Mathematics Advanced Higher School Certificate Examinations by Topics compiled by projectmaths.com.

au page 1

MATHEMATICS ADVANCED
Selected NESA Topic Guidance Qs

Question
Year 11 Course Year 12 Course Difficulty
Easy
Functions Functions
F1.1 Algebraic techniques F2 Graphing techniques Mid-range
F1.2 Introduction to functions Trigonometric Functions
F1.3 Linear, quadratic & cubic functions Difficult
T3 Trig functions and graphs
F1.4 Further functions & relations Calculus
Trigonometric Functions C2.1 Diff of trig, exp & log fns
T1.1 Trigonometry C2.2 Rules of differentiation
T1.2 Radians C3.1 The first & second derivs
T2 Trigonometric functions & identities C3.2 Applications of the deriv
Calculus C4.1 The anti-derivative
C1.1 Gradients of tangents C4.2 Areas & the definite integral
C1.2 Difference quotients Financial Mathematics
C1.3 The derivative function & its graph M1.1 Modelling investments & loans
C1.4 Calculating with derivatives M1.2 Arithmetic sequences & series
Exponential & Logarithmic Functions M1.3 Geometric sequences & series
E1.1 Introducing logarithms M1.4 Financial apps of sequences & series
E1.2 Logarithmic laws & applications Statistical Analysis
E1.3 Exponential function & natural logs S2.1 Data and summary statistics
E1.4 Graphs & apps of exp & log functions S2.2 Bivariate data analysis
Statistical Analysis S3.1 Continuous random variables
S1.1 Probability & Venn diagrams S3.2 The normal distribution
S1.2 Discrete probability distributions

Mathematics Advanced, Ext 1, Ext 2 Reference Sheet (2021 HSC)

HSC Examination Papers
Questions by Topic from …
Mathematics Advanced (2021,
• 2021, 2020 Mathematics Advanced HSC and 2019 – 2017 Mathematics HSC 2020), Mathematics (2019-2017),
Mathematics Standard 2 (2021-
• NESA Sample Examination Paper [MA SP] and other examination questions [MA SQ] 2019), Mathematics General 2,
Mathematics Extension 1 (2017-
• Selected NESA Topic Guidance questions [TG] 2021) © NSW Education Standards
• Selected NESA Maths Stand 2 Sample exam questions [MS SQ] (common topics) Authority for and on behalf of the
Crown in right of the state of New
• Selected Qs from 2021 – 2017 Maths Extension 1 and 2021 – 2017 Maths Stand 2/General HSCs South Wales.

• NESA’s Mathematics Standard 2 Sample exam questions [MS SQ]

HSC exam papers © NSW Education Standards Authority for and on behalf of the Crown in right of State of NSW
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Year 11: Functions

F1.1 Algebraic techniques Back

TG 1 Simplify Solution

3
x
(a)   ÷ (x2y–3)
y
1 5
(b) x 3 × x 3
(c) 3 2 + 5 18
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Functions

TG 2 5 3
Solution
Express with a rational denominator.
4 2
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Functions
TG 3 1 Solution
If = (x + a)m, write down the value of m.
(x + a)
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Functions
TG 4 Simplify the following: Solution

x x +1
(a) –
3 5
1 1
(b) +
x y
x 2 + 3x + 2
(c)
x +2
3m − 6m2 8m
(d) ×
4 2
m − 2m
x +1 2x + 1
(e) –
x 3x
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Functions
TG 5 Working alone, worker A can complete a task in a hours, and worker B can complete Solution

1
the same task in b hours. This means that A can complete of the task in one hour.
a
(a) Write an algebraic expression for the fraction of the task that could be completed
in one hour if A and B work together.
(b) What does the reciprocal of this fraction represent?
NENESA Mathematics Advanced SA Year 11 Topic Guide: Functions
TG 6 A thin lens has focal length p, while another thin lens has a focal length q. The lenses Solution

are separated by a distance d. Find their combined focal length, which is given by the
1 1 d
reciprocal of ( + – ).
p q pq
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Functions

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TG 7 The average cost per unit for the production of x units is given as Solution

Average Cost = Total cost ÷ x.

A company producing a certain product finds that the average cost of production is
6000
given by + 65 + 0.1x where x is the number of units of the product.
x
(a) Write this expression as a single fraction.
(b) Find an expression for the total cost for the production of x units by the company.
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Functions

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Year 11: Functions

F1.2 Introduction to functions Back

TG 1 The function g(m) = m2 has the given domain 1  m  7. Solution

What is the range?

NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Functions
TG 2 Sketch the graph of a relation that is not a function. Solution
NENESA Mathematics Advanced SA Year 11 Topic Guide: Functions
TG 3 Find the domain and range of the functions: Solution

(a) f(x) = (x − 4)
(b) g(t) = t2 + 1
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Functions
TG 4 Which of the following functions are even functions? What are odd functions? Solution

Which are neither even nor odd?Justify your answers.

(a) f(x) = 4x
(b) f(x) = 2x7
(c) f(x) = x3 + 5
(d) f(x) = x3 + 3x2
(e) f(x) = x4 + 3x2
6x3
(f) f(x) =
x2 + x 4
(g) f(x) = 2x
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Functions
TG 5 For the functions listed below, use the horizontal line test to determine which are Solution

one-to-one functions.
(a) f(x) = 4x
(b) f(x) = 2x7
(c) f(x) = x3 + 5
(d) f(x) = x3 + 3x2
(e) f(x) = x4 + 3x2
6x3
(f) f(x) =
x2 + x 4
(g) f(x) = 2x
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Functions
TG 6 A function has a domain of –2  x  2, and a range of 1  f(x)  6. Solution

It is also known that f(x) is an even function.

Draw a possible graph of y = f(x).
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Functions

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Year 11: Functions

F1.3 Linear, quadratic and cubic functions Back

TG 1 The income from selling raffle tickets for Joan’s club varies directly with the number Solution

of tickets sold.
If Joan has collected $75 from the sale of 30 tickets, how much would she collect
from the sale of 50 tickets?
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Functions
TG 2 Find the equation of the line that has a gradient of 3 and passes through the point Solution

(2, –5) and hence determine if the point (5, 8) lies on the line?
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Functions
TG 3 Find the equation of the line that passes through the points (–2, 4) and (1, 12). Solution
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Functions
TG 4 Find the equation of the line that is parallel to the line 2x + 6y – 7 = 0 and crosses Solution

the x-axis at x = 3.
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Functions
TG 5 Sketch the graph of the parabola y = x2 – 4x – 5, indicating the coordinates of the Solution

vertex and the intercepts on the axes.

NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Functions
TG 6 Find the maximum value of y given y = 8 + 2x – x2. Solution
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Functions
TG 7 Show that the four points (0, 0), (2, 1), (3, –1), (1, –2) are the corners of a Solution

square.
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Functions
TG 8 Given that A, B and C are the points (–1, –2), (2, 5) and (4, 1) respectively, find D Solution

so that ABCD is a parallelogram.

NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Functions
TG 9 Find the coordinates of the point A on the line x = –3, such that the line joining A to Solution

B(3, 5) is perpendicular to the line 2x + 5y = 12.

NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Functions
TG 10 Find the range of values of k for which the expression x2 – 2x + (3 – 2k) is always Solution

positive.
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Functions
TG 11 It is estimated that a certain river can sustain 80 000 fish if there is no pollution, Solution

and that for each tonne of pollution in the river, 2500 fewer fish can be supported.
Assuming a linear relationship, write an equation linking the number of fish (y) and
the number of tonnes of pollution (x) and represent this relationship graphically.
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Functions
TG 12 Peter owns a publishing company and sells calendars for $30 each. Solution

The cost of producing these calendars includes a set-up cost of $5000 and additional
costs of $5 per calendar.
What is his break-even point?
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Functions
TG 13 Margaret is obtaining quotes for a celebration. Solution

Caterer A charges $500 plus $20 per guest, while Caterer B charges $200 plus $80
per guest.
Represent these costs both algebraically and graphically and describe how the prices
of the two companies compare.
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Functions
TG 14 Shalma uses a straight-line depreciation model of 9% of the original price per annum Solution

to depreciate the cost of furniture originally values at $4000.

Construct a function to represent the value of the furniture after x years, and state
the domain and range of the function.
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Functions

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09 5a In the diagram, the points A and C lie on the Solution

M y-axis and the point B lies on the x-axis. The

line AB has equation y = 3 x − 3.
The line BC is perpendicular to AB.

(i) Find the equation of the line BC. 2

(ii) Find the area of the triangle ABC. 2

NESA 2009 Mathematics HSC Examination

08 2b Let M be the midpoint of (–1,4) and (5,8). 2 Solution

M 1
Find the equation of the line through M with gradient − .
2
NESA 2008 Mathematics HSC Examination
08 3a In the diagram ABCD is a quadrilateral. The Solution

M equation of the line AD is 2x – y – 1 = 0.

(i) Show that ABCD is a trapezium by showing 2
BC is parallel to AD.
(ii) The line CD is parallel to the 1
x-axis. Find the co-ordinates of D.
(iii) – (v) Not in Maths Adv course

NESA 2008 Mathematics HSC Examination

07 1f Find the equation of the line that passes through the point (−1, 3) and is 2 Solution

M perpendicular to 2x + y + 4= 0.
NESA 2007 Mathematics HSC Examination
06 3a In the diagram, A, B and C are the points Solution

M (1, 4), (5, –4) and (–3, –1) respectively.

The line AB meets the y-axis at D.
(i) Show that the equation of the 2
line AB is 2x + y – 6 = 0.
(ii) Find the coordinates of the point D. 1
(iii), (iv) Not in Maths Adv course

NESA 2006 Mathematics HSC Examination

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05 3c In the diagram, A, B and C are the points Solution

M (6, 0), (9, 0) and (12, 6) respectively. The

equation of the line OC is x – 2y = 0. The
point D on OC is chosen so that AD is parallel
to BC. The point E on BC is chosen so that DE
is parallel to the x-axis.
(i) Show that the equation of the line AD 2
is y = 2x – 12
(ii) Find the coordinates of the point D. 2
(iii) Find the coordinates of the point E. 1
(iv), (v) Not in Maths Adv course
NESA 2005 Mathematics HSC Examination

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Year 11: Functions

F1.4 Further functions and relations Back

Syllabus: updated November 2019. Latest version @

https://educationstandards.nsw.edu.au/wps/portal/nesa/11-12/stage-6-learning-areas/stage-6-mathematics/mathematics-advanced-2017

S
T
A
N
D
A
R
D

Reference
Sheet

MA 6 What are the values of x for which |3 – 4x| = 4? 1 Solution

SP Band
7 1 7 1
4-5 A. x = – and x = – B. x = – and x =
4 4 4 4
7 1 7 1
C. x = and x = – D. x = and x =
4 4 4 4
NESA Mathematics Advanced Sample Examination Paper (2020)
MA 25 A circle is given by the equation x + y2 + 4x – 10y = –16.
2
2 Solution
Band
SP Find the centre and radius of this circle.
3-5
NESA Mathematics Advanced Sample Examination Paper (2020)
TG 1 Solve: Solution

(a) |5x| = 12
(b) Solve |5x + 1| = 6
(c) Find the values of t for which |t|  2 and plot the solution on a number line.
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Functions
TG 2 Sketch the graph of the function f(x) = (x – 1)3(x + 2), identifying all important Solution

features.
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Functions
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TG 3 1 Solution
Sketch the graph of y = , identifying any asymptotes and any intercepts on the
x −3
axes.
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Functions
TG 4 Fred has made an electrical circuit in which the current varies inversely with the Solution

resistance.
When the resistance is 10 units, the current is 8.6 units.
What is the current when the resistance is 12 units?
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Functions
TG 5 Hussein finds that for a certain species of fish the mass of a fish is directly proportional Solution

to the cube of the length of the fish.

For this species, if a fish of length 25 cm has a mass of 870 g, what is the length of a
fish that has a mass of 1.3 kg?
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Functions
TG 6 The damage caused by a moving car when it hits an object is called the ‘collision impact’ Solution

and is proportional to the square of the speed of the car.

What happens to the collision impact when the speed of a car is:
(a) doubled?
(b) reduced by one-third?
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Functions
TG 7 Under certain conditions, the stopping distance of a car once the brakes are applied is Solution

directly proportional to the square of the speed at which the car is going when the
brakes are first applied. If a car travelling at 60 km/h takes 43.2 metres to stop, how far
does it take to stop if it is travelling at:
(a) 30 km/h?
(b) 67 km/h?
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Functions
TG 8 In her assignment, Pat is representing the populations of cities using circles. The area of Solution

each circle is directly proportional to the population of the city it represents.

(a) If a city of population 20 000 is represented by a circle of radius 1.5 cm, what
would be the radius of the circle representing:
(i) City A, population 10 000?
(ii) City B, population 36 500?
(b) Would Pat be able to use a circle to represent a city of population 4 500 000?
Explain your answer.
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Functions
TG 9 x Solution
Use a table of values to assist in explaining why the function f(x) = has only two
|x|
values in its range.
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Functions
TG 10 Sketch the graph of: Solution

4
(a) f(x) = + 3 and g(x) = 1 + f(x)
x
(b) f(x) = |2x – 3|
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Functions
TG 11 Simplify the expression: Solution

(a) |x| + 3x, given x < 0

(b) |x – 1| + 3, given x > 1
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Functions

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Year 11: Trigonometric Functions

T1.1 Trigonometry Back

TG 1 In the diagram, OAB is a sector of the circle with Solution

centre O and radius 6 cm, where  AOB = 30o.

Determine the exact value of the area of the
triangle OAB.

NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Trigonometric functions

TG 2 Find the value of x in the following diagram. Solution

17 13
M a

NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Trigonometric functions

NESA 2017 Mathematics HSC Examination
TG 3 Chris leaves island A in a boat and sails Solution

142 km on a bearing of 078o to island B.

14 13 Chris then sails on a bearing of 191o for
M d 220 km to island C, as shown in the diagram.
(a) Show that the distance from island C to
island A is approximately 210 km.
(b) Chris wants to sail from island C directly to
island A. On what bearing should Chris
sail? Give your answer correct to the
nearest degree.

NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Trigonometric functions

NESA 2014 Mathematics HSC Examination
TG 4 Determine the possible dimensions for triangle ABC given AB = 5.4 cm,  BAC = 32o Solution

and BC = 3 cm.
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Trigonometric functions
TG 5 A person walks 2000 metres due north Solution

along a road from point A to point B.

The point A is due east of a mountain
OM, where M is the top of the
mountain. The point O is directly
below point M and is on the same
horizontal plane as the road. The
height of the mountain above point O
is h metres.
From point A, the angle of elevation to
the top of the mountain is 15o. From point B, the angle of elevation to the top of the
mountain is 13o.
Determine the height of the mountain
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Trigonometric functions

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TG 6 The Eiffel Tower is located in Paris, a city built on a flat floodplain. Three tourists Solution

A, B and C are observing the Eiffel Tower from the ground. A is due north of the
tower, C is due east of the tower, and B is on the line-of-sight from A to C and
between them. The angles of elevation to the top of the Eiffel Tower from A, B
and C are 26o, 28o and 30o, respectively. Determine the bearing of B from the
Eiffel Tower.
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Trigonometric functions

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Year 11: Trigonometric Functions

T1.2 Radians Back

TG 1 Solve, if 0  x  2, Solution

(a) 3 sin x = cos x

(b) 2 cos 2x = 0
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Trigonometric functions
TG 2 Find the exact values of: Solution

4
(a) cos 
3
5
(b) sin 
6
(c) tan (–45o)
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Trigonometric functions
TG 3 3 Solution
Convert radians to degrees.
95 1c 5
M NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Trigonometric functions
NESA 1995 Mathematics HSC Examination
TG 4    2  Solution
Find the exact value of sin   + sin  
4  3 
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Trigonometric functions
TG 5 Solve 2 sin x = 1 for –2  x  2 Solution

NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Trigonometric functions

TG 6 Find the perimeter and the area of the segment cut off by a chord PQ of length 8 cm in a Solution

circle centre O and radius 6 cm.

Give your answers correct to 3 significant figures.
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Trigonometric functions
TG 7 A chord of a circle which subtends an angle of  at the centre of the circle cuts off a Solution

1
segment equal in area to of the area of the whole circle.
3
2
(a) Show that  – sin  = 
3
(b) Verify that  = 2.61 radians, correct to 2 decimal places.
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Trigonometric functions

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Year 11: Trigonometric Functions

T1.3 Trigonometric functions and identities Back

TG 1 Find the exact values of: Solution

2
(a) sec 
3
5
(b) cosec 
6
2
(c) cot (– )
3
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Trigonometric functions
TG 2 On the same set of axes, sketch y = sin x and y = cot x for 0  x  2. Solution

Find the values of x for which sin x = cot x.

NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Trigonometric functions
TG 3 Show that: Solution

(a) tan  + cot  = sec  cosec 

1 + cos  1
(b) =
2
sin  1 − cos 
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Trigonometric functions
TG 4 If tan A = p, express in terms of p: tan (180o + A) + tan (360o + A). Solution
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Trigonometric functions
TG 5 Solve 2 sin2 x – 3 sin x – 2 = 0 for 0  x  2. Solution

NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Trigonometric functions

TG 6 1 + sin x Solution
(a) Prove that sec2 x + sec x tan x = 
2
cos x
2 1
(b) Hence prove that sec x + sec x tan x = 
1 − sin x
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Trigonometric functions
TG 7 2
Express 5 cot x – 2 cosec x + 2 in terms of cosec x and hence solve the equation Solution

5 cot2 x – 2 cosec x + 2 = 0 for 0  x  2.

NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Trigonometric functions

TG 8 Solution
15 1
Given that cot  = − , and that  <  < . Find the values of:
8 2

(a) cosec 
(b) cos 
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Trigonometric functions

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Year 11: Calculus

C1.1 Gradients of tangents Back

TG 1 1 Solution
Given the function y = , for what values of x is the function
x −3
(a) continuous?
(b) discontinuous?
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Calculus
TG 2 Solution

{
4 – x2 for x < 0
A function is defined as follows: f(x) = ax + b for 0  x  2
(x – 2)2 for x > 2

Find the values of a and b which would ensure that f(x) is continuous.
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Calculus
TG 3 Find the equation of the line that is inclined at 30o to the positive x-axis and passes Solution

through the point (0, 2).

NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Calculus

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Year 11: Calculus

C1.2 Difference quotients Back

TG 1 For each of the following functions determine the values of x for which the function is Solution

increasing and when the function is decreasing.

(a) f(x) = 4x
(b) f(x) = 2x7
(c) f(x) = x3 + 5
(d) f(x) = x4 + 3
1
(e) f(x) =
2
x +4
2
(f) f(x) =
x −3
(g) f(x) = |x|

|x|
(h) f(x) =
x
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Calculus
TG 2 A particle P moves along a straight line for 8 seconds, Solution

starting at the fixed point S at time t = 0.

At time t seconds, P is x(t) metres to the right of S.
The graph of x(t) is shown in the diagram.
(a) At approximately what times is the velocity of the
particle equal to 0?
(b) At approximately what time is the particle moving
with the greatest velocity?

NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Calculus

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Year 11: Calculus

C1.3 The derivative function and its graph Back

TG 1 Use differentiation by first principles to verify that if y = x2 + 5x, the gradient function Solution

is y ’ = 2x + 5.
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Calculus
TG 2 Given the equation y = x2 + 3x, using first principles determine y ’ and hence find the Solution

equation of the tangent to the curve at (1, 4).

NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Calculus
TG 3 Use differentiation by first principles to verify that if y = 3x2 – x, the gradient function is Solution

y ’ = 6x – 1.
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Calculus
TG 4 The diagram shows the graph of a function Solution

y = f(x).
(a) For which values of x is the derivative,
f ’(x), negative?
(b) What happens to f ’(x), for large values
of x?
(c) Sketch the graph y = f ’(x).

NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Calculus

TG 5 The diagram shows the graph of the gradient Solution

function of the curve.

For what value of x does f(x) have a local
minimum? Justify your answer.

NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Calculus

TG 6 The graph shows the displacement of a Solution

particle that is moving in a horizontal line.

(a) Describe in words the motion of the
particle during the first seven
minutes.
(b) Sketch the graph of the velocity of
the particle as a function of time.

NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Calculus

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Year 11: Calculus

C1.4 Calculating with derivatives Back

TG 1 Find the derivative of: Solution

(a) f(x) = x7
(b) f(t) = t
1
(c) g(x) =
x3
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Calculus
TG 2 Differentiate: Solution

(a) f(x) = 5x3 – 3x2 + 8x + 2

(b) f(x) = x2 + 1
x +1
(c) f(x) =
x −1
1
(d) f(x) =
2
x − 2x + 2

(e) f(x) = x2(x + 3)10

NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Calculus
TG 3 The line y = mx + c is a tangent to the curve y = x3 – 3x + 1 at the point (–2, –1). Solution

Find the values of m and c.

NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Calculus
TG 4 Find the equations of the tangents to the curve y = x2 – 4x at the points where the Solution

curve cuts the x-axis.

Where do the tangent lines meet?
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Calculus
TG 5 The displacement x metres from the origin at time t seconds of a particle travelling in a Solution

straight line is given by x = t3 – 9t, where t  0.

(a) Find the velocity at time t seconds.
(b) Calculate the velocity when t = 2.
(c) Find the time when the particle is stationary.
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Calculus

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Year 11: Exponential and Logarithmic Functions

E1.1 Introducing logarithms Back

TG 1 Convert the following to exponential form: log10 10 000 = 4. Solution

NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Exponential and logarithmic functions

TG 2 Convert the following to logarithmic form: 52 = 25. Solution

NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Exponential and logarithmic functions

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Year 11: Exponential and Logarithmic Functions

E1.2 Logarithmic Laws and Applications Back

TG 1 Evaluate the following, without the use of a calculator: Solution

(a) log2 32
(b) log4 0.25
1
(c) log3
81
(d) loga a4
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Exponential and logarithmic functions

TG 2 Solve: Solution

(a) 5x = 7
(b) log5 x = –3
(c) logx 128 = 3.5
(d) log10 (x + 4) – log10 (x – 5) = 1
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Exponential and logarithmic functions

TG 3 On the Richter scale, the magnitude R of an earthquake of intensity I is given by the Solution

I
formula R = log10 ( ), where I0 is a reference intensity used for comparisons.
I0
(a) Find R for an earthquake that is 4.3 million times more intense than the reference
intensity.
(b) An earthquake measured 8.5 on the Richter scale. How many times more intense is
this than the reference intensity?
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Exponential and logarithmic functions
TG 4 On the decibel scale, the loudness L of a sound of intensity S is given by Solution

S
L = 10 log10 ( ), where S0 is a reference intensity used for comparisons.
S0
(a) A sound that causes pain in humans is about 1014 times more intense than S0.
Find L for a sound of this intensity.
(b) How many times more intense is the sound of a heated argument (about 67
decibels) than the sound of a quiet room (about 31 decibels)?
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Exponential and logarithmic functions
TG 5 The pH value of a solution is given by the formula pH = –log10 [H+], where [H+] is the Solution

concentration of hydrogen ions in moles per litre.

(a) Find pH values for each of the following:
(i) blood ([H+] = 3.98 × 10–8)
(ii) beer ([H+] = 6.3 × 10–5)
(b) Find the concentration of hydrogen ions in moles per litre for the following:
(i) eggs (pH = 7.8)
(ii) water (pH = 7.0)
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Exponential and logarithmic functions

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Year 11: Exponential and Logarithmic Functions

E1.3 Exponential Function and Natural Logarithms Back

TG 1 If a = ex, simplify loge a2. Solution

NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Exponential and logarithmic functions
TG 2 Solve the equation: 2 ln x = ln (5 + 4x). Solution
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Exponential and logarithmic functions
TG 3 Differentiate f(x) = 5ex and hence find the gradient of the function when x = 2. Solution

NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Exponential and logarithmic functions

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Year 11: Exponential and Logarithmic Functions

E1.4 Graphs and Applications of Exponential and
Logarithmic Functions Back

TG 1 Solve the following: Solution

(a) 73x = 492x–3

(b) 4x – 12(2)x = –32
(c) 2e2x – ex = 0
3
(d) loge x – =2
loge x
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Exponential and logarithmic functions
TG 2 The spread of a highly contagious virus can be modelled by the function Solution

4000
f(x) =
1 + 1000e −0.07 x
where x is the number of days after the first case of sickness due to the virus has
been diagnosed and f(x) is the total number of people who are infected by the virus in
the first x days.
Find and interpret the meaning of f(0), f(14) and f(365).
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Exponential and logarithmic functions
TG 3 In 2010, the city of Thagoras modelled Solution

the predicted population of the city

using the equation P = A(1.04)n. That
12 30 year, the city introduced a policy to
MG c slow its population growth.
The new predicted population was
modelled using the equation
P = A(b)n.
In both equations, P is the predicted
population and n is the number of
years after 2010. The graph shows the
two predicted populations.
(a) Use the graph to find the predicted
population of Thagoras in 2030 if
the population policy had NOT been
introduced.
(b) In each of the two equations given,
the value of A is 3 000 000.
What does A represent?
(c) The guess-and-check method is to
be used to find the value of b, in
P = A(b)n.
(i) Explain, with or without
calculations, why 1.05 is not a
suitable first estimate for b.
(ii) With n = 20 and P = 4 460 000, use the guess-and-check method and the
equation P = A(b)n to estimate the value of b to two decimal places.
Show at least TWO estimate values for b, including calculations and
conclusions.
(d) The city of Thagoras was aiming to have a population under 7 000 000 in 2050.
Does the model indicate that the city will achieve this aim?
Justify your answer with suitable calculations.
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Exponential and logarithmic functions
NESA 2012 Mathematics General HSC Examination

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Year 11: Statistical Analysis

S1.1 Probability and Venn Diagrams Back

Syllabus: updated November 2019. Latest version @

https://educationstandards.nsw.edu.au/wps/portal/nesa/11-12/stage-6-learning-areas/stage-6-mathematics/mathematics-advanced-2017

S
T
A
N
D
A
R
D

S
T
A
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D
A
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Reference
Sheet

TG 1 Six girls’ names and five boys’ names are placed in a hat. Solution

Two names are drawn without replacement.

What is the probability that a girl’s and a boy’s name are chosen?
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Statistical analysis
TG 2 In a raffle, 30 tickets are sold and there are two prizes. Solution

John buys five tickets.

What is the probability that John wins at least one prize?
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Statistical analysis
TG 3 In Australia, approximately 9% of the population has the blood type O negative. Solution

If three people are chosen at random from the population, find the probability that:
(a) none has O negative blood
(b) at least one has O negative blood.
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Statistical analysis

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TG 4 2 Solution
The manager of a team notices that the team has a probability of of winning the
3
1
game if it is raining and if it is dry, the probability of the team winning is . The
5
1
probability that it will rain on a day when they play is .
4
(a) Find the probability that they will not win.
(b) Given that the team has won a game, calculate the probability that it rained on
the day of the match.
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Statistical analysis
TG 5 Lou and Ali are on a fitness program for one Solution

month.
The probability that Lou will finish the
program successfully is 0.7 while the
10 20 probability that Ali will finish successfully is
MG 0.6.
The probability tree diagram shows this
information.

What is the probability that only one of Lou

and Ali will be successful?

NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Statistical analysis

NESA 2010 General Mathematics HSC Examination
TG 6 A bag contains two red balls, one black ball, and one white ball. Solution

Andrew selects one ball from the bag and keeps it hidden.
He then selects a second ball, also keeping it hidden.
(a) Draw a tree diagram to show all the possible outcomes.
(b) Find the probability that both the selected balls are red.
(c) Find the probability that at least one of the selected balls is red.
(d) Andrew drops one of the selected balls and we can see that it is red.
What is the probability that the ball that is still hidden is also red?
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Statistical analysis

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Year 11: Statistical Analysis

S1.2 Discrete Probability Distributions Back

TG 1 The total number of cars to be sold next Solution

week is described by the following

X 0 1 2 3 4
probability distribution.
p(X) 0.05 0.15 0.35 0.25 0.20
Determine the expected value and
standard deviation of X, the number of
cars sold.
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 11 Topic Guide: Statistical analysis

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Year 12: Functions

F2 Graphing Techniques Back

TG 1 Sketch on the same axes the graphs of y = f(x), y = g(x) and y = h(x), where f(x) = 3x, Solution

g(x) = 32x and h(x) = 2(3x).

NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Graphing Techniques
TG 2 Sketch the graph of the function g(x) = x2 – 9, state the range of g(x), and from the Solution

symmetry of the graph identify if g(x) is an odd function, an even function or neither
odd nor even.
Hence sketch the graph of the function f(x) = (x – 1)2 + 9, and from the symmetry of
the graph, identify if f(x) is an odd function, an even function or neither odd nor even.
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Graphing Techniques
TG 3 1 Solution
Sketch the graph of y = f(x) where f(x) = , identifying any asymptotes and any
x +3
intercepts on the axes.
Over what intervals is the function
(a) increasing?
(b) decreasing?
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Graphing Techniques
TG 4 Give a set of simple transformations which, when applied in succession, change the Solution

graph of y = x2 to the graph with equation y = 4 – 2x + x2.

NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Graphing Techniques
TG 5 Show that any function f of the form f(x) = ax, where a > 0, has the property that for all Solution

values of b, f(x + b) = f(x) f(b). Interpret this property in terms of transformations of

graphs.
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Graphing Techniques
2
TG 6 The curve y = kx + c is transformed by a translation, a dilation and a reflection Solution

respectively. The translation is 2 units in the negative -direction, the dilation is in the
y-direction with factor of 4 and the reflection is in the y-axis. The equation of the final
curve is y = 12x2 – 48x + 20.
(a) Find the equation of the graph:
(i) before the reflection
(ii)before the dilation.
(b) Find the values of k and c.
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Graphing Techniques
TG 7 4 Solution
Sketch the graphs of y = f(x) and y = g(x) where f(x) = and g(x) = 1 + f(x).
2x + 1
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Graphing Techniques
TG 8 x −3 Solution
Sketch the graph of y = f(x) where f(x) = , and state the domain and range.
x −1
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Graphing Techniques
TG 9 The graph of y = –3(x + 1) has been produced from the graph of y = x4 by three
4 Solution

successive transformations: a translation, a dilation and then a reflection.

Define each of the transformations clearly, and state the equation of the graph after
each of the first two transformations. Hence sketch the graph of y = –3(x + 1)4.
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Graphing Techniques

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TG 10 Which diagram best shows the graph of the parabola y = 3 – (x – 2)2? 1 Solution

16 3 (A) (B) (C) (D)

M

NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Graphing Techniques

NESA 2016 Mathematics HSC Examination
TG 11 On the same set of axes sketch the graphs of f(x) = x2 – 3 and g(x) = 2x. Solution

Hence or otherwise solve x2 – 3 > 2x.

NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Graphing Techniques
TG 12 (a) Sketch the graph y = |2x – 3|. 1 Solution

13 15 (b) Using the graph from part (a), or otherwise, find all values of m for which 2
M c the equation |2x – 3| = mx + 1 has exactly one solution.
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Graphing Techniques
NESA 2013 Mathematics HSC Examination
TG 13 The diagram shows the Solution

graph of a function y = f(x).

On the same set of axes,

sketch the graph of
y = 1 – f(x).

NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Graphing Techniques

TG 14 A particle is released and moves in a straight line so that its displacement x m from a Solution

4
fixed point O at time t seconds is given by x = 2 – .
t +1
(a) Find its initial displacement.
(b) At what time(s) is the particle at O?
(c) Sketch the x - t graph.
(d) A second particle is released at the same time.
It moves on the same straight line with displacement m from the point at time
t seconds given by x = 4 – t.
When and where will the particles will collide?
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Graphing Techniques

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Year 12: Trigonometric Functions

T3 Trigonometric Functions and Graphs Back

TG 1  1 Solution
Which diagram shows the graph y = sin(2x + )?
3

13 6 (A) (B)
M

(C) (D)

NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Trigonometric Functions

NESA 2013 Mathematics HSC Examination
TG 2 The diagram shows part of the graph of 1 Solution

y = a sin (bx) + 4.
What are the values of a and b?
19 7
1
M A. a = 3 b =
2
B. a = 3 b=2
1
C. a = 1.5 b=
2
D. a = 1.5 b=2
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Trigonometric Functions
NESA 2019 Mathematics HSC Examination
TG 3 What is the period of the function f(x) = tan (3x)? 1 Solution

16 6  2
(A) (B) (C) 3 (D) 6
M 3 3
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Trigonometric Functions
NESA 2016 Mathematics HSC Examination
TG 4 Sketch the curve y = 1 – sin2x for 0 ≤ x ≤  . 3 Solution

00 6a
M
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Trigonometric Functions
NESA 2000 Mathematics HSC Examination
TG 5 (a) Sketch the graph of y = 2 cos x for 0  x  2 . 5 Solution

96 7a (b) On the same set of axes, sketch the graph of y = 2 cos x – 1 for 0  x  2 .
M (c) Find the exact values of the x coordinates of the points where the graph of
y = 2 cos x – 1 crosses the x axis in the domain 0  x  2 .
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Trigonometric Functions
NESA 1996 Mathematics HSC Examination
TG 6 x 1 2 Solution
Solve sin   = for 0  x  2 ?
16 11 2
  2
M g
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Trigonometric Functions
NESA 2016 Mathematics HSC Examination

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TG 7 Solve 2 sin2 x – 3 sin x – 2 = 0 for 0  x  2. Solution

NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Trigonometric functions

TG 8 (a) Draw the graphs of y = 4 cos x and y = 2 – x on the same set of axes for Solution

–2  x  2 .
95 10
M a (b) Explain why all the solutions of the equation 4 cos x = 2 – x must lie between
x = –2 and x = 6.
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Trigonometric functions
NESA 1995 Mathematics HSC Examination
TG 9  1 1 Solution
(a) Show that x = is a solution of sin x = tan x.
99 10 3 2
M a (b) On the same set of axes, sketch the graphs of the functions y = sin x and 2
1
y= tan x for –  x  .
2
1   1
(c) Hence find all solutions of sin x = tan x for – <x< .
2 2 2
1   2
(c) Use your graphs to solve sin x  tan x for – <x< .
2 2 2
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Trigonometric Functions
NESA 1999 Mathematics HSC Examination
TG 10 The graph of y = 3 cos(2x + ) can be obtained from the graph of y = cos x by a Solution

translation followed by two dilations.

(a) Describe each of these three transformations, and give the number of roots of the
equation 3 cos(2x + ) = k, in the interval 0  x  2, where –3 < k < 3.
(b) Generalise your answer to give the number of roots of the equation
a cos(nx + ) = k in the interval 0  x  2, where a < 0, n is a positive integer
and –a < k < a.
(c) How does your answer to part (b) change if n is a negative integer?
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Trigonometric Functions
TG 11 A particle moves in a straight line. At time t seconds its distance x metres from a Solution

fixed point O in the line is given by x = 2 – 2 cos 2t.

(a) Sketch the graph of x as a function of t.
(b) Find the times when the particle is at rest and the position of the particle at those
times.
(c) Describe the motion.
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Trigonometric Functions
TG 12 The length of daylight, L(t), is defined as the number of hours from sunrise to Solution

 2 t 
sunset, and can be modelled by the equation L(t) = 12 + 2 cos   , where t is
18 15  366 
M a the number of days after 21 December 2015, for 0  t  366.
(a) Find the length of daylight on 21 December 2015. 1
(b) What is the shortest length of daylight? 1
(c) What are the two values of t for which the length of daylight is 11? 2
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Trigonometric Functions
NESA 2018 Mathematics HSC Examination

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TG 13 When humans breathe, they do not inflate their lungs to full capacity. When resting, each Solution

inhalation adds approximately 0.5 L of air and this same volume of air is removed upon
exhalation. When exhalation is completed, the volume of air that remains in the lungs,
called the functional residual capacity, is approximately 2.2 L. On average the time taken
to complete an inhale-exhale cycle is approximately 5 seconds.
The volume of air in the lungs can be modelled by the function V = k sin (at) + c where V
is the volume of air in litres and t is time in seconds.
2
(a) Use the time for an inhale-exhale cycle to show that the period of this function is .
5
(b) Explain why k = 0.25.
(c) Find the value of c.
(d) Sketch the graph of V = k sin (at) + c for 0  t  15 using these values of k, a and c.
(e) When exercising, the volume of air inhaled and exhaled rises and breathing occurs
more rapidly. Explain the effect this would have on the values of k, a and c.
(f) Humans have a full lung capacity of approximately 6 L. An athlete who is exercising
vigorously inhales approximately 4.6 L of air. Calculate the athlete’s residual lung
capacity.
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Trigonometric Functions

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Year 12: Calculus

C2.1 Differentiation of Trigonometric, Exponential
and Logarithmic Functions Back

TG 1 An object is attached to the end of a vertical spring. Solution

The object is released at time t = 0 and its position at time t is given by f(t) = 5 cos t.
Find the velocity and acceleration of the object and describe its motion.
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Calculus
TG 2 Donald is using the function f(x) = 2.55 + 14.6 ln x to model the percentage of women Solution

in the workforce of the USA, for the years between 1960 and 2002, with x being the
number of years after 1950.
In this context, find and interpret the values of f(12), f ’(12), f(22), f ’(22).
Use your results to describe how the number of women in the workforce has changed
over the time period. Suggest reasons for your answer.
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Calculus

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Year 12: Calculus Back

C2.2 Rules of Differentiation

TG 1 Find the derivative of: Solution

(a) f(x) = sin (3x + 5)

(b) f(t) = cos2  t

x
(c) y = 5 tan  
7
(d) f(t) = e–0.5t sin 2t
(e) y = 5 log (5 – x)
(f) f(x) = sin xo
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Calculus

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Year 12: Calculus

C3.1 The First and Second Derivatives Back
3 2
TG 1 Sketch the graph of the function f(x) = x + 3x – 9x – 9 by identifying stationary Solution

points and determining their nature.

NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Calculus
TG 2 1 Solution
By considering the sign of the first derivative, show that the function f(x) = is
3x − 2
decreasing throughout its domain.
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Calculus

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Year 12: Calculus

C3.2 Applications of the Derivative Back

TG 1 By finding stationary points and their nature and intercepts on axes, sketch the curve Solution

y = e–x sin 2x over the domain 0  x  .

NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Calculus
TG 2 1 4 Solution
Consider the curve y = x – x3.
4
(a) Find any stationary points and determine their nature.
(b) Find any points of inflection.
(c) Sketch the curve for –1.5  x  4.5, indicating where the curve crosses the
x-axis.
(d) For what values of x is the curve concave down?
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Calculus
TG 3 A box without a lid is made by cutting out four equal squares from the corners of a Solution

sheet of heavy card, then folding up the sides.

If the card has dimensions 20 cm by 10 cm, what are the dimensions of the box with
largest volume that can be constructed in this way?
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Calculus
TG 4 A right circular cone is inscribed in a sphere of Solution

radius a, centred at . The distance from the base

of the cone to the top of the sphere is x and the
06 9c radius of the base is r, as shown in the diagram.
M (a) Show that the volume, V, of the cone is given
1
by V = (2ax2 – x3).
3
(b) Find the value of x for which the volume of
the cone is a maximum.
Give reasons why this value of x gives the
maximum volume.
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Calculus
NESA 2006 Mathematics HSC Examination

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Year 12: Calculus Back

C4.1 The Anti-Derviative

TG 1 dy Solution
A function y(x) has the derivative = 4x3 + x2 – 5x + 1, and y(1) = 6.
dx
Find the function.
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Calculus
TG 2 Given that the function f(x) has derivative f’ (x) = 4x + 3 and that f(2) = 9, find the Solution

function.
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Calculus
TG 3 Determine the anti-derivatives of each function below: Solution

(a) f(x) = (3x – 2)5

1
(b) f(p) =
p
1
(c) f(t) =
t +1
r 5 − 2r 3
(d) g(r) =
r2
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Calculus
TG 4 The rate of change of the number of internet users in a large country is estimated as Solution

dy
= –2.54t + 31.2, where y is the number of millions of internet users and t is the
dt
number of years since 1995.
(a) If there were 57 million users of the internet in this country in 1997, find the
number of internet users in 2003.
(b) Discuss any limitations of this model, including the implications for large values
of t.
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Calculus

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Year 12: Calculus Back

C4.2 Areas and the Definite Integral

TG 1 The graph represents the function y
Solution

y = f(x).
10
8
Use the graph to evaluate the 6
10 4
integral  f (x) dx. 2
0
0 x
0 5 10

NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Calculus

TG 2 The graph represents the function y
Solution

y = g(x).
3

Use the formula for the area of a

3
circle to find  g(x) dx.
0
O 3 x
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Calculus
TG 3 The following table shows the velocity Solution

(in metres per second) of a moving object Time 30 40 50 60 70

evaluated at 10-second intervals.
Velocity 0 4.6 5.7 8 9.9
Use the trapezoidal rule to obtain an estimate
of the distance travelled by the object over
the time interval 30  t  70.
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Calculus
TG 4 An object is moving on the x-axis. Solution

dx
The graph shows the velocity, , of the
07 10 dt
M a object as a function of time t.
The coordinates of the points shown on the
graph are A(2, 1), B(4, 5), C(5, 0) and
D(6, –5 ).
The velocity is constant for t  6.
(a) Use the trapezoidal rule to estimate the
distance travelled between t = 0 and
t=4
(b) The object is initially at the origin.
When is the displacement of the object decreasing?
(c) Estimate the time at which the object returns to the origin. Justify your answer.
(d) Sketch the displacement x as a function of time.
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Calculus
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TG 5 Find the area bounded by the graph of y = 3x2 + 6, the x-axis, and the lines Solution

x = –2 and x = 2.
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Calculus
TG 6 2 Solution

x
3
(a) Show that dx = 0.
−2
(b) Explain why this is not representative of the area bounded by the graph of y = x3,
the x-axis, and the lines x = –2 and x = 2.
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Calculus
TG 7 Find the area bounded by the line y = 5 and the curve y = x2 – 4. Solution

NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Calculus

TG 8 Solution

 8x
3
Given Q(x) = dx, and Q(0) = 5, determine Q(x).

NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Calculus

TG 9 Sketch the region bounded by the curve y = x2 and the lines y = 4, y = 9. Solution

Evaluate the area of this region.

NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Calculus

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Year 12: Financial Mathematics Back

M1.1 Modelling Investments and Loans

TG 1 A spreadsheet is used to Solution

calculate values in a table

of loan repayments.
Calculate the row for n = 5
in the spreadsheet.

NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Financial Mathematics

TG 2 An amount of $3000 is Solution

invested and compounded

annually at 5%. Use the
table of compounded
values of $1 to find the
value of the investment
after three years.
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Financial Mathematics
TG 3 Grandparents wish to save $10 000 for their grandchild’s university expenses, and Solution

to have this amount available in eight years’ time.

Calculate the single sum they need to invest at 5% pa compounded annually.
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Financial mathematics
NESA Mathematics Standard 2 Year 12 Topic Guide: Financial mathematics
TG 4 Determine the single sum to be deposited if $10 000 is required in five years’ Solution

time and a rate of 3% pa, compounded quarterly, is available.

NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Financial mathematics
NESA Mathematics Standard 2 Year 12 Topic Guide: Financial mathematics
TG 5 A principal of $1000 is invested for three years at an interest rate of 5.6% pa Solution

compounded half-yearly.
Determine how much needs to be invested to achieve the same interest if the interest
rate was 3.5% pa compounded monthly.
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Financial mathematics
NESA Mathematics Standard 2 Year 12 Topic Guide: Financial mathematics
TG 6 It is predicted that a particular painting will appreciate at a rate of 5% per annum. Solution

Calculate its predicted value in 2020 if it was purchased in 2010 for $48 000.
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Financial mathematics
NESA Mathematics Standard 2 Year 12 Topic Guide: Financial mathematics
TG 7 An amount of $2000 is invested at an interest rate of 7% per annum. Find the value Solution

of the investment after three years if the interest is compounded

(a) annually
(b) quarterly
(c) monthly.
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Financial mathematics
TG 8 The value of an asset, currently priced at $150 000, is expected to increase by 12% Solution

per annum. After how many years will it be expected to be worth at least $1.2
million?
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Financial mathematics

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TG 9 Use the table of future Solution

value interest factors to

find the future value of an
annuity of $1200 per year
for three years at 5% per
annum.

NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Financial Mathematics

TG 10 Use the table to calculate Solution

the monthly repayment for

a car loan of $8000 at 9%
per annum for four years.

NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Financial Mathematics

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Year 12: Financial Mathematics Back

M1.2 Arithmetic Sequences and Series

TG 1 An office assistant is employed at an initial salary of $40 200 per annum. At the Solution

beginning of each subsequent year he receives an increment of $900. What is his salary
in his ninth year, and what will be his total earnings for the first nine years?
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Financial mathematics
TG 2 A young business owner’s new business makes a profit of $500 in its first month, with Solution

the profit then increasing by $500 each month.

What is its total profit at the end of 20 months?
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Financial mathematics
TG 3 You are offered a choice of two salary packages. Package A offers $40 000 in the first Solution

year and increases of $2000 each year, while package B offers $38 000 in the first year
and increases of $2200 each year. Which package would pay more in the tenth year?
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Financial mathematics
TG 4 The first five terms of a sequence are 4, 6, 10, 18, 34, … Solution

Which of the following recurrence relations could generate this sequence?

A. T1 = 4, Tn = Tn–1 + 2, n  2 B. T1 = 4, Tn = 2Tn–1 + 4, n  2
C. T1 = 4, Tn = 2Tn–1 – 4, n  2 D. T1 = 4, Tn = 2Tn–1 – 2, n  2
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Financial mathematics
TG 5 The first three terms of an arithmetic series are 3, 7 and 11. What is the 15 th term of Solution

this series?
A. 59 B. 63 C. 465 D. 495
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Financial mathematics
TG 6 In an arithmetic series, the fourth term is 7 and the sum of the first 16 terms is 160. Solution

Find the common difference.

NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Financial mathematics

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Year 12: Financial Mathematics

M1.3 Geometric Sequences and Series Back

Syllabus: updated November 2019. Latest version @

https://educationstandards.nsw.edu.au/wps/portal/nesa/11-12/stage-6-learning-areas/stage-6-mathematics/mathematics-advanced-2017

Reference
Sheet

TG 1 A sequence has an nth term given by Tn = 21 + 3n2. Find the first four terms of the Solution

sequence and state whether it is arithmetic, geometric, or neither.

NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Financial mathematics
TG 2 Which expression is a term of the geometric series 3x – 6x2 + 12x3 – ... ? 1 Solution

14 8 (A) 3072x10 (B) –3072x10 (C) 3072x11 (D) –3072x11

M
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Financial mathematics
NESA 2014 Mathematics HSC Examination
TG 3 A certain kind of washing process removes 60% of a stain on a fabric. Solution

(a) What proportion of the original stain is removed by three successive washes?
(b) How many washes are needed to remove 95% of the original stain?
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Financial mathematics
TG 4 A student is constructing a family tree. Solution

How many great-great-great-great-great grandparents should be included?

NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Financial mathematics
TG 5 As an employee earning $50 000 per year, would you prefer being given a $1200 pay Solution

increase each year for 10 years, or a 2% pay increase each year for 10 years?
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Financial mathematics
TG 6 How many terms of the geometric series 2 + 8 + 32 + … are needed to obtain a sum of Solution

699 050?
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Financial mathematics
TG 7 By summing the geometric series 1 + x + x2 + x3 + x4, or otherwise, 2 Solution

16 14 x5 − 1
find lim .
M d x →1 x −1
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Financial mathematics
NESA 2016 Mathematics HSC Examination

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TG 8 Jane had something posted on her Facebook page, asking her to share the post on five Solution

other friends’ walls. She does this and then they each post on five other people’s walls.
If the progression is not interrupted, how many people would have the post on their wall
after four progressions?
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Financial mathematics
TG 9 At the beginning of every 8-hour period, a patient is given 10 mL of a particular Solution

14 14 drug. During each of these 8-hour periods, the patient’s body partially breaks down
M d 1
the drug. Only of the total amount of the drug present in the patient’s body at
3
the beginning of each 8-hour period remains at the end of that period.
(i) How much of the drug is in the patient’s body immediately after the second 1
dose is given?
(ii) Show that the total amount of the drug in the patient’s body never exceeds 2
15 mL.
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Financial mathematics
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Year 12: Financial Mathematics Back

M1.4 Financial Applications of Sequences and Series

TG 1 A gardener develops an eco-friendly spray that will kill harmful insects on fruit trees Solution

16 14 without contaminating the fruit. A trial is to be conducted with 100 000 insects. The
M b gardener expects the spray to kill 35% of the insects each day and exactly 5000
new insects will be produced each day.
The number of insects expected at the end of the nth day of the trial is An.
(i) Show that A2 = 0.65(0.65 × 100 000 + 5000) + 5000. 2
(1 − 0.65 n ) 1
(ii) Show that An = 0.65n × 100 000 + 5000 .
0.35
(iii) Find the expected insect population at the end of the fourteenth day, correct 1
to the nearest 100.
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Financial mathematics
NESA 2016 Mathematics HSC Examination
TG 2 At the start of a month, Joe opens a bank account and makes a deposit of $500. At Solution

14 16b the start of each subsequent month, Joe makes a deposit which is 1% more than
M the previous deposit. At the end of each month, the bank pays interest of 0.3%
(per month) on the balance of the account.
(i) Explain why the balance of the account at the end of the second month is 2
$500(1.003)2 + $500(1.01)(1.003).
(ii) Find the balance of the account at the end of the 60 th month, correct to the 3
nearest dollar.
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Financial mathematics
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Year 12: Statistical Analysis

S2.1 Data (grouped and ungrouped) and Summary Statistics Back

TG 1 A dataset of nine scores has a median of 7. The scores 6, 6, 12 and 17 are added 1 Solution

11 14 to this data set. What is the median of the data set now?
MG (A) 6 (B) 7 (C) 8 (D) 9
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Statistical Analysis
NESA 2011 Mathematics General HSC Examination
TG 2 Using the box-plot, Reaction time in seconds prior to braking Solution

(a) what percentage of drivers in this − drivers over 55 −

sample have reaction times of three
or more seconds?
(b) what percentage of drivers in this
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
sample have reaction times between
four and nine seconds?
(c) What is the interquartile range for this dataset?
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Statistical Analysis
TG 3 The box-plots show the Solution

distribution of the ages of children

in Numbertown in 2002 and 2012.
2012
The number of children aged
12–18 years was the same in
both 2002 and 2012. By 2002
considering the data, provide
advice to town planners about
recreational facilities that should
be offered, giving statistical
reasons.
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Statistical Analysis

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Year 12: Statistical Analysis Back

S2.2 Bivariate Data Analysis

TG 1 A table of data is given as follows: Solution

(a) Construct a scatterplot.

(b) Compute the correlation coefficient, r.
(c) Compute the coefficients of the linear
regression line, y = mx + c.
(d) What is the estimated value for y when x = 7.
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Statistical Analysis
TG 2 Ahmed collected data on the age (a) Solution

13 28 and height (h) of males aged 11 to 16

MG b years. He created a scatterplot of the
data and constructed a line of best fit
to model the relationship between the
age and height of males.
(a) Determine the gradient of the line 1
of best fit shown on the graph.
(b) Explain the meaning of the 1
gradient in the context of the
data. 2
(c) Determine the equation of the line
of best fit shown on the graph. 1
(d) Use the line of best fit to predict
the height of a typical 17-year-old
male. 1
(e) Why would this model not be
useful for predicting the height of
a typical 45-year-old male?
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Statistical Analysis
NESA 2013 Mathematics General HSC Examination
TG 3 The height of 10 high school Solution

students and the length of their

right foot were measured. The
results were tabulated as follows:
(a) Using technology, calculate the Pearson correlation coefficient for the data.
(b) Describe the strength of the association between height and length of the
right foot for this dataset.
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Statistical Analysis

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Year 12: Statistical Analysis Back

S3.1 Continuous Random Variables
TG 1 Let X be a continuous random variable whose probability density function is f(x) = 3x2 Solution

for 0 < x < 1.

1
(a) What is the probability that X falls between and 1?
2
1
(b) Show that P(X = ) = 0.
2
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Statistical Analysis
TG 2 x3
Solution
Let X be a continuous random variable whose probability density function is f(x) =
4
for an interval 0 < x < c.
What is the value of the constant c that makes f(x) a valid probability density function?
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Statistical Analysis
TG 3 Let X be a continuous random variable with the following probability density function: Solution

1
f(x) = for 0 < x < 2.
2
What are the lower quartile, median and upper quartile of X?
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Year 12: Statistical Analysis Back

S3.2 The normal Distribution

TG 1 Packets of rice are each labelled as Solution

having a mass of 1 kg. The mass of

these packets is normally distributed
with a mean of 1.06 kg and a standard
deviation of 0.03 kg.
(a) Complete the following table.
(b) What percentage of packets will have a mass less than 1.06 kg?
(c) What percentage of packets will have a mass between 1.00 and 1.12 kg?
(d) What percentage of packets will have a mass between 1.00 and 1.03 kg?
(e) What percentage of packets will have a mass less than the labelled mass?
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Statistical Analysis
TG 2 A machine is set for the production of cylinders. The diameters of the cylinders Solution

produced are normally distributed with a mean of 5.00 cm and a standard deviation
0.020 cm.
(a) Within what interval will 95% of the diameters lie?
(b) If a cylinder, randomly selected from this production, has a diameter of 5.070 cm,
what conclusion could be drawn?
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Statistical Analysis
TG 3 The number of runs scored by Amira in each of her innings is listed below: Solution

34, 33, 31, 33, 32, 32, 33, 31, 33, 33.
(a) What was her batting average correct to two decimal places?
(b) What was her population standard deviation correct to two decimal places?
(c) What was her z-score in her final innings, correct to two decimal places?
(d) What was the z-score of her highest score, correct to two decimal places?
NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Statistical Analysis
TG 4 Most IQ tests have means of 100 and standard deviations of 15. Solution

If you take an IQ test and get the score of 125 are you super-smart or just mediocre?
Explain your answer with careful mathematical reasoning and justification.
Projectmaths has provided this Cumulative Normal Distribution Table below:

NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Statistical Analysis

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TG 5 Find the probability that a person selected at random from a pool of people that took Solution

a test on which the mean was 100 and the standard deviation was 15 will have a
score:
(a) between 100 and 120.
(b) of a least 120.
(c) of greater than 120.
Projectmaths has provided this Cumulative Normal Distribution Table below:

NESA Mathematics Advanced Year 12 Topic Guide: Statistical analysis

TG 6 The lifetime of a particular make of lightbulb is normally distributed with mean Solution

1020 hours and standard deviation 85 hours.

Find the probability that a lightbulb of the same make chosen at random has a
lifetime between 1003 and 1088 hours.
Projectmaths has provided this Cumulative Normal Distribution Table below:

NESA Mathematics Standard 2 Year 12 Topic Guide: Statistical analysis

TG 7 A section of highway is undergoing roadworks and a speed limit of 80 km/h has been Solution

imposed. Police will use a mobile speed camera to detect the speed of vehicles passing
through this section of highway. An infringement notice will be issued to the driver if the
speed limit is detected to be over 80 km/h.
From data collected from similar roadworks it is known that:
˗ the speeds of vehicles are normally distributed with mean,  , and standard
deviation, 
˗ 12.3% of vehicles have speeds of more than 82.64 km/h
˗ 24.2% of vehicles have speeds of less than 75.2 km/h.
(a) Find the values of  and  .
(b) A vehicle passes the mobile speed camera. What is the probability that an
infringement notice will be issued to the driver?
Projectmaths has provided this Cumulative Normal Distribution Table extract below:

z .00 .01 .02 .03 .04 .05 .06 .07 .08 .09
0.5 .6915 .6950 .6985 .7019 .7054 .7088 .7123 .7157 .7190 .7224
0.6 .7257 .7291 .7324 .7357 .7389 .7422 .7454 .7486 .7517 .7549
0.7 .7580 .7611 .7642 .7673 .7704 .7734 .7764 .7794 .7823 .7852
… … … … … … … … … … …
1.1 .8643 .8665 .8686 .8708 .8729 .8749 .8770 .8790 .8810 .8830
1.2 .8849 .8869 .8888 .8907 .8925 .8944 .8962 .8980 .8997 .9015

NESA Mathematics Standard 2 Year 12 Topic Guide: Statistical analysis

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