BASIC DEFINATION @ tharge:- ais the Chorsteic proporty of van dtrentany hy vad jonwiel of Hho rather Buc prwtond, neutrons Sra erscevorssani Pf 8 Magnituds Of the varepadinca¥TanCnt varnish pis, Walled puldating cvver ‘ng S Heweuer, curviant whith KoopS on JUD Aing fy Continiotly ig called: alarrating Cuvvmnt Cc) Area, b roue on AL “a a oo z Dt b nosso i) Avene § em) a? 3A an |p sine eae — 7 ‘ jy wae to Right =3A flap ge — : ») Agwwe £ els DTho disacation of vig sho. Wale oF 3A indicate Stroy mar ae anak cwuant of 34 Jt flouing fom tne so righs oF sree a | MO 2 vel nae cuscone of -2A 4 Fwing from ght $0 Life & > Veltage Com) potential dixeronte:- gt is dopnodl ad te ermoun ee of tebe Le done tb owe sua Charge fem ene ploee $0 the nethov = CRUR We trekdong e g &= charge 2D Apia AUN: voles Cy) donila Lusvu > Biwrgy:- sty daened vas i : 4 Lapatity re do wean cos) frany fleur fan be dofinacd vas Bled, wBiK “) hang, Tho dina Energy Tay Exiat in ee. FEMS Buch ah placental, ; ; TuCKital, ghamical,& thermal e4c .. . a dinits ~ Jouled CZ) Bu fio bo.5 defined “ob the ae pte vat which citric. Energy It — umd frongy ig rae nip > Cuual 19 6 prndett MF 10 [r= w=] wy cf paw Elprients: poshue flarwenté ¢ @iiotsrol Elaments floments 3 co wine Energy vane Lalled’ Acie Elaine gioronc soo Ht sources oF EGY ge oe gocnceg count Bun’?roa Slariants ne baids te Le dinar if te Sabi tne ont Cthat is chr’ lauc) has fellows: % Eqs nedigem, indult®l, apacits A Stan Cloriens doch riot datyica tne Pie na oe Ton-Lina Element sates 44 ual s fu Ea: diodel, thesumiains Dlorbed & pteninuies, ae Llorrents s- ju The Elements Which vane Atporateds Bi Fue laced frm Mm vette ag fel - * Ege ResiBIB, induct, Capacits No The elortenes (. 4 re 4 . Pe Pripfilelly not Atporatec waxo cattod, cal BY Mensinistion sine winicn has distributed TBiserce, i ncluthonce a Notun: 4 k is wan Meargorens of various LleCinicay . ™ hie Lincute Blarencs 9 Le(oh Ane (ater De, CF,CF ane bamches jp branch roy har 7 elepneut i on poked dan branch meet ot ov point colle " pont ‘i | BABE tom Ay Gots, Pye ABCDEE 24 the woobs of the netoodke + whe se at which 4.6 moe. element join togellan a called o- node the furnchon pork one alto pe neoles a netwdk y §nthe fuse ABCDEP ant. the nods of the nebo: arenes BI Loop gt tsa eet of bronchus Pisncinoy’ cae cherach pally eogu notwhk mH Buch a wey Hat 4 pu t Ka yumoved. thaw sernaindrg Abirti hi), stectobn a dowd path ¢ a Lotinageom the Ryne we hat 8 Loos i DO A-BHexplp Dod F-E-p 009 04 the kame nob, nol branch Late 2, Called a mesh. PEL 62. Hd pee ey —- =n i is Te sty Cincwit capt Blow ja A ches, uth Sah ica ge OL Bah ty Y yao TD gel, Lott Cape, thon Hie ares on ve Crcutt any closed path, Loeb stonkig g enugy 4 beh gemuna. i Hence F!°9 any noch ao neta oud =r Cun —> vol oe Source ‘ Z i Indy en wou uy a heane incapable of [frachdal volloge Sounle- Leute] Pact ta { Cust fowlfdeal voltage Spurie eee a of am athe ddeal voltae Loune bs a toy coed aoe chiment in wslteh. the Voltage ye) x cont ka iolfnclnt afte down jg Hows itt tes om He VE phanactite of a0 Thad Voltogg | ~* 4, ounces act aay Aime the value of the totmingg | + Voltage Vs ty tonstant : woth suspect BT. ao plactial allow kounce : = Pains. \ , an a n__ eS ae H cam p, lansiclovicl oy tents, combbiration 4 pe Voltage Lpunee & aaa resistance OH te ty gy Source, netistoue, |” * btn the value Louree bets ce a ddigl Condition i on 48 In the Voltas Sow dh6 it) phemal msibtence Ls Gd Velbon aes partial punt Bower a= bs se cane be considdnicl ox 0. panalll lewbinodion Wf Ww Ldodh Lrhtrh howe aod nehlaee wohich is pepo B04 Loree poh thonnce» + the podertir- we but pho hy Pe by the tours 15 lus bo Lorn preeaeTA volbaye Sow volta: pwc quent dipdint ‘allel “4 hourice Cov" f tam Lut “Ma he ay pattinn eon aH ths ” lorlul& Hom OM inal lp tof at minal on de lenducth tb ee, twunal py OL “ pond HE nck y hcly volucta 4 W the potevitial diffestnce [veltoaefay = “bn \ fru. AY pation ty WAU : ‘ pp 10 thle Ip) Vz TP 296 We pou HL In ata UKUHdS Peyio vy. 4 (MPevE - 74g (- UriRne ¥ | Mis she propels of 0 Concutt clemtn! Y bith P\ Av he PPO He Usenet Bcd BE iat age, — inductomee a tol is Mfinsd. tt, pK al fun Lika, ty tun tuntuvt Ivy: tp 4 jn paral) te loih tuxfiak | AN 2 N00 tonyy ae Ctu Or Ay Heohy (yw) L Lid i “dé 40" nelaclOly tar rr tet f'n’ tenticl ef, Oh ‘n' fdonticat §y o capacitehs fn % (ey = I [le A nny Seed %y Relates i4 : oe indluctot €ehes energy in rpegnetic toll ’ a dea! oy te ouciqy. Steel ty ne Conducta, jn Sets | uu Hime $f Ital dé itt elomey Paap Loikeg In te dW =ptt WW =/ple 2 = vide 2 aed tot 4 a = Lfiai = a be Li* Fey "epieag ‘ a a the Propels of an Clarita by valiche it bow tf ilags ape oh Vollope a pee I 7 x. labacite r Yelations j, in, lafachet dn paall he dv. oorlapaciiols |, fe ul puglll He ypltage areh bate Opa. tie Curent basing fn Covey ne “Coy HOt art lat... d, fon! tdeutital Copercties Coy =ne tie a energy deol. fh Cappcteh - pall the capaci Sok energy in elechin held bb | ocaus ‘vo Bi! be the eategy abhi fr tondlicth to | able thm dime Fbivol ye? L Pada : asd W = ALE Wo = pat me Sivese fed gl =e/vay ah ovk ee. encigy bled tn capactoh = ev BD cig citi MM oe | bee voltage, Alvidey Since the wae ils oe hd, Mei 1 le - . z ‘ ; pesistol ai ailLY I be total yosistonc pobere- “Px f e oe went dision Aue? ne 1 ft YF x fy Ry | | ear) Pr = @& pt Kinch twvunt a gt stata that he, atqvorsic Lunt te ” as ° ction {2 cya y meeting atto wer he suum the Sum, Grom He above diagsam Woh thy Als =o i ze i= = factla+ iy voltage Laws (evr) ¢ ee thot alyhsaic Sum ete poloubel | Mb a tiseult [s p00. en, pile "9 kM be 2 chased fot, aii poloritics (ive 4-w) 4 or Hi Aud Ad ge, et ws UsSimre Volbose Vs—v,_ Vy, ees OF yy Mer Ve Aue YW tre ; vol bbb Wwe oltego —— @ La + Vol: Ques Wi done HS 5.ARs ns fisie St Ont oF US volt. Anais >! nktont £ then datenming Auartics of B Idustanc a 4 met Suu A) finevne & ae * 2 &Y ind L LHah Sruhlts opacslonce of sho Conbinnigs ta ” oh tage — L i ar ™ pny ; Lp hee "MF tHE He sa Y Oe rniraspallies feo em f Coy cutiesSh a ‘s QML Rey = 2X2-27 2+ 2-2RF = ragent tae VY = 30/06 = 283Ashat 10A Find, tnat ig ee Ssulunlont Vex sks = find pra cumansd Ty, [4 aR voltage 1ox20 200V por loge hourco of 6Vin Source. FB. i ae |= wank BoUpee of 10, en Fr eeMdina I i r © phy 40 nA pres. gon, aren ea wane ee Oto Tei 70hidtOy 5) 4 Deeb ering [MS balleny § Compara shoe dikpanad wy gy gp eh inv d 25 na ARK wo wofavor ap LAT ty ano “odes t E-2z ox Isow Pet + Pont lan = Sh psitHs = ISowW Super pobition Thdigm:- 4 4 Stokes thot in very Abnaary notis6\K Qntaining #08 Be. foie Ht, Aedperse in wong Elamork 2h eutiol 46 the nic gum 7ospndas atic By Enduulal gorce, acing valone Lite. se otha fourced are Kapt vat Bane + Votupiatin:- Gnfide a Wd var Broun in Fig & R V9 Vq bet vara. vacking Apy KEL 10 fig above VeVi ay piedr a Ry Rs tt & ). He ot Me Rr, Ry i Ry RePR\MR yt Asti) é Re Ry Vi Rat VR, at RRS TR RE RR, GLC) thon y t= _w Fav Sigal RR +R RITA; at Ry gt: =M CRatRy) RRR RE+R, R3 Hert Curae diuision Sula.rg alory v4 RiRar Ra Rat MiRy kit Ry V2 (RyRy) Ri Rat RyRy t+ RiRy Ty? Ri = VaCRerh) s&s Rit Re Rika Pa ky+ RoR Bee hs Vik; 2 Piatt Rahat RGR, Giding 10 S5:PT ALBA ng al Tonk STi = VRr ra vy Ry R Rat Reks thoR, = RiRat Rekst Bh yo vi Rot Vp Ry Ria Reh + R3 Ryabe the Soria Hence, bie rou is veriked 4 Limitations 6f duper, Ppobilion tho marys DOr not sapplicadia so tne LintAts Con tting of gp Uns Sars Qmduows dBuctOd gas puts a "ana #% a not ‘applicable 40 the cincuite Conaiating o om Sunes 14 daperetay Dakibnot wussul $81 sno Prwery calculations since - PUPPHEN INE fhe of Ihe. Cummare Cn} vatage. io o Paw, V= rip! ’ Fire tre a ae fading yl a Leute Bulb Ypokditon, thon 4ov Bowes 1A Alling G@Liij:- When i“4 Tht | HERE XY 143 4 PEP bins 6 56 shan,oprosents Bard froneo, prowenin’s shodI8m J6o-. sobiseer FI Are cube a — Ablng by trovening annum: - nant flowing 4470u u grown in Figure Te Find — Vth ain ea = ais eof a ZL, =\00=t0 = 0-45A 2020 Up = 100 01F 5X20 B5V Te finch Rthé Rth = 20020. slo tL 2+20 Tho Een CHE - Rth=loSt I6ostmar CRE TRAM tli en Chitule mal thn * or a ay , arp i bu Why Kee to une ceification. \ itt Va Ry RREt RR RR,1 se =TtMovu yy Ri Ro =O: To Fined) Ry: Rai x-@ cast RERI+RER2 Fine ANP LUNE thaoUighy \6o~TL. SUBILEA AP IM ened, 20JL oe r ales ov Tofind set wen Von Z= 1965. Teaag ws Bs Ww 00Neitons By Ct! - Fowerv valrosS Wards 72dietTn f.. oe = (055)’x5 125 wasteCLE 0 Rivr bth, I LLhIAs we up mh Mane F nitlally UnPnwnaites, 4476 f Ab = ¢ ; at J A At re ai i) And Enh eynate On both Bday Le. fn (v-R;) t4+k~( p mane tn dares a calgounic i of bade re “¢ 41 Mhilemy ConMari fan nh Uoluted fom trtial Cnet MIME the iit 4 pie 2 Bt UE GO Kohat — pyo rithy Bm tre Kiang : ¢ y Ander ib 2a70: Binca py, induct J0€2 ripe lous Anrep Morg in crane cap 4 ot sue AftOv 5g u meee’ th cites, Tha Lunnans Maman io7 a Aliting no ine Aan Yan ¢ R Put tam ahh. / i we Cinv-Ri) Onur.omplet ehporsa 18 Compokad) of ture pars fat Stiady Stato rakporbee (Y) foced ktako = reiponbea tos) P Zoro siote ruBponbe “y ; Tronkint xebporbs Natural *obporda ¥ ~ own Zane snpht spol emt busty 2 obec kre syodponss 7UWatheds the dole clfery Soma nwt son tne Assody tate Thig i2 the Cuitne Redporbe a Boras RLS cnt ae co How te + sarklont ported: ib laforect ak eto torent me tutent #0 Meth tee Firel Gy) Shegqe ene eens du inal oluo: the atom Le 28 calle Amt Orbent § it 4th dargtedl Ly ieVollage vatross § MoAiason yh Ri Rxyv (i-e"™™*) Votcagg citnobs Ld pp Ai = Le a we “Vet ce ee “t) = Ve ME ts 6 Avie) VE-> rR Ils R dos betdinit-Q!- AC Lincuits coneutk Continually in bet. olinacations, se Poriedically ' Act ch tn Maghtiude & dinacation At co £ of pubtiue § Migative voluch of van Altymatig ; ¥ ‘ fre 2 i 5 Second wr nota rime period t= crime 48H by ALbonating “ULtoniity te Complete one Cys ain dofined vab & Conbiant value tunichy ef voltage Anorage vale produced sa Soone vameunt OF fluc in @: Geis cp cenge OF Curvenk fed periedic Function £0): Rms value Coa) ef fetiue value t~ A Conbkooe valagh Wwhith Produts the. Btaro, ortours CF enogy ah produced My Ac Volage unan Prot, axe veappuizel 4? pees cpciak 100 ca coe Terveet « [au Peco Foms = y femfacsBur Te cd om Patio of ms value #9 veulorage valus a y Peak waluo te S value of uae Pear facta: Jett a make g fm Peak F alt! Peak value RAS Value