Energy Optimization Through Behavior - Based Automated
Control
Ms. A. Jayanthi , Assistant Professor
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Adhiparasakthi Engineering College Melmaruvathur , Tamilnadu , India
jayanthiarumugam90@gmail.com
Ms.V.Sudha , Assistant professor
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Panimalar Engineering College Chennai,Tamilnadu , India
sudhagandhi611994@gmail.com
R. Sivaranjani
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Adhiparasakthi Engineering College Melmaruvathur, Tamilnadu, India
ranjinir538@gmail.com
A.Nivetha
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Adhiparasakthi Engineering College Melmaruvathur , Tamilnadu , India
nivetharul04@gmail.com
B.Abinaya
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Adhiparasakthi Engineering College Melmaruvathur , Tamilnadu , India
abinayabalamurugan26@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
The world of intelligent devices for smart home automation has been
expanding rapidly in recent years. Today's modern lifestyles always require
intelligent systems and places to make life better. The increased use of smart
home technology has revolutionized modern life by providing energy efficiency,
convenience and security. In this paper, improvements to Smart Home
Automation can be explored using behavioral automation. We propose a
system that collects data at user's daily entry times over a specific per iod, and
use this data to adapt the internal environment. If the user is deviating from
the normal schedule, an abnormality recognition algorithm is used to identify
discrepancies during input times, adapt alternating stream settings, including
system switch off, and save energy if the user is lagging. effectiveness of this
system is evaluated through simulations and actual data showing the potential
to reduce energy consumption.
Keywords
Smart Home Automation , Behavior - Based Automation ,Energy Efficiency
,Anomaly Detection ,Air Conditioning Control ,User Behavior Analysis ,Predictive
Automation , IoT (Internet of Things)
1. INTRODUCTION
In today's world, energy efficiency and intelligent automation play a key role in
improving quality of life and simultaneously reducing power consumptio n.
Traditional Air Conditioning System (AC) System (AC) systems are based on manual
operations that often lead to unnecessary waste of energy, even if users forget to
optimize their use. A smart home automation system using this challenge by
implementing an intelligent AC control system in which AI analyzes user behavior
and environmental conditions. By using AI based decisions, the system learns
historical entry patterns such as: B. 6pm one day and 7pm the next day adapt AC
operations accordingly. In a match, the system continually adapts to the user's routine.
This ensures that alternating currents arise from past actions or past behavioral
lawyers' actions. Through the integration of intelligent automation, AI analytics and
IoT technology, the system aims to create a more intelligent, more energy-efficient,
and more user friendly environment.
2. RELATED WORK
AI-based technologies have been created to improve flexibility by learning user
behavior patterns to optimize home automation, Machine learning method are used
incurrent research to forecast user occupancy and adjust HVAC systems appropriately.
However, these models have trouble adjusting to irregular patterns and frequently
require large amounts of past data . Smart HVAC systems that use motion and
temperature sensors to optimize energy use have been the subject of numerous
research. Without taking into account previous user data, these systems reactively
turn on air conditioner in response to real-time sensor inputs.
When it comes to smart home automation systems, security and privacy are crucial
Issues .Additional research has emphasized the security threats associated with local
network traffic and IoT communication protocols (such as Bluetooth, ZigBee, and
WiFi).These research concentrate on data privacy and communication security, but
they ignore behavioral data privacy issues that arise when AI model spick up user
habits. Despite significant advancements in smart home automation, current systems
have a number of drawbacks like Fixed Rule-Based Systems, Limited Pattern
Recognition, Privacy Issues.
Tay ,Siok Wah, NingZhang,andSalem AlJanah(2024)[1] The analysis of smart home
automation reveals significant challenges and advancements in security and usability,
particularly in communication-based authorization. As smart homes increasingly integrate
IoT technologies, ensuring secure and efficient communication between devices becomes
paramount. Dahlgren, Kari, Sarah Pink, Yolande Strengers, Larissa Nicholls, and
Jathan Sadowski(2021)[2] Personalization in smart homes enhances user experience
by adapting technology to individual preferences, ensuring comfort and meeting
diverse needs, especially in multi-occupant environments.Suman, Shashi, Ali Etemad,
and FrancoisRivest (2021)[3] Reinforcement learning-powered smart homes maximize
comfort and energy efficiency while modifying tenant behavior through adaptive
interactions.Zhang,Fengjiao, Zhao Pan, andYaobinLu (2023) [4] In smart surveillance,
AIoT (Artificial Intelligence of Things) strikes a balance between privacy concerns and
personalization, improving user experience while creating security
issues.Gladence,L.Mary,V.MariaAnu, R.Rathna,andE.Brumancia (2020) [5] AIoT
recommender systems customize smart homes by streamlining device management for
increased effectiveness and user satisfaction.Reyes-Campos,Josimar,GinerAlor-
Hernández,IsaacMachorro-Cano,José OscarOlmedo-Aguirre,José Luis Sánchez-
Cervantes,andLisbethRodríguez-Mazahua (2021) [6] By anticipating and adjusting to
resident behavior, machine learning and the Internet of Things improve the user experience in
smart homes.Agee, Philip, XinghuaGao, Frederick Paige, Andrew McCoy, and Brian
Kleiner(2021) [7] Incorporating user demands, improving engagement, and overcoming
tech-first constraints are all part of a human-centered approach to smart home.Gøthesen,
Sara, MoutazHaddara, and KarippurNanda Kumar (2023) [8] Adoption of smart homes is
influenced by user requirements, AI integration, and technological developments that
improve automation, security, and user experience.Zaidi, Ali, Rui Yang, VinayKoshy,
Camille Cobb, Indranil Gupta, and Karrie Karahalios (2023) [9] By controlling frequent
conflicts through detection and resolution techniques, smart home conflict resolution
guarantees user pleasure.
3. METHODOLOGY OF EXISTING SYSTEM
The existing systems in AI-driven smart homes typically rely on rule-based automation and
basic machine learning models to personalize user experiences. Motion sensors, cameras,
and wearable technology are used by smart home systems to monitor human movements.
The information gathered aids in determining everyday habits and inclinations. Conventional
smart home automation systems are based on preset rules, such as "Turn AC ON ". These
rules are not dynamically adjusted to reflect changes in behavior; instead, they must be
manually configured. To find patterns, some systems employ supervised learning techniques
like Random Forest algorithm these models forecast future events by analyzing existing data,
but they frequently aren't flexible enough to accommodate unusual behaviors. Devices like
smart thermostats, lights, and voice assistants connect through IoT protocols (e.g., MQTT,
Zigbee, Wi-Fi). These rely on static schedules rather than behavioral adaptability, but they
enable automation and remote control. Systems can transfer data to the cloud for analysis or
process it locally (edge computing).It enable real-time updates and remote accessibility but
may introduce latency and privacy concerns.Fig1.1. The diagram clearly compares the
existing PIR-based AC control system with the proposed AI-based system across key
metrics. It shows that the proposed system reduces energy consumption and false activations
while significantly improving efficiency and user comfort. This highlights the effectiveness
of AI-based automation in creating smarter, more efficient, and user-friendly environments.
Fig.1.1 The proposed AI-based smart AC control system outperforms the existing PIR-based
system by reducing energy consumption and false activations, while significantly improving
efficiency and user comfort.
4. METHODOLOGYOF PROPOSED SYSTEM
The workflow for this project begins with detecting user input. User input uses motion
sensors or cameras to determine when someone enters the room. Input times are recorded by
the system and sent to the AI model for analysis. AI compares the current entry to the early
entry times held in the database. Inconsistencies are considered normal when categorized
into a particular area. B. Within 10 minutes from a typical time. Machine learning methods
such as anomaly recognition algorithms are used to identify or identify abnormal patterns or
behaviors that do not meet expected criteria. As soon as the anomaly recognition algorithm
processes the data, the AI decides whether to turn on or off alternating currents.
The air conditioner will automatically turn on when it occurs at normal times. However,
when an optical anomalies such as B are determined, AI, with a delay of 10-20 minutes,
gradually adapts alternating power activation to the updated pattern. If a significant anomaly
such as B is identified, if there is a delay of more than 30 minutes, the alternating currents
will remain off until the system confirms the user's presence. This adaptive approach ensures
energy efficiency and personalized comfort. By analyzing past behavior and anomaly
detection, the system intelligently optimizes alternating current consumption, reducing
unnecessary power consumption. This behavior-based automation improves the smart home
experience and provides a seamless and efficient cooling system tailored to the user's routine.
The proposed solution could also be used by others who control other devices such as lights,
fans, etc. It mainly focuses on understanding the user's behavior and adapting the
device. Fig.2.1 The flowchart compares two smart AC control approaches. The basic method uses a
PIR sensor to turn the AC ON when movement is detected. The AI-based approach analyzes user
behavior, gradually adjusts settings, and turns the AC OFF if no prolonged presence is detected,
optimizing energy efficiency.
Fig.2.1 The flowchart compares an existing PIR sensor-based AC control with a proposed AI-
driven solution. The existing method turns the AC ON immediately upon detecting
movement, while the proposed approach analyzes behavior, delays activation, and adjusts
settings to optimize energy use and improve efficiency.
5. WORKINGPRINCIPLE
The system intelligently analyzes user behavior to control the air conditioning (AC)based on
the user’s arrival time and detected anomalies. Upon entering the house, the device begins
tracking the user's movements. A PIR sensors, determine when the user will arrive. The time
of arrival is automatically recorded in a local or cloud-based database. The user's typical
schedule is gradually discovered using this data. The saved data is examined by the AI
system to find patterns in behavior. Anomaly Detection algorithm analyzes the stored data to
identify behavioral patterns and checks whether there is a deviation from the typical arrival
time. If the arrival time is within the expected range the AC will immediately ON. Suppose if
the arrival time slightly delayed for 10-15minutes the AC is gradually adjusted rather than
fully turned OFF. If the delay exceeds a threshold for more than20 minutes the AC remains
OFF until further confirmations of user presence. Based on the analyzed data, the system
automates AC operation to optimize energy efficient and comfort. It helps to save electricity
cost, energy efficiency, user comfort and safe, without manual operation our proposed
solution useful for controlling the air conditioner.
Fig.3.In order to maximize energy efficiency, the smart AC automation system depicted in
the figure makes use of sensors, AI algorithms, and a database. Sensors identify when
someone enters the house and record the time of arrival in a database. An anomaly detection
algorithm processes this data, examining user behavior and scheduling AC operation
appropriately. Depending on the user's schedule, the system automatically turns the air
conditioner on or off, guaranteeing economical energy use and individualized comfort.
Fig.3.1 The diagram shows a smart AC system using sensors, AI, and a data base to automate
AC control. Sensors detect a person’s entry, log the arrival time, and store it in a database. An
AI algorithm analyzes behavior patterns and schedules the AC to turn ON or OFF for energy
efficiency and user comfort.
5.1 DATA COLLECTION
Collect the user entered data using sensors like PIR sensor to detect the user’s arrival time,
body heat using infrared technology to initiate an event(such as recording arrival time).The
arrival time is logged into the system
5.2 DATA LOGGING
To ensure comfort and energy efficiency, the system automatically logs user arrival times to
local or cloud-based databases. Over time, artificial intelligence (AI) analyzes this data to
learn and identify the user's regular schedule. This allows for behavior-based automation.
This allows alternating currents to be dynamically adapted to mild delays or abnormalities.
5.3 PATTERN LEARNING
The system captures the user's arrival times for several days and stores this data in a
database. The AI model analyzes this data to identify consistent entry patterns for users,
allowing the system to predict future behavior and adapt the AC for optimal energy
consumption and comfort accordingly.
5.4 ANOMALY DETECTION
Anomaly detection is used to identify strange arrival times that don't correspond with the
user's typical schedule. The system first collects information by noting the user's daily
arrival times, which is subsequently saved in a database. It then looks at this historical data
to identify common patterns, like arriving home between 6:00 and 6:30 p.m. By calculating
the standard deviation and the average arrival time, the system establishes the usual time
range.
An anomaly is noted when an arrival time departs from this normal range. For example, if
the user arrives after 8:00 PM (much later) or at 4:00 PM (much earlier), it is deemed
irregular. When an anomaly is detected, the system adjusts its behavior. If the user arrives
much earlier than usual, the air conditioner is immediately turned on for comfort.
6. RESULT ANALYSIS
The proposed behavior based automation system improves the efficiency of smart
homes by intelligently managing the climate system (AC) based on user entry
patterns. By collecting and analyzing the daily arrival times of the home, the system
optimizes alternating current consumption through recognition of anomalies, reducing
unnecessary energy consumption, and at the same time ensuring comfort. Simulations
and actual data validate their effectiveness in storing electricity and adapting to user
behavior. However, reliance on historical data can affect the accuracy of
unpredictable routines and data protection concerns must be addressed regarding data
collection. Future improvements such as social event integration and seasonal
adaptability could further improve performance and user experience.
6.1 FORMULA
6.1.1 Data Collection & Entry Time Logging
Let 𝑇𝑖 represent the time the user enters on day i . The system stores these values
as a dataset:
𝑇 = {𝑇1 , 𝑇2, … … … … … . . 𝑇𝑛 } ………. ( 1 )
Where n is the total number of recorded days.
6.1.2 Mean Entry Time Calculation
The mean entry time 𝜇 𝑇 is computed as:
1
𝜇 𝑇 = 𝑛 ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑇𝑖 ………. ( 2 )
where:
𝜇 𝑇 = mean entry time,
𝑇𝑖 = recorded entry time on day i,
n = number of days considered.
6.1.3 Standard Deviation for Anomaly Detection
To determine if a new entry time is normal or an anomaly, the system
calculates the standard deviation (𝜎𝑇 ) which measures how much the entry
times deviate from the average
1
𝜎𝑇 = √𝑛 ∑𝑛𝑖=1(𝑇𝑖 − 𝜇 𝑇 )2 ……… ( 3 )
Where:
𝜎𝑇 = standard deviation,
𝜇 𝑇 = mean entry time,
𝑇𝑖 = recorded entry time on day i,
n= number of recorded days.
6.1.4 Anomaly Detection Condition
A new entry time 𝑇𝑛𝑒𝑤 is considered an anomaly if it significantly deviates
from past behavior.
|𝑇𝑛𝑒𝑤 − 𝜇 𝑇 | ≤ 𝐾𝜎𝑇 ………. ( 4 )
Where
k is a predefined threshold (usually 2 or 3 standard deviations).
6.1.5 AC Control Decision Function
Based on entry time analysis, the system decides whether to turn the AC
ON, DELAY activation, or keep it OFF.
Define the AC activation function A(T):
𝑂𝑁 , 𝑖𝑓 |𝑇𝑛𝑒𝑤 − 𝜇 𝑇 | ≤ 𝜎𝑇
𝐴(𝑇𝑛𝑒𝑤 ) = {𝐷𝐸𝐿𝐴 𝑌𝐸𝐷 𝑂𝑁 , 𝑖𝑓 𝜎𝑇 < |𝑇𝑛𝑒𝑤 − 𝜇 𝑇 | ≤ 2𝜎𝑇 … ( 5 )
𝑂𝐹𝐹 , 𝑖𝑓 |𝑇𝑛𝑒𝑤 − 𝜇 𝑇 > 2𝜎𝑇
6.1.6 Energy Efficiency Calculation
Let 𝐸𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 be the energy consumption without automation and 𝐸𝑜𝑝𝑡 be the
optimized energy usage:
𝐸𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 − 𝐸𝑜𝑝𝑡
𝜂 = × 100 ………… ( 6 )
𝐸𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒
Where:
η = energy savings percentage,
𝐸𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 = energy consumption without automation,
𝐸𝑜𝑝𝑡 = optimized energy consumption.
Fig.4.1 Using statistical techniques to find patterns and anomalies, this chart displays the
entry time trends over a number of days.
Fig 4.1 This figure illustrates the trend of entry times over multiple days, with statistical
measures such as mean entry time (𝜇 𝑇 ) and standard deviation bands (±1𝜎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ± 2𝜎),. A
red dot highlights a new entry at 620 minutes, indicating a potential anomaly beyond typical
variations
7. CONCLUSION
This article proposes the implementation of personalized AI in smart homes for behavior
based automation. This approach to improving comfort and energy efficiency is the system's
ability to control the air conditioner based on user behavior by analyzing arrival times. In
contrast to current arrival times using previous patterns, the anomalous recognition algorithm
distinguishes between normal routines and anomalous behavior. User behavior refers to
normal deviations and alternating current plans are properly adjusted to ensure maximum
comfort while storing energy as needed. Additionally, the system needs to minimize
false alarms and identify abnormal behavior and life changes over time. Overall, this project
demonstrates the use of anomaly recognition and pattern analysis to build a home automation
system that is fast and energy efficient. This is a prerequisite for future advancements in
smart home technology by providing practical solutions that combine sustainability, comfort
and ease of use.
A. Future Improvements:
Social Event Integration: Links to users' calendars to predict social events or meetings.
Maximize your comfort by automatically changing the alternating stream settings to meet
more people. The subside can be automatically adjusted in summer or winter without human
input
.
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