PRESIDIUM,GURGAON
Unit 4 - Maintaining Health and Safety
GRADE 10 | REFERENCE MATERIAL
1. Briefly explain the concept of health, safety, and security at the workplace.
Health, safety, and security at the workplace focus on creating a work environment that protects
employees from physical harm, illnesses, and security threats. Organizations must implement
policies, guidelines, and best practices to ensure a safe workspace, improve employee well-being,
and enhance overall productivity.
2. State the most important reasons for health, safety, and security programs in the workplace.
- To prevent injuries and illnesses among employees.
- To ensure compliance with government regulations.
- To improve workplace productivity and morale.
- To reduce financial losses from accidents or security breaches.
- To create a positive and safe work culture.
3. List out the various workplace safety hazards.
- **Physical hazards**: Machinery, falls, poor lighting.
- **Chemical hazards**: Exposure to harmful substances.
- **Ergonomic hazards**: Improper workstation setup, repetitive strain.
- **Biological hazards**: Bacteria, viruses, allergies.
- **Psychological hazards**: Stress, workplace conflicts, bullying.
4. List out the potential sources of hazards in an organization.
- Unsafe working conditions.
- Improper handling of machinery or tools.
- Lack of emergency preparedness.
- Exposure to hazardous substances.
- Poor workplace ergonomics.
5. List some of the IT workplace hazards.
- Cybersecurity threats (hacking, malware attacks).
- Electrical hazards (overloaded circuits, faulty wiring).
- Ergonomic issues (eye strain, poor posture from prolonged screen exposure).
- Data security risks (unauthorized access, data breaches).
6. List out different safety guidelines.
- Conduct regular workplace safety assessments.
- Provide safety training sessions for employees.
- Ensure proper fire prevention measures.
- Keep first aid kits easily accessible.
- Foster a culture of safety and awareness.
7. Describe the types of emergencies with examples.
- **Fire emergency** (Example: A short circuit causing an office fire).
- **Medical emergency** (Example: An employee suffering from a heart attack).
- **Natural disaster** (Example: An earthquake disrupting business operations).
- **Security emergency** (Example: Unauthorized access to a company's confidential files).
8.What is occupational overuse syndrome?
Occupational Overuse Syndrome (OOS), also known as Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI), is a condition
characterized by discomfort or persistent pain in muscles, tendons, and soft tissues. It occurs due to
repetitive movements, sustained awkward postures, or forceful exertion during work. Psychological
factors such as workplace stress can also contribute to OOS. Common symptoms include pain in the
neck, shoulders, wrists, or fingers, often associated with prolonged computer usage.
9. What are musculoskeletal problems?
Musculoskeletal problems affect different parts of the body, including the neck, back, chest, arms,
shoulders, and feet. These issues often arise due to poor posture, prolonged sitting, and incorrect
workstation setup. Working for long hours on computers without proper ergonomic support can
lead to body aches, stiffness, and repetitive strain injuries. Proper seating arrangements and
movement breaks help prevent musculoskeletal disorders.
10. What cautions should be taken while working on the computer?
● Position the computer monitor at eye level to maintain neutral neck posture.
● Keep the screen at an appropriate distance (around 20–30 inches).
● Ensure proper lumbar support in the chair to prevent back strain.
● Adjust armrests so that elbows are at a comfortable height.
● Use a keyboard and mouse at the same level and angle for wrist support.
● Avoid resting wrists while typing to prevent strain.
● Take regular breaks to stretch muscles and prevent fatigue.
11. What causes eye strain and how can it be avoided?
Eye strain is caused by prolonged screen exposure, glare, poor lighting, and improper monitor
positioning. It can lead to blurry vision, dryness, headaches, and discomfort.
Ways to reduce eye strain:
● Adjust screen brightness to a comfortable level.
● Position the monitor to avoid glare from lights or windows.
● Maintain an adequate distance from the screen and blink frequently.
● Wear anti-glare glasses when working for extended periods.
● Follow the 20-20-20 rule: Every 20 minutes, look at something 20 feet away for 20 seconds.
