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Control and Coordination Class10 Notes

Control and Coordination are vital for organisms to respond to environmental changes, facilitated by the nervous and endocrine systems in humans. The nervous system, comprising the brain, spinal cord, and nerves, controls both voluntary and involuntary actions, while the endocrine system uses hormones for slower, long-lasting responses. Plants coordinate through chemical signals and movements, utilizing plant hormones for growth and response to stimuli.

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89 views3 pages

Control and Coordination Class10 Notes

Control and Coordination are vital for organisms to respond to environmental changes, facilitated by the nervous and endocrine systems in humans. The nervous system, comprising the brain, spinal cord, and nerves, controls both voluntary and involuntary actions, while the endocrine system uses hormones for slower, long-lasting responses. Plants coordinate through chemical signals and movements, utilizing plant hormones for growth and response to stimuli.

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05.arpitpratap
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Class 10 Science Chapter: Control and Coordination (First Class Notes)

Introduction:

Control and Coordination are essential functions in living organisms to respond to changes in the

environment.

In humans, it is performed by the nervous system and endocrine system.

1. Nervous System in Humans:

- It controls voluntary and involuntary actions.

- Composed of: Brain, Spinal Cord, Nerves (Cranial, Spinal, Peripheral).

A. Parts of the Nervous System:

i) Central Nervous System (CNS): Brain and Spinal Cord.

ii) Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): All nerves connected to CNS.

iii) Autonomous Nervous System (ANS): Controls involuntary actions (heartbeat, breathing).

B. Brain:

- Main coordinating center.

- Protected by skull and cerebrospinal fluid.

- Divided into:

1. Cerebrum Thinking, voluntary actions, memory.

2. Cerebellum Balance, posture.

3. Medulla Involuntary actions like heartbeat and breathing.

2. Reflex Action:

- Sudden automatic response to a stimulus.

- Involves spinal cord, not brain.

- Example: Withdrawal of hand from a hot object.

3. Coordination in Plants:

- No nervous system.

- Use chemical coordination (plant hormones).


Class 10 Science Chapter: Control and Coordination (First Class Notes)

- Response shown by growth or movement.

Types of Movements in Plants:

i) Tropic Movements Directional (towards/away from stimulus).

- Phototropism: Towards light.

- Geotropism: Towards gravity.

- Hydrotropism: Towards water.

- Thigmotropism: Response to touch.

ii) Nastic Movements Non-directional (e.g., folding of leaves in Touch-me-not).

Plant Hormones (Phytohormones):

- Auxins: Cell growth, phototropism.

- Gibberellins: Stem growth.

- Cytokinins: Cell division.

- Abscisic Acid: Inhibits growth, causes wilting.

4. Hormonal Coordination in Animals:

- Hormones are chemical messengers secreted by endocrine glands.

- Transported through blood.

Important Human Endocrine Glands:

1. Pituitary Gland Master gland, growth hormone.

2. Thyroid Gland Produces thyroxine, regulates metabolism.

3. Adrenal Glands Secrete adrenaline, manage stress.

4. Pancreas Insulin, controls blood sugar.

5. Testes (males) Testosterone.

6. Ovaries (females) Estrogen, Progesterone.

Summary:

- Nervous system: Fast response, electrical signals.

- Endocrine system: Slow but long-lasting chemical response.


Class 10 Science Chapter: Control and Coordination (First Class Notes)

- Both systems help in maintaining internal balance (homeostasis).

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