LOW-LEVEL DESIGN
Introduction to SOLID Principles
In the last 20 years, these five principles have revolutionized the world of object-
oriented programming, changing how we write software. So, what is SOLID, and
how does it help us write better code? Let's dive into the details! These principles
encourage the creation of more maintainable, understandable, and flexible software.
Consequently, as our applications grow, we can reduce their complexity and save
ourselves a lot of headaches further down the road!
What is SOLID?
SOLID is a set of five rules that help us write better software. Imagine you are
building a house with LEGO bricks. If you follow some smart building rules, your
home will be strong, easy to modify, and won't fall apart easily. Similarly, SOLID
principles are like those smart rules for building software.
Here's what each letter stands for, request the following links to learn more about
SOLID principles.
1. S - Single Responsibility Principle (SRP)
2. O - Open/Closed Principle (OCP)
3. L - Liskov Substitution Principle (LSP)
4. I - Interface Segregation Principle (ISP)
5. D - Dependency Inversion Principle (DIP)
These principles foster a design philosophy that promotes code reusability, flexibility,
and robustness. By applying SOLID principles, you can build software that is easier
to extend, less prone to bugs, and more adaptable to change. Whether you're
working on a small project or a large-scale application, adhering to SOLID principles
can lead to a more organized and resilient codebase, ultimately making your
development process smoother and more efficient.
What is a Design Pattern?
Written by kuppa pramod
Design patterns are like special recipes for solving common problems in software
design. They help programmers create organized and effective solutions by using
tried-and-true methods.
Design Patterns vs. Algorithms
1. Algorithms: Think of algorithms like step-by-step cooking recipes. They tell
you exactly what steps to follow to make a dish. For example, an algorithm for
baking a cake will tell you the exact order of mixing ingredients, baking time,
and temperature.
2. Design Patterns: Design patterns are more like blueprints for building a
house. They show you the general idea and features of how to build
something, but they don’t tell you the exact steps. You use the blueprint to
guide how you build the house, but the details and materials you use can be
different.
How Design Patterns Work
Imagine you’re building a model airplane. You have a general idea of what you want
it to look like and how it should work, but you don’t have a specific plan yet. A design
pattern is like having a detailed plan that shows you how to build different parts of
the airplane.
Why Patterns Are Useful?
● Efficiency: They save time because you don’t have to come up with new
solutions from scratch every time.
● Consistency: They help keep your code organized and easy to understand.
● Flexibility: You can adapt the pattern to fit your specific needs, just like using
a blueprint to build a house with different rooms and features.
Types of Design Patterns
Design patterns are commonly categorized into three main types, each serving a
different purpose in software design. Here's an overview of these types and the
patterns they include:
1. Creational Patterns
Written by kuppa pramod
These patterns deal with object creation mechanisms, trying to create objects in a
manner suitable to the situation. They help to create objects in a way that is
decoupled from the specifics of the objects' creation.
● Singleton
● Factory Method
● Abstract Factory
● Builder
● Prototype and Registry
2. Structural Patterns
These patterns deal with object composition or the structure of classes and objects.
They help ensure that if one part of a system changes, the entire system doesn’t need
to change.
● Adapter
● Decorator
● Facade
● Flyweight
● Proxy
3. Behavioral Patterns
These patterns deal with object interaction and responsibility distribution. They help
manage algorithms, relationships, and responsibilities between objects.
● Chain of Responsibility
● Command
● Interpreter
● Iterator
● Mediator
● Memento
● Observer
● State
● Strategy
● Template Method
● Visitor
Design patterns are essential tools in a software developer’s toolkit. They guide you in
creating well-structured, scalable, and maintainable software. By understanding and
Written by kuppa pramod
applying design patterns, you can enhance your ability to design effective solutions,
improve code quality, and collaborate more effectively with others in the software
development process.
UML playlist
● Derek Banas
● UML Class Diagram Tutorial
● Schema Design
Machine Coding Interview Problems
Basic Systems
1. Design Parking Lot
2. Design a Coffee Vending Machine
3. Design a Task Management System
Game
1. Design Tic Tac Toe Game
2. Design Chess
3. Design Snake and Ladder Game
Miscellaneous Systems
1. Design Stack Overflow
2. Design Logging Framework
3. Design Traffic Signal Control System
4. Design Music Streaming Service (like Spotify)
5. Design Cricinfo
Information Management Systems
1. Design a Hotel Management System
2. Design LinkedIn
3. Design a Social Network like Facebook
4. Design Airline Management System
Written by kuppa pramod
5. Design Digital Wallet System
Transactional Systems
1. Design an ATM
2. Design Splitwise
3. Design Pub Sub System
4. Design Online Auction System
5. Design Car Rental System
Control Systems
1. Design Elevator System
Complex Transactional Systems
1. Design a Movie Ticket Booking System
2. Design Online Shopping Systems like UrbanCompany
3. Design Online Stock Brokerage System
4. Design Online Food Delivery Service (like Swiggy)
Written by kuppa pramod
