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Object Oriented Design Complete Guide

Object-Oriented Design (OOD) is a design methodology that models systems as interacting objects with their own data and behavior, emphasizing modularity, reusability, and maintainability. Key concepts include classes, objects, encapsulation, abstraction, inheritance, and polymorphism, along with various design types and techniques such as UML and design patterns. The benefits of OOD include easier maintenance, reusability, scalability, and improved team collaboration.

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58 views3 pages

Object Oriented Design Complete Guide

Object-Oriented Design (OOD) is a design methodology that models systems as interacting objects with their own data and behavior, emphasizing modularity, reusability, and maintainability. Key concepts include classes, objects, encapsulation, abstraction, inheritance, and polymorphism, along with various design types and techniques such as UML and design patterns. The benefits of OOD include easier maintenance, reusability, scalability, and improved team collaboration.

Uploaded by

balogunmatthew096
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Object-Oriented Design (OOD) - Complete Guide

What is OOD (Object-Oriented Design)?


Object-Oriented Design (OOD) is a method of design that models a system as a group of interacting

objects, each with its own data and behavior. It is based on the principles of Object-Oriented

Programming (OOP).

- Classes and objects represent real-world entities and their relationships.

- Focuses on modular, reusable, and maintainable software.

Core Concepts of OOD


Class: A blueprint for creating objects.

Object: An instance of a class.

Encapsulation: Bundling data and methods within a class to hide internal details.

Abstraction: Hiding complex implementation details and showing only essentials.

Inheritance: One class inherits properties/methods from another.

Polymorphism: One interface represents different types or methods.

Types of Object-Oriented Design


1. Class-based Design: Defines class structure and relationships.

2. Responsibility-based Design: Focuses on object tasks/responsibilities.

3. Role-based Design: Objects can dynamically assume roles.

4. Behavioral Design: Focus on object interaction and flow.

Subtypes / Techniques in OOD


1. UML (Unified Modeling Language): Class, Sequence, and Use Case diagrams.

2. GRASP Patterns: Principles for assigning responsibilities (e.g., Controller, Creator).

3. Design Patterns:
- Creational: Singleton, Factory

- Structural: Adapter, Composite

- Behavioral: Observer, Strategy

4 Pillars of OOD (OOP)


1. Encapsulation: Restrict internal details.

2. Abstraction: Show only relevant features.

3. Inheritance: Share functionality.

4. Polymorphism: Use one interface for many forms.

Benefits of OOD
- Modular design -> Easier maintenance.

- Reusability -> Saves time.

- Scalability -> Expandable systems.

- Better team collaboration.

Types of Inheritance
1. Single Inheritance: One child inherits from one parent.

2. Multilevel Inheritance: Inheriting from a child which is also a child.

3. Hierarchical Inheritance: Multiple classes inherit from one parent.

4. Multiple Inheritance (via interfaces): One class inherits from multiple parents.

5. Hybrid Inheritance: Combination of two or more types.

Polymorphism
Compile-time (Static): Method overloading.

Run-time (Dynamic): Method overriding.

Encapsulation
Wrap data and methods together. Use private fields and public getters/setters.
Abstraction
Hide complexity. Use abstract classes and interfaces.

Summary Table
Inheritance: Single, Multilevel, Hierarchical, Multiple, Hybrid - for code reuse.

Polymorphism: Compile-time and Run-time - for flexibility.

Encapsulation: Private variables and public methods - to protect internal state.

Abstraction: Abstract classes/interfaces - to focus on essentials.

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