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Unit 9 - Sequences and Functions

Unit 9 covers sequences and functions, detailing types of sequences (linear, geometric, non-linear) and how to generate and identify them. It explains finding rules for sequences using nth term formulas and represents functions through notation, input-output tables, and graphs. The document also includes common mistakes, real-world applications, and practice questions for reinforcement.

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23 views4 pages

Unit 9 - Sequences and Functions

Unit 9 covers sequences and functions, detailing types of sequences (linear, geometric, non-linear) and how to generate and identify them. It explains finding rules for sequences using nth term formulas and represents functions through notation, input-output tables, and graphs. The document also includes common mistakes, real-world applications, and practice questions for reinforcement.

Uploaded by

ee.trung.nguyen
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit 9: Sequences and Functions

9.1 Generating Sequences


Key Knowledge:

A sequence is an ordered list of numbers following a pattern.

Types of sequences:

Linear (arithmetic): Constant difference (e.g., 2, 5, 8, 11, ...).

Geometric: Constant ratio (e.g., 3, 6, 12, 24, ...).

Non-linear: Follows other patterns (e.g., square numbers: 1, 4, 9, 16, ...).

Question Types:

Generate the next 3 terms: 7, 11, 15, ___ → 19, 23, 27 (difference = +4).

Identify the sequence type: 2, 4, 8, 16 → Geometric (×2).

9.2 Finding Rules for Sequences

Key Knowledge:

Linear sequences: Rule = ( Start term + (n − 1) × Difference).


Example: 5, 9, 13, ... → Rule: ( 5 + (n − 1) × 4 = 4n + 1).
Non-linear sequences: Look for square, cube, or Fibonacci patterns.

Question Types:

Write the rule for 6, 10, 14, 18, ... → ( 4n + 2 ).

Find the missing term: 3, 7, ___, 15, 19 → 11 (rule: ( +4 )).

9.3 Using the nth Term

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Key Knowledge:

The ( nth ) term formula calculates any term directly.

For linear sequences: ( nth term = an + b), where ( a ) = difference, ( b ) =


adjustment.

Example: Sequence 8, 13, 18, ... → ( nth )term = (5n + 3).


Question Types:

Find the ( 10th ) term of 7, 12, 17, ... → ( 5n + 2 ); 10th term = 52.

Determine if 100 is in the sequence ( 3n - 1 ). → Yes (n = 33.67? No, must be whole).

9.4 Representing Simple Functions

Key Knowledge:

Function notation: ( f(x) = 2x + 3 ).

Input-output tables: Substitute ( x )-values to find ( f(x) ).

Graphs: Linear functions produce straight lines (e.g., ( y = 2x )).

Question Types:

Complete the table for ( f(x) = x - 4 ) (given ( x = 5, 7 )) → 1, 3.

Plot the graph of ( y = -x + 2 ) and identify the intercepts.

Summary Table

Sub-Topic Key Concepts Example Questions

9.1 Generating Sequences Linear, geometric, and non-linear patterns. "Next 3 terms: 12, 7, 2, ___" → -3, -8, -13.

9.2 Finding Rules ( nth term = an + b). "Rule for 10, 16, 22, ...?" → ( 6n + 4 ).

9.3 Using nth Term Calculate any term directly. "50th term of ( 2n - 5 )?" → 95.

9.4 Representing Functions Input-output tables, graphs, notation. "Solve ( f(3) ) for ( f (x) = x2 )" → 9.

Common Mistakes & Tips

Linear vs. non-linear: Check for constant differences first.

nth term: Ensure ( n ) starts at 1 (e.g., ( n=1 ) = first term).

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Graphs: Label axes and plot points accurately.

Real-World Applications:

Sequences: Savings growth, stair design, or tile patterns.

Functions: Calculating costs (e.g., ( f(x) = 5x ) for ( x ) items at £5 each).

Practice Questions:

1. Find the ( nth ) term of 20, 17, 14, 11, ... → ( -3n + 23 ).

2. Is 47 in the sequence ( 4n + 3 )? → Yes (n = 11).

3. Plot ( y = 12 x − 1) for ( x = 0, 2, 4 ).

Exercises

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