the following
welding discontinuities would probably be:
(a) Incomplete penetration
(b) Lack of fusion
(c) Slag inclusions
(d) Porosity
17. A quantity calculated by the formula,
0.693/(decay constant), is called:
(a) Half value layer
(b) Mass attenuation constant
(c) Half-life
(d) Specific activity
18. The density difference displayed from
one area of a film radiograph to another
is called:
(a) Subject contrast
(b) Radiographic contrast
(c) Film contrast
(d) Film latitude
19. The half-life of Co-60 is approximately:
(a) 74 days
(b) 129 days
8
(c) 5.3 years
(d) 30.1 years
9
20. Increasing the mA setting on an X ray
machine:
(a) Decreases exposure time
(b) Increases exposure time
(c) Increases the short wavelength components of the X ray beam
(d) Decreases the short wavelength components of the X ray beam
21. Which of the following would be
considered a film artifact?
(a) Excessive film density
(b) Light leaks
(c) Inadequate penetration
(d) Sugar
22. Which of the following would be
detrimental to radiographic image
sharpness?
(a) Small focal spot
(b) Large film focal distance
(c) Small object to film distance
(d) None of the above
23. The half-life of Ir-192 is approximately:
(a) 74 days
(b) 129 days
(c) 5.3 years
(d) 30.1 years
24. A dark crescent shaped mark in the
centre of a weld bead radiographic
image would probably be:
(a) A film artifact
(b) Porosity
(c) A tungsten inclusion
(d) Root concavity
10
25. A photon-nuclear interaction in which
energy is converted into sub-atomic
particles is called:
(a) The photoelectric effect
(b) The Compton effect
(c) Pair production
(d) Bremsstrahlung
26. An interaction in which radiation is
produced by the rapid deceleration of an
electron is called:
(a) The photoelectric effect
(b) The Compton effect
(c) Pair production
(d) Bremsstrahlung
27. The gamma factor of Tm-170 is:
(a) 1.37 R·h-1·Ci-1 at one metre
(b) 0.59 R·h-1·Ci-1 at one metre
(c) 0.0062 R·h-1·Ci-1 at one metre
(d) 0.38 R·h-1·Ci-1 at one metre
28. An exposed radiographic film which
transmits 1% of the light incident on it
has what density:
(a) 1.0
(b) 2.0
(c) 99.0
(d) 0.5
29. If the radiation intensity is 5 Gy/h (500
R/h) at a distance of 152.4 cm (5 feet)
from a source, what is the intensity at
1524 cm (50 feet)?
(a) 0.5 Gy/h (50 R/h)
(b) 1.0 Gy/h (100 R/h)
(c) 0.1 Gy/h (10 R/h)
11
(d) 0.05 Gy/h (5 R/h)
12
1.1.2 Radiographic Testing Level 2 (RT-2) Specific Examination
1. Contrast and definition are the two major
factors that determine the of
the radiograph:
(a) Density
(b) Sensitivity
(c) Graininess
(d) Intensity
2. Scatter radiation:
(a) Is not controllable
(b) Is controllable to some extent, but cannot be completely eliminated
(c) Can be eliminated completely by changing the kV
(d) Can be eliminated completely by using lead intensifying screens
3. Which of the following factors will affect
the definition of the radiographic image?
(a) Intensity of radiation
(b) Film density
(c) Tube current
(d) Focal spot size
4. Slow films:
(a) Give better definition than fast films
(b) Are faster than fast films
(c) Require shorter exposure times than fast films
(d) Usually have less contrast than fast films
5. Contrast is defined as the comparison
between on different areas of
the radiograph:
(a) Density
(b) Sensitivity
(c) Sharpness
(d) Latitude
13
6. Definition is defined as the measure of
the of the outline of the
image in the radiograph.
(a) Density
(b) Sensitivity
(c) Sharpness
(d) Latitude
7. As radiation (X ray or gamma ray) energy
is lowered:
(a) Radiation of longer wavelength and better penetration is produced
(b) Radiation of shorter wavelength and better penetration is produced
(c) Radiation of shorter wavelength and less penetration is produced
(d) Radiation longer wavelength and less penetration is produced
8. Dark crescent-shaped indications on a
radiographic film are most likely caused by:
(a) Crimping film after exposure
(b) Crimping film before exposure
(c) Sudden extreme temperature change while processing
(d) Warm or exhausted fixer
9. Lead screen are primarily used to:
(a) Improve the quality of the radiography by increasing the effect of scatter
radiation
(b) Intensify the primary beam
(c) Decrease film graininess
(d) Reduce density of film
10. Static marks are most often caused by:
(a) Film bent when inserted in a cassette or holder
(b) Foreign material or dirt imbedded in screens
(c) Scratches on lead foil screens
(d) Improper film handling techniques
11. When radiographic energy is decreased:
14
(a) The subject contrast decreases
(b) The film contrast decreases
(c) The subject contrast increases
(d) The film contrast decreases
12. The major cause for poor definition is:
(a) A source-to-film distance which is too long
(b) Screens which are too thin
(c) Film graininess
(d) Too small a source size
13. In order to increase latitude so that thick
and thin portions may be radiographed at
reasonable viewing densities
simultaneously:
(a) Fluorescent screen should be employed
(b) Led screens should be at least 5 mm thick
(c) The cassette may be loaded with two separate films of different speeds
(d) Radiograph the object at low energy
14. A dark circle type indication appearing
on a radiograph that is the result of the
failure of a core support to completely
melt is called:
(a) A hot tear
(b) A gas hole
(c) An unfused chaplet
(d) A spongy shrink
15. Dark rounded indications with rather
smooth edges appear on the radiograph
of casting made in sand mould. These
indications would be interpreted as:
(a) Slag inclusions
(b) Misrun
(c) Shrinkage
(d) Gas holes
15
16. A dark, sharply defined, straight line in
the centre of the weld, and running
parallel with the length of the weld
should be interpreted as:
(a) Porosity
17. rk, jagged, linear indication appears on a
radiograph of a casting. The area is a
transition area between a thick and a thin
section. This indication should be
interpreted as:
(a) A hot tear
(b) A gas hole
(c) An unfused chaplet
(d) A spongy shrink
18. In a radiograph of a weld there is an
indication appearing at the end of the
weldbead. It appears as a dark rounded
indication with fine small tails coming
from around the rounded indication
giving it some what of a star-shaped
appearance. This would probably be:
(a) A crater crack
(b) A slag inclusion
(c) Root concavity
(d) A star crack
19. The density of the radiograph through
the weld area is 3.2 while the density in
the base metal is 2.9. This would
probably indicate:
(a) Too high a kV was used
(b) Too low a kV was used
(c) There is excessive weld reinforcement
(d) Weld underfill
20. When radiographing a part which contains
a crack, it will appear on the radiograph as:
(a) A dark continuous line
(b) A light, irregular line
16
(c) Either a dark or light line
(d) A dark linear indication which could be continuous or intermittent
17
1.1.3 Radiographic Testing Level 2 (RT-2) Answers to
questions
Radiographic Testing Level 2 Answers to Questions
General Examination Specific Examination
35 69 35 69
36 70 36 70
37 71 37 71
38 72 38 72
39 73 39 73
40 74 40 74
41 75 41 75
42 76 42 76
43 77 43 77
10 44 78 10 44 78
11 45 79 11 45 79
12 46 80 12 46 80
13 47 81 13 47
14 48 82 14 48
15 49 83 15 49
16 50 84 16 50
17 51 85 17 51
18 52 86 18 52
19 53 87 19 53
20 54 88 20 54
21 55 21 55
22 56 22 56
23 57 23 57
24 58 24 58
25 59 25 59
26 60 26 60
27 61 27 61
28 62 28 62
29 63 29 63
30 64 30 64
31 65 31 65
32 66 32 66
33 67 33 67
34 68 34 68
18
