Differentiation:

𝑑
• (𝑥 𝑛 )=nxn-1
𝑑𝑥
𝑑 1
• (ln x)=
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
𝑑 1
• (log 𝑎 𝑥 )= (a>0 ,a≠1)
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 ln 𝑎
𝑑
• (𝑎 𝑥 )=ax ln a (a>0,a≠1)
𝑑𝑥
𝑑
• (𝑒 𝑥 )=ex
𝑑𝑥

Trigonometrical equations:

𝑑
• (sin 𝑥)= cos x
𝑑𝑥
𝑑
• (cos 𝑥)= - sin x
𝑑𝑥
𝑑 1
• (tan 𝑥)= = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥
𝑑 1
• (cot 𝑥)=- = −𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥
𝑑
• (csc 𝑥)=-cot x.csc x
𝑑𝑥
𝑑 1
• (arcsin 𝑥)=
𝑑𝑥 √1−𝑥 2
𝑑 1
• (arccos 𝑥)=−
𝑑𝑥 √1−𝑥 2
𝑑 1
• (arctan 𝑥)=
𝑑𝑥 1+𝑥 2
𝑑 −1
• (arccot 𝑥)=
𝑑𝑥 1+𝑥 2
𝑑 1
• (arccot 𝑥)=
𝑑𝑥 |𝑥|√𝑥 2 −1
𝑑 1
• (arccsc 𝑥)=−
𝑑𝑥 |𝑥|√𝑥 2 −1
𝑑
• (sinh 𝑥)=cosh x
𝑑𝑥
 𝑑
• (cosh 𝑥)=sinh x
𝑑𝑥
𝑑 1
• (tanh 𝑥)= =sech2x
𝑑𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠ℎ2 𝑥
𝑑 1
• (coth 𝑥)= =-csch2x
𝑑𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛ℎ2 𝑥
𝑑
• (𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ 𝑥)=-sech x. tanh x
𝑑𝑥
𝑑
• (𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ 𝑥)=-csch x. coth x
𝑑𝑥
𝑑 1
• (arcsinh 𝑥) =
𝑑𝑥 √𝑥 2 +1
𝑑 1
• (arccosh 𝑥) = −
𝑑𝑥 √𝑥 2 −1
𝑑 1
• (arctanh 𝑥) = ,|𝑥|<1
𝑑𝑥 1−𝑥 2
𝑑 −1
• (arccoth 𝑥) = , |𝑥|>1
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 2−1

Addition,Product ,quotient and power rule:

𝑑(𝑢+𝑣) 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣
• = +
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑(𝑢−𝑣) 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣
• = -
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑(𝑘𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
• =𝑘
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑(𝑢.𝑣) 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣
• = .v + 𝑢.
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣
𝑑 𝑢 .𝑣−𝑢
• ( )= 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑣 𝑣2
𝑑 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣
• (𝑢𝑣 )=vuv-1. +uv lnu.
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Chain rule

• Y=f(g(x)),u=g(x)
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢
= .
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥

Derivative of inverse function

𝑑𝑦 1
• = 𝑑𝑥 ,where x(y) is the inverse function of y(x)
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
Logarithmic differentiation
if Y=f(x) , ln y=ln f(x)
𝑑𝑦 𝑑
=f(x). [ln f(x)]
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
 Indefinite integrals:

• ∫ sin 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = -cosx+C

• ∫ cos 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = sin x+C
• ∫ tan 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = -ln|cos 𝑥|+C
• ∫ cot 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = -ln|sin 𝑥|+C
• ∫ sinh 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = cosh x +C
• ∫ cosh 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = sinh x +C
• ∫ tanh 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = ln cosh x +C
• ∫ coth 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = ln |sinh 𝑥|+C
• ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐ℎ2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = tanh x +C
• ∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐ℎ2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = -coth x +C
• ∫ sech 𝑥. 𝑡𝑎𝑛ℎ 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = -sech x +C
• ∫ csch 𝑥. 𝑐𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = - csch x + C
1 1 𝑥
• ∫ 2 2 𝑑𝑥 = tan−1 + 𝑐
𝑎 +𝑥 𝑎 𝑎
1 1 𝑥
• ∫ 2 2 𝑑𝑥 = sin−1 + 𝑐
√𝑎 −𝑥 𝑎 𝑎
1 1 𝑥
• ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = sec −1 + 𝑐
𝑎√𝑎2 −𝑥 2 𝑎 𝑎
1 1 3
• ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑥 –cosx +C = cos3x- cos x+C
3 12 4
1 1 3
• ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = sinx- 𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝑥 +C = sin3x+ sin x+C
3 12 4
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
• ∫ = ∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ln|tan |+C
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 𝜋
• ∫ = ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ln|tan( + )|+C
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 2 2
𝑑𝑥
• ∫ 2 = ∫ 𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥= -cotx+C
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
• ∫ 2 = ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥= -tanx+C
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥
• ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ex+ C
𝑎𝑥
• ∫ 𝑎 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = +C
ln 𝑎
𝑒 𝑎𝑥
• ∫ 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = +C
𝑎

• ∫ ln 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = x ln x-x+C
𝑑𝑥
• ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ln|ln 𝑥|+C
𝑥 ln 𝑥
1 1 𝑎+𝑥
• ∫ 2 2 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 | | + 𝑐
𝑎 −𝑥 2𝑎 𝑎−𝑥
1 1 𝑥−𝑎
• ∫ 2 2 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 | | + 𝑐
𝑥 −𝑎 2𝑎 𝑥+𝑎
𝑎 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑏𝑥−𝑏𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑏𝑥
• ∫ 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑏𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 +C
𝑎2+𝑏2
𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑏𝑥+𝑏𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑏𝑥
• ∫ 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑏𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 +C
𝑎2 +𝑏2
sin(𝑚+𝑛)𝑥 sin(𝑚−𝑛)𝑥
• ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑚𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − + + 𝑐 ; 𝑚2 ≠ 𝑛2
2(𝑚+𝑛) 2(𝑚−𝑛)
cos(𝑚+𝑛)𝑥 cos(𝑚−𝑛)𝑥
• ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑚𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − − + 𝑐 ; 𝑚2 ≠ 𝑛2
2(𝑚+𝑛) 2(𝑚−𝑛)
sin(𝑚+𝑛)𝑥 sin(𝑚−𝑛)𝑥
• ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑚𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = + + 𝑐 ; 𝑚2 ≠ 𝑛2
2(𝑚+𝑛) 2(𝑚−𝑛)
𝑎𝑥+𝑏 𝑎𝑥 𝑎𝑑−𝑏𝑐
• ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = − log|𝑐𝑥 + 𝑑| + 𝑐
𝑐𝑥+𝑑 𝑐 𝑐2
1 2 (𝑎𝑥 2 +𝑏𝑥+𝑐)′
• ∫ 2 𝑑𝑥 = tan−1 [ ]+c ; √4𝑎𝑐 − 𝑏 2 >0
𝑎𝑥 +𝑏𝑥+𝑐 √4𝑎𝑐−𝑏2 √4𝑎𝑐−𝑏2
𝑎𝑒 𝑚𝑥 +𝑏 𝑏 1 (𝑎𝑑−𝑏𝑐)
• ∫ 𝑚𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔|𝑐𝑒 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑑| + 𝐶
𝑐𝑒 +𝑑 𝑑 𝑚 𝑐𝑑
 Definite integrals:
Properties
𝑏 𝑏
1) ∫𝑎 𝑓(x) = ∫𝑎 𝑓( 𝑎 + 𝑏 − 𝑥)

𝑏 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑏−𝑎
2) ∫𝑎 =
𝑓(𝑥)+𝑓(𝑎+𝑏−𝑥) 2

𝑎
3) ∫−𝑎 𝑓( 𝑥) = 0 if f(x) is odd function
𝑎
= 2∫0 𝑓(𝑥) if f(x) is even function
𝑏 𝑎
4) ∫𝑎 𝑓( 𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = - ∫𝑏 𝑓(𝑥)dx
𝑛𝑎 𝑎
5) ∫0 𝑓( 𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑛 ∫0 𝑓(𝑥)dx if f(x+a) = f(x)
𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
6) ∫0 𝑥𝑓( 𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)dx if f(a-x) = f(x)
2 0

5) [x],|𝑥| etc functions are to be separated into intervals at discontinuous un

differentiable points to integrate

Trigonemetric shortcuts:
𝜋/2 𝜋/2 𝑚−1 𝑚−3 2 1
∫0 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = ∫0 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑛 𝑥 dx = [ x - - - - - - - - or ]k
𝑚 𝑚−2 3 2

K= 1 if n is odd
 =π/2 if n is even

𝜋/2 [(𝑚−1)(𝑚−3)− − −2 𝑜𝑟 1 ][(𝑛−1)(𝑛−3)− − −2 𝑜𝑟 1]𝐾

∫0 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑚 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑛 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = (𝑚+𝑛)(𝑚+𝑛−2)− − − − −2 𝑜𝑟 1

K= π/2 when both m&n are even

K=1

𝜋
∫0 sin 𝑎 𝑥 cosbx dx = 0 if (b-a) is even (-ve or +ve)

2𝑎
= if (b-a) is odd (-ve or +ve )
𝑎2 +𝑏2