Core Data (Introduced in macOS 10.
4, matured over time)
Core Data is a powerful object graph management and data persistence framework. It’s highly feature-rich but can feel
complex and verbose for small projects.
Key Features:
• Mature and battle-tested: Core Data has been in use for over a decade, making it a reliable choice for complex
apps requiring extensive performance optimization.
• Rich features: Core Data supports advanced features like faulting, undo/redo functionality, batch operations,
and versioning/migration.
• Integration with Objective-C: Compatible with older Objective-C projects.
• Flexible persistence stores: Includes multiple storage types like SQLite, binary, or in-memory stores.
• Advanced querying capabilities: Allows developers to use fetch requests, predicates, and sorting for granular
data manipulation.
• Large ecosystem: Because of its maturity, there are many tutorials, libraries, tools, and a strong community
support base.
Drawbacks:
• Steep learning curve: Core Data has a more complex API with verbose boilerplate code compared to SwiftData.
Concepts like configuring managed object contexts, managing relationships, and performing migrations can be
daunting.
• Less Swift-friendly: Core Data was originally designed for Objective-C, and its APIs have been updated for
Swift, but it still doesn’t feel entirely natural in Swift projects.
• Concurrency issues: Core Data concurrency management can be tricky, and improperly managed contexts
could lead to bugs or crashes.
• XML-based data modeling: Requires the use of .xcdatamodel to define entities and attributes, which can be
cumbersome compared to code-based definitions in SwiftData.
• Limited SwiftUI optimization: While Core Data integrates with SwiftUI, it doesn't feel as smooth and natural
compared to SwiftData.