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Computer and Programming Topics

The document provides an overview of DOS, including its definition and ten common commands such as DIR, CD, and COPY. It contrasts machine language and assembly language, highlighting differences in execution, readability, and speed. Additionally, it explains EBCDIC, an 8-bit character encoding system used by IBM, with examples of its encoding for various characters.

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8 views2 pages

Computer and Programming Topics

The document provides an overview of DOS, including its definition and ten common commands such as DIR, CD, and COPY. It contrasts machine language and assembly language, highlighting differences in execution, readability, and speed. Additionally, it explains EBCDIC, an 8-bit character encoding system used by IBM, with examples of its encoding for various characters.

Uploaded by

sabyqi0987
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Computer and Programming Topics

What is DOS? Write any 10 command of DOS

DOS stands for Disk Operating System. It is a command-line-based operating system that was

widely used before the rise of graphical operating systems like Windows. DOS allows users to

interact with the computer by typing text commands. It manages files, runs software, and controls

hardware resources.

10 Common DOS Commands:

1. DIR - Lists all files and folders in the current directory.

2. CD - Changes the directory (folder). Example: CD Documents

3. MD or MKDIR - Creates a new directory. Example: MD NewFolder

4. RD or RMDIR - Removes a directory. Example: RD OldFolder

5. COPY - Copies files from one location to another. Example: COPY file.txt D:\Backup

6. DEL - Deletes a file. Example: DEL file.txt

7. REN - Renames a file or folder. Example: REN old.txt new.txt

8. CLS - Clears the screen.

9. TYPE - Displays the contents of a text file. Example: TYPE notes.txt

10. EXIT - Exits the DOS command prompt.

Difference between machine and assembly language

Machine Language vs Assembly Language:

Machine language is the lowest-level programming language written in binary (0s and 1s). Assembly

language uses mnemonics or symbolic representations of machine instructions.

1. **Machine Language** is directly executed by the CPU, while **Assembly Language** requires an

assembler.

2. Machine Language is written in binary, Assembly uses mnemonics.

3. Machine Language is not human-readable; Assembly Language is more readable but still
low-level.

4. Machine Language is very fast in execution, while Assembly is slower due to translation.

5. Both are used for system-level programming, but Assembly is more manageable.

What is EBCDIC? Discuss with suitable example

EBCDIC stands for Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code. It is an 8-bit character

encoding system developed by IBM for use in its mainframe and midrange computer systems.

EBCDIC is used to represent letters, numbers, punctuation, and control characters in binary form so

that computers can process and store text.

Key Features:

1. Uses 8 bits, allowing up to 256 characters.

2. Mostly used in IBM mainframes and legacy systems.

3. Not compatible with ASCII, which is more commonly used in modern systems.

Example of EBCDIC Encoding:

Character: A, EBCDIC (Hex): C1, Binary: 1100 0001

Character: B, EBCDIC (Hex): C2, Binary: 1100 0010

Character: a, EBCDIC (Hex): 81, Binary: 1000 0001

Character: 1, EBCDIC (Hex): F1, Binary: 1111 0001

Character: Space, EBCDIC (Hex): 40, Binary: 0100 0000

A system running on IBM mainframe might store the string 'AB1' in EBCDIC as C1 C2 F1.

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