Cell Structure and Function - Q&A
D. Very Short Answer (VSA) Type Questions
Q: Who coined the term cell and in which year?
A: Robert Hooke in 1665.
Q: What is protoplasm?
A: Protoplasm is the living content of a cell that includes the cytoplasm and nucleus.
Q: What is semipermeable membrane?
A: A semipermeable membrane allows only certain substances to pass through while blocking others.
Q: Define endosmosis and exosmosis.
A: Endosmosis: Movement of water into the cell.
Exosmosis: Movement of water out of the cell.
Q: Where are ribosomes synthesised?
A: Ribosomes are synthesised in the nucleolus.
Q: Name the site of cellular respiration in cells?
A: Mitochondria.
Q: Name the nucleic acids that are present in cells.
A: DNA and RNA.
Q: What do you mean by unicellular and multicellular organisms?
A: Unicellular: Organisms with a single cell.
Multicellular: Organisms with many cells.
Q: What is the composition of cell wall?
A: Mainly composed of cellulose (in plants).
Q: In what form is energy generated by mitochondria?
A: ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate).
Q: What is a selectively permeable membrane?
A: A membrane that allows some substances to pass through while restricting others.
E. Short Answer (SA) Type Questions
Cell Structure and Function - Q&A
Q: What will happen in a cell if its nucleus is removed? Give two reasons.
A: The cell will not survive for long.
Reasons:
- The nucleus controls all activities of the cell.
- Without the nucleus, the cell cannot reproduce or form proteins properly.
Q: Mention two main functions of (a) endoplasmic reticulum, (b) lysosomes.
A: (a) ER: Protein synthesis (rough), lipid synthesis (smooth).
(b) Lysosomes: Intracellular digestion and waste removal.
Q: Why do spinach look green, papaya yellow and edible part of watermelon red?
A: Due to pigments:
- Spinach: Chlorophyll
- Papaya: Carotene
- Watermelon: Lycopene
Q: Give main exceptions of Cell theory.
A: Viruses are exceptions as they are not made up of cells and can reproduce only inside host cells.
Q: What is a ribosome? What is its function in a cell?
A: Ribosome is a cell organelle that helps in protein synthesis.
Q: Write name of cell organelles that are not bounded by membrane.
A: Ribosomes and centrioles.
Q: What would happen when eukaryotic cells are placed in hypertonic, hypotonic and isotonic solutions?
A: Hypertonic: Cell shrinks
Hypotonic: Cell swells
Isotonic: No net change
Q: Why are bacteria and blue-green algae not considered true cells?
A: They lack a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
Q: Differentiate between chloroplasts and chromoplasts. Which pigment traps solar energy?
Cell Structure and Function - Q&A
A: Chloroplast: Photosynthesis, contains chlorophyll.
Chromoplast: Provides color, contains carotenoids.
Chlorophyll traps solar energy.
Q: Differentiate between isotonic, hypotonic and hypertonic solutions.
A: Isotonic: Equal concentration
Hypotonic: Water enters cell
Hypertonic: Water exits cell
Q: Define the terms protoplasm, cytoplasm and nucleoplasm.
A: Protoplasm: Living content
Cytoplasm: Part outside nucleus
Nucleoplasm: Inside nucleus
Q: Which structures are found (a) only in animal cells, (b) only in plant cells, (c) both in animal and plant
cells?
A: (a) Centrioles
(b) Cell wall, chloroplast, large vacuole
(c) Nucleus, mitochondria, cell membrane
Q: What is the difference between the cell wall and plasma membrane? Give the functions of each one.
A: Cell wall: Rigid, protects
Plasma membrane: Controls entry/exit of substances
Q: Name different types of plastids. Give one function of each type.
A: Chloroplast: Photosynthesis
Chromoplast: Color to fruits/flowers
Leucoplast: Storage
F. Long Answer (LA) Type Question
Q: Draw a well-labelled diagram of nucleus and explain its structure.
A: Diagram should include:
Cell Structure and Function - Q&A
- Nuclear membrane
- Nucleoplasm
- Chromatin
- Nucleolus
- Nuclear pores
Explanation:
The nucleus controls all activities of the cell, contains DNA, and is surrounded by a nuclear membrane with
pores for exchange.
