1 Describe the internal RAM structure of the 8051 microcontroller using appropriate diagrams.

2 Illustrate the main features of a microprocessor

3 Illustrate the architecture of the 8051 microcontroller with a block diagram and list its key features.
4 Analyze the Program Status Word (PSW) register using a diagram and infer the function of each bit.
5 Illustrate the 8051 microcontroller pin diagram and explain its function.
6 Compare and distinguish between Harvard and Von-Neumann architectures.
Differentiate between CISC and RISC architectures in terms of instruction execution, memory usage, and
7 complexity, and analyze how these differences influence the design and application of microcontrollers.
8 Elaborate on the design of a microcontroller using Harvard Architecture .
9 Differentiate RISC and CISC
10 What are the advantages of RISC over CISC
11 Elaborate on the design of a microcontroller using Von Neuman Architecture .
12 Illustrate the main features of RISC processor
13 Differentiate between Microcontroller and Microprocessor
14 Summarize the merits and demerits of indirect addressing mode.
Apply the DAA instruction to the addition of two BCD numbers (99h + 99h) and demonstrate each
15 intermediate step with accumulator content and status flag changes.
16 Develop a program to convert a hexadecimal number to its decimal equivalent. Include relevant comments.
17 Classify the various addressing modes in 8051 and explain each with an example.
18 Illustrate conditional and unconditional jump instructions with suitable examples.
19 Construct a C program to acquire a byte from Port P1, delay for half a second, and output it to Port P2.
Demonstrate how register indirect and direct addressing modes can be used to load data from memory into
20 registers.
21 Illustrate how data in a register can be divided and multiplied using rotate instructions.
Develop an assembly program to count the how many numbers in the range 50h to 60h are greater than a
22 value stored in 70h.
23 Demonstrate with example the following addressing modes (i) Direct (ii) Register indirect . (2)
24 Illustrate with relevant examples the applications of Logical instructions in 8051. (3)
Develop an assembly program to find the sum of all the even numbers between the memory locations
25 between 30h to 40h. Explain with relevant comments and example.
26 Describe the different data types used in Embedded C with suitable examples.
27 Differentiate between a timer and a counter. Analyze the function of each bit in the TMOD register.
Analyze the process of generating a 500 Hz square wave on P1.6 and show necessary calculations with a
28 program.
Demonstrate the interface of a stepper motor with a diagram and construct a program to rotate the motor
29 clockwise for one revolution (90 steps).
30 Differentiate between timer and counter and analyze each bit in the TMOD register.
31 Describe the different data types available in Embedded C with examples.
Illustrate the steps to be followed to configure a timer to have a timer delay of 1second , Given that
32 XTAL=11.059Mhz
33 Illustrate how timer flags operate and what are they used for in 8051.
34 Develop a program to control the movement of a robotic hand by 10 steps on press of a switch.
Illustrate the steps to configure a timer to work in 16 bit mode along with the contents to be loaded into
35 TMOD and TH,TL registers
Illustrate the details of input and output pins/ports available in 8051, how are the pics configured as input
36 or output.
37 Develop a program to control the movement of a stepper motor using 8051. Describe the logic and output.
Explain how the maximum delay is determined in mode 2 of the 8051 timer when XTAL = 11.0592 MHz.
38 Describe the significance of the initial values loaded into the timer registers for generating this delay.
 Analyze the TMOD and TCON registers using a block diagram. Determine the TMOD value for
configuring timer 0 in mode 1 and timer 1 in mode 2. Justify the control method used for starting/stopping
39 timers.
Construct an algorithm and program to transmit “Microcontroller” serially using the 8051 at 9600 baud, 8-
40 bit data, and 1 stop bit continuously.
41 Explain the structure of the TMOD register using its bit pattern.
42 Construct a program to send the character ‘Y’ serially using 8051 at 2400 baud rate.
43 Desribe the steps in detail for serial data tranmission and reciveing in 8051
Evaluate the delay generated with TH0=9DH and TL0=F2H in Mode 1 using both Decimal and
44 Hexadecimal methods.
45 Illustrate why is the mode 2 called as autoreload mode in 8051.
46 Illustrate how can 8051 be used to achieve speed control of a DC motor.
Develop a program to make two leds count in a binary sequence with a delay of one second between each
47 count.
48 Illustrate the various modes of operation of a Timer in 8051
49 Illustrate the importance and use of the following bits (i) TF0 (ii) TR0 (iii)
50 Develop a program to generate a square wave of Frequency 2Mz on pin 1.2 in 8051.
51 Explain interrupts and compare them with the polling method.
52 Analyze the bit configuration and functionality of the SCON register.
Illustrate the IP register with a block diagram and determine the value needed to prioritize Timer 1
53 interrupt as the highest.
Summarize the interrupt sources of the 8051 microcontroller and their associated vector addresses, flags,
54 and external pins.
55 Demonstrate the steps for programming the 8051 to transmit data serially using an example.
Analyze the block diagram of IE and IP registers. Determine the values to set IP for serial interrupt as
56 highest priority and enable Timer 0 and 1 using IE.
57 Illustrate how timer based interrupts can be raised , what are the advantages. ?
58 Illustrate the steps that are followed by 8051 on receiving an interrupt.
Develop a program to make an LED blink at rate of 1 second while a square wave of 1Khz is generated on
59 another pin.
60 Illustrate the working of serial communication with relevant figures.
61 Illustrate the types of interrupts in 8051 along with their applications.
62 Illustrate the IE register and its configureation with examples.
63 What are interrupts , how are they benfetial in a system.
64 Illustrate the application of the interrupt vector table .
Develop a program to make two LEDs blink at rate of 1 second and 2 seconds respectively .Assume
65 XTAL = 11.059 MHz
66 Illustrate the calculation required to configure 8051 for serial transmission at 9600 baud rate.
67 Develop a program to transmit the character “Y” using serail communication.
68 Summarize the steps followed in 8051 to achieve serial communication.
69 Develop a program to transmit the string “EEE” 10 times through serail communication.
70 Distinguish between RET and RETI instructions with appropriate examples.
Construct an assembly language program to continuously generate a square wave on P1.5 with a 66% duty
71 cycle using Timer 1 in Mode 2.
72 Differentiate between RET and RETI instructions in 8051.
Calculate the baud rate when TH1 = -2, SMOD = 1, XTAL = 11.0592 MHz, and verify whether it is IBM
73 PC compatible.
74 List different types of interrupts and construct the bit pattern of the IE register.
Develop a program where 8051 reads from Port P1 and writes to Port P2 while also transmitting data via
75 the serial port at 9600 baud rate.
76 Elaborate on the main features of MSP 430 and their
 77 Summarize the details of registers available in MSP.
Develop a program in assembly using MSP 430 which will extract the lower byte from all the words in the
78 range 50h to 60h and save them in the range 70h-80h.
79 Elaborate on the working of constant generators built into MSP430.
80 Summarize logical instruction set with examples in MSP430
Develop a program in assembly using MSP 430 which will make all the even numbers in the range 50h-
81 60h into odd .
82 Elaborate on the applications of Registers R0,R3 in MSP430.
83 Summarize the various addressing modes in MSP430
Develop a program in assembly using MSP 430 which will sum all the even numbers in the range of
84 address 50h-60h and store the result in 70h.
85 Elaborate on the main blocks in the architecture of MSP430 .
86 Summarize arithmetic instruction set with examples in MSP430
Develop a program in assembly using MSP 430 which will count how many numbers in the range 50h-60h
87 are equal to the value in 70h, Store the count in 80h.
88 Illustrate and explain the internal registers of the MSP430 microcontroller.
89 Describe the function of the status register in MSP430.
90 Summarize the architecture of MSP430 with a neat diagram.
91 List and describe the features of the MSP430 microcontroller.
92 Explain the clock system used in the MSP430 microcontroller.
93 Categorize and explain the addressing modes supported by MSP430.
94 List and describe the features of MSP430.
95 Explain how MSP430 differs from 8051
96 Examine the clock system of MSP430 and differentiate between various clock sources.
97 Illustrate the MSP430 architecture with a diagram and explain its core components.
98 Describe the different addressing modes supported by MSP430.
99 Analyze the MSP430 status register and explain the function of its individual bits.
100 Illustrate the internal registers of MSP430 and explain their roles in program execution.