Visual Studio

#visual-
studio
Table of Contents
About 1

Chapter 1: Getting started with Visual Studio 2

Remarks 2

Versions 2

Examples 3

Installation or Setup 4

Chapter 2: Adding an extension 5

Examples 5

Adding an extension to visual studio using a `VSIX` file 5

Adding an extension to visual studio from Visual Studio Gallery 5

Chapter 3: Code Contracts 9

Remarks 9

Examples 9

Standard precondition 9

Precondition that throws a specific Exception 9

Pre and postconditions 9

Chapter 4: Connecting your visual studio project to Github 10

Examples 10

Publishing your project to a github repository removing sensitive data 10

Chapter 5: Visual Studio tools 18

Examples 18

Code Lens 18

Snippets 18

Intoduction 18

Using the code 18

1. Header 19

2. Snippet 20

2.1 Imports 20

2.2 Declarations 21

2.3 References 22
 2.4 Code 22

Import Snippet into Visual Studio 25

Point of intrest 27

Override merge/compare tools 27

Entity Framework 28

Credits 29
About
You can share this PDF with anyone you feel could benefit from it, downloaded the latest version
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It is an unofficial and free Visual Studio ebook created for educational purposes. All the content is
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The content is released under Creative Commons BY-SA, and the list of contributors to each
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Use the content presented in this book at your own risk; it is not guaranteed to be correct nor
accurate, please send your feedback and corrections to info@zzzprojects.com

https://riptutorial.com/ 1
Chapter 1: Getting started with Visual Studio
Remarks
Visual Studio is an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) from Microsoft. It enables the
developer to work project orientated with various types of projects, including Windows Forms,
Console Applications, Office Plug-Ins, and Windows Universal Apps.

The IDE supports various programming languages, the most common being Visual C#, Visual
Basic, Visual F#, and Visual C++.

There are several editions of Visual Studio: Community (free), Express (free), Professional,
Enterprise, and Ultimate (However, not all are available for all versions).

Versions

Version Supported .NET

Version Codename Date
number Framework versions

1997-02-
97 Boston 5.0 N/A
01

1998-06-
6.0 Aspen 6.0 N/A
01

2002-02-
.NET 2002 Rainier 7.0 1.0
13

2003-04-
.NET 2003 Everett 7.1 1.1
24

2005-11-
2005 Whidbey 8.0 2.0, 3.0
07

2007-11-
2008 Orcas 9.0 2.0, 3.0, 3.5
19

2010-04-
2010 Dev10/Rosario 10.0 2.0 - 4.0
12

2012-09-
2012 Dev11 11.0 2.0 - 4.5.2
12

2013-10-
2013 Dev12 12.0 2.0 - 4.5.2
17

2013.1 (Update 2014-01-

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 Version Supported .NET
Version Codename Date
number Framework versions

1) 20

2013.2 (Update 2014-05-

2) 12

2013.3 (Update 2014-08-

3) 04

2013.4 (Update 2014-11-

4) 12

2013.5 (Update 2015-07-

5) 20

2015-07-
2015 Dev14 14.0 2.0 - 4.6
20

2015.1 (Update 2015-11-

1) 30

2015.2 (Update 2016-03-

2) 30

2015.3 (Update 2016-06-

3) 27

2016-03-
"15" Preview Dev15 15.0 2.0 - 4.6.2; Core 1.0
30

2016-05-
"15" Preview 2
10

2016-07-
"15" Preview 3
07

2016-08-
"15" Preview 4
22

2016-10-
"15" Preview 5
05

3.5 - 4.7; Core 1.0 - 2017-03-

2017 Dev15 15.0 - 15.2
1.1 07

Examples

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Installation or Setup

Visual Studio can be downloaded and installed for free in Comunity edition from the Microsoft site
and can be also found in different versions. Just click on the Download button and run the
executable, then follow the instructions.

Read Getting started with Visual Studio online: https://riptutorial.com/visual-

studio/topic/972/getting-started-with-visual-studio

https://riptutorial.com/ 4
Chapter 2: Adding an extension
Examples
Adding an extension to visual studio using a `VSIX` file

If you have a vsix file, you can install it by running the file.

1. Get the vsix file (this is the extension installer)

2. Run the file.
3. In the window that opens, confirm the installation.

Adding an extension to visual studio from Visual Studio Gallery

In Visual studio

• go to Tools > Extensions and updates...

• In the window that opens go to online
• Select Visual Studio Gallery
• You can search for an extension on the search box at the upper right corner
• Select the extension you want to add
• Click on download.
• Once download is complete, click on the Install button on the window that opened.
• In order to use the extension, you might be requested to restart visual studio

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Read Adding an extension online: https://riptutorial.com/visual-studio/topic/2257/adding-an-
extension

https://riptutorial.com/ 8
Chapter 3: Code Contracts
Remarks
In order to fully benefit from Code Contracts you need to install the extension for Visual Studio.
There's also a Code Contracts User Manual.

Examples
Standard precondition

using System.Diagnostics.Contracts;

public int DivideNumbers(int numerator, int denominator)

{
Contract.Requires(denominator != 0);

return numerator / denominator;

}

Precondition that throws a specific Exception

using System.Diagnostics.Contracts;

public int DivideNumbers(int numerator, int denominator)

{
Contract.Requires<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(denominator != 0);

return numerator / denominator;

}

Pre and postconditions

using System.Diagnostics.Contracts;

public int IncrementByRandomAmount(int input)

{
Contract.Requires<ArgumentNullException>(input != null); // Don't allow null parameter.
Contract.Requires<ArgumentOutOfRangeException>(input < int.MaxValue); // We can't do
anything if we're given int.MaxValue.
Contract.Ensures(Contract.Result<int>() > input); // Return value will be greater than
input value.

Random rnd = new Random();

input += rnd.Next(1, 13); // Creates a number between 1 and 12 and adds it to input.

return input;
}

Read Code Contracts online: https://riptutorial.com/visual-studio/topic/6311/code-contracts

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Chapter 4: Connecting your visual studio
project to Github
Examples
Publishing your project to a github repository removing sensitive data

the steps in this example will use the following project structure as a demonstration

and we intend to export it to the "GHTuts" Repository [Note that the Repo doesn't exist yet on
github] but leave the "SensitiveProject" without publish as it contains some passwords, keys, etc..

1. First of all we make sure the source control plug in is set to "Git" in "Tools > Options > Plug-
in Selection"

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 2. If you can't see the "Team Explorer" tab, view it in visual studio like this

1. Go to your local solution folder and create a new file called ".gitignore.txt" [Note] this step is
only important if you have some sensitive information in your project,otherwise, let visual
studio create it for you

2. Now open the ".gitignore.txt" file and paste this in it, this is a template for ignoring common
visual studio files (check the links below)

## Ignore Visual Studio temporary files, build results, and

## files generated by popular Visual Studio add-ons.

# User-specific files
*.suo
*.user
*.userosscache
*.sln.docstates

# User-specific files (MonoDevelop/Xamarin Studio)

*.userprefs

# Build results
[Dd]ebug/
[Dd]ebugPublic/
[Rr]elease/
[Rr]eleases/
x64/
x86/
bld/
[Bb]in/

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 [Oo]bj/
[Ll]og/

# Visual Studio 2015 cache/options directory

.vs/
# Uncomment if you have tasks that create the project's static files in wwwroot
#wwwroot/

# MSTest test Results

[Tt]est[Rr]esult*/
[Bb]uild[Ll]og.*

# NUNIT
*.VisualState.xml
TestResult.xml

# Build Results of an ATL Project

[Dd]ebugPS/
[Rr]eleasePS/
dlldata.c

# DNX
project.lock.json
project.fragment.lock.json
artifacts/

*_i.c
*_p.c
*_i.h
*.ilk
*.meta
*.obj
*.pch
*.pdb
*.pgc
*.pgd
*.rsp
*.sbr
*.tlb
*.tli
*.tlh
*.tmp
*.tmp_proj
*.log
*.vspscc
*.vssscc
.builds
*.pidb
*.svclog
*.scc

# Chutzpah Test files

_Chutzpah*

# Visual C++ cache files

ipch/
*.aps
*.ncb
*.opendb
*.opensdf
*.sdf

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 *.cachefile
*.VC.db
*.VC.VC.opendb

# Visual Studio profiler

*.psess
*.vsp
*.vspx
*.sap

# TFS 2012 Local Workspace

$tf/

# Guidance Automation Toolkit

*.gpState

# ReSharper is a .NET coding add-in

_ReSharper*/
*.[Rr]e[Ss]harper
*.DotSettings.user

# JustCode is a .NET coding add-in

.JustCode

# TeamCity is a build add-in

_TeamCity*

# DotCover is a Code Coverage Tool

*.dotCover

# NCrunch
_NCrunch_*
.*crunch*.local.xml
nCrunchTemp_*

# MightyMoose
*.mm.*
AutoTest.Net/

# Web workbench (sass)

.sass-cache/

# Installshield output folder

[Ee]xpress/

# DocProject is a documentation generator add-in

DocProject/buildhelp/
DocProject/Help/*.HxT
DocProject/Help/*.HxC
DocProject/Help/*.hhc
DocProject/Help/*.hhk
DocProject/Help/*.hhp
DocProject/Help/Html2
DocProject/Help/html

# Click-Once directory
publish/

# Publish Web Output

*.[Pp]ublish.xml
*.azurePubxml

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 # TODO: Comment the next line if you want to checkin your web deploy settings
# but database connection strings (with potential passwords) will be unencrypted
*.pubxml
*.publishproj

# Microsoft Azure Web App publish settings. Comment the next line if you want to
# checkin your Azure Web App publish settings, but sensitive information contained
# in these scripts will be unencrypted
PublishScripts/

# NuGet Packages
*.nupkg
# The packages folder can be ignored because of Package Restore
**/packages/*
# except build/, which is used as an MSBuild target.
!**/packages/build/
# Uncomment if necessary however generally it will be regenerated when needed
#!**/packages/repositories.config
# NuGet v3's project.json files produces more ignoreable files
*.nuget.props
*.nuget.targets

# Microsoft Azure Build Output

csx/
*.build.csdef

# Microsoft Azure Emulator

ecf/
rcf/

# Windows Store app package directories and files

AppPackages/
BundleArtifacts/
Package.StoreAssociation.xml
_pkginfo.txt

# Visual Studio cache files

# files ending in .cache can be ignored
*.[Cc]ache
# but keep track of directories ending in .cache
!*.[Cc]ache/

# Others
ClientBin/
~$*
*~
*.dbmdl
*.dbproj.schemaview
*.pfx
*.publishsettings
node_modules/
orleans.codegen.cs

# Since there are multiple workflows, uncomment next line to ignore bower_components
# (https://github.com/github/gitignore/pull/1529#issuecomment-104372622)
#bower_components/

# RIA/Silverlight projects
Generated_Code/

# Backup & report files from converting an old project file

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 # to a newer Visual Studio version. Backup files are not needed,
# because we have git ;-)
_UpgradeReport_Files/
Backup*/
UpgradeLog*.XML
UpgradeLog*.htm

# SQL Server files

*.mdf
*.ldf

# Business Intelligence projects

*.rdl.data
*.bim.layout
*.bim_*.settings

# Microsoft Fakes
FakesAssemblies/

# GhostDoc plugin setting file

*.GhostDoc.xml

# Node.js Tools for Visual Studio

.ntvs_analysis.dat

# Visual Studio 6 build log

*.plg

# Visual Studio 6 workspace options file

*.opt

# Visual Studio LightSwitch build output

**/*.HTMLClient/GeneratedArtifacts
**/*.DesktopClient/GeneratedArtifacts
**/*.DesktopClient/ModelManifest.xml
**/*.Server/GeneratedArtifacts
**/*.Server/ModelManifest.xml
_Pvt_Extensions

# Paket dependency manager

.paket/paket.exe
paket-files/

# FAKE - F# Make
.fake/

# JetBrains Rider
.idea/
*.sln.iml

3. Now add your sensitive project folder to the ".gitignore.txt" file at any line that doesn't contain
#, so just add it at the very end, and it should look something like this

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 4. Right click on the solution and choose "Add Solution to Source Control..."

[Note] it might ask

you to save the solution before you continue

5. Now you have a "LOCAL" git Repo on your pc , which VS will read from,but without a github
Repo, and you will see a small blue lock icon next to each file in the solution that was added
to git and a red circle at the ignored project

[Note]
for more information about .gitignore file, check these links

• https://help.github.com/articles/ignoring-files/
• https://github.com/github/gitignore

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 7. Go to the "Team Explorer" tab and then "Sync"

8. Now we create a repo from vs to github like this, press the "Get Started" button

9. Now fill in your information in github for the new Repo, then click "Publish"

10. Now when we go to github we see our local repo got published to github without our
sensitive project [Note]
the url of the repo will look something like this
https://github.com/<user name>/<repo name>

Read Connecting your visual studio project to Github online: https://riptutorial.com/visual-

studio/topic/3826/connecting-your-visual-studio-project-to-github

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Chapter 5: Visual Studio tools
Examples
Code Lens

Code lens is a simple way to know what happens with the code. Here you could find an image with
the number of references of a method or class.

If you can't see the code lens please see this question: Missing CodeLens references count in VS
2015 Community edition

Snippets

Intoduction
Since Visual Studio 2005 can you make Intellisense Code Snippets. This allow you to generate
some code just by typing one keyword and press two times the tab key.

Using the code

The XML code you need for make an Intellisense Code Snippet stands below:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<CodeSnippets xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/VisualStudio/CodeSnippet">
<CodeSnippet Format="1.0.0"> <!-- format attribute is required -->

<Header> <!-- 1 -->

<Title></Title>
<Author></Author>
<Shortcut></Shortcut>

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 <Description></Description>
<Keywords>
<Keyword>abc<Keyword>
<Keyword>def<Keyword>
</keywords>
</Header>

<Snippet> <!-- 2 -->

<Imports> <!-- 2.1 -->

<Import>
<Namespace>System</Namespace>
</Import>
</Imports>

<Declarations> <!-- 2.2 -->

<Literal Editable="true/false"> <!-- 2.2.1 -->
<ID>example</ID>
<Type>System.String</Type>
<ToolTip>A tip you can show</ToolTip>
<Default>default value</Default>
<Function></Function> <!-- 2.2.2 -->
</Literal>

<Object> <!-- 2.2.1 -->

<ID>example</ID>
<Type>System.String</Type>
<ToolTip>A tip you can show</ToolTip>
<Default>default value</Default>
<Function></Function> <!-- 2.2.2 -->
</Object>
</Declarations>

<References> <!-- 2.3 -->

<Reference>
<Assembly>System.Data.dll</Assembly>
</Reference>
</References>

<Code Language=""> <!-- 2.4 -->

<![CDATA[
<!-- your code here if you use literals use dollar chars -->
]]>
</Code>

</Snippet>

</CodeSnippet>
</CodeSnippets>

In the snippet tag, you have two required tags named Header and Snippet. You can find more
information in next headings. The number near the name are correspondents with the numbers in
the code above.

There can be zero or more CodeSnippet elements added into the CodeSnippets element.

1. Header

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In the Header-tag, you can place some specific information about the snippet and what he does.
The important tags you can use inside this tag are:

Element Description

Title The title of the snippet. This attribute is required.

Author The author of the snippet.

Is the shortcut, you can use for generating the code. Note that this can only
contain letters and numbers and must begin with a letter.
Shortcut Note: Remember also to give the snippet a good and unique name and
shortcut. Otherwise, it will give problems when you import the snippet into
Visual Studio.

Description Gives more information about the snippet if you need that.

HelpUrl A url for a help page on the internet.

Keywords Groups one or more keyword elements.

Groups SnippetType elements. This element contain a text value and must be
one of the following values. Snippet types are merged with a forward slash.

SnippetTypes • SurroundsWith: Allows the code snippet to be placed around a selected

piece of code.
• Expansion: Allows the code snippet to be inserted at the cursor.
• Refactoring: Specifies that the code snippet is used during Visual C#
refactoring. Refactoring cannot be used in custom code snippets.
Source list: msdn.microsoft.com

Source table (but edits): msdn.microsoft.com

2. Snippet
In the snippet tag, you can use three different tags. This can be:

• Imports
• Declarations
• Code (required)
• References

These are explained below.

2.1 Imports

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Importscontain the needed namespaces you need for the code. Use the import-tag inside this tag
and here you can place the needed namespaces each with the Namespace-tag.

2.2 Declarations

Declarations can be used for declaring some literals or objects into your code in the Code-tag. The
children are literals and objects.

2.2.1 Literals and objects

Literals and objects define the literals and objects of the code snippet that you can edit.
Functionality are literals and objects are the same, but it has an additional type constraint.

The Literal and object-tag can contain next children:

• ID:The ID of the literal (required)

• Type: The type of that object including namespace and class (required by objects)
• ToolTip: Gives a tip
• Default: A default value of that object (required)
• Functions

In the snippets, there are some predefined literals. They are listed below:

Literal Details

$end$ Marks the location to place the cursor after the code snippet is inserted.

Represents text selected in the document that is to be inserted into the snippet
when it is invoked. Example, If you have:

A $selected$ is an object that I like.

$selected$
and the word was car selected when you invoked the template, you would get:

A car is an object that I like.

2.2.2 Functions

Functions in the Literal- or Object-tag means that you can use a function for generating code
depending on another element. There are three functions that I know:

Function Description Language

Generates a switch statement and a set of case

Visual C#
GenerateSwitchCases statements for the members of the enumeration
(EnumerationLiteral) and Visual
specified by the EnumerationLiteral parameter.
J#1
The EnumerationLiteral parameter must be either

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 Function Description Language

a reference to an enumeration literal or an

enumeration type.

Visual C#
Returns the name of the class that contains the
ClassName() and Visual
inserted snippet.
J#1

Reduces the TypeName parameter to its simplest

SimpleTypeName(TypeName) form in the context in which the snippet was Visual C#
invoked.

1 only available in Visual Studio 2005.

Source table: msdn.microsoft.com

Attributes for the Literal and Object Elements

The Literal and Object tags can have some optional attributes.

Attribute Description Type

Specifies whether or not you can edit the literal after the code snippet
Editable Boolean
is inserted. The default value of this attribute is true.

Source table: msdn.microsoft.com

2.3 References

Groups reference elements that contains information about assembly references for the code
snippet. This can contain next elements:

• Assembly: Contains the name of the assembly by the code snippet (required)
• Url: Contains a website that gives more information about the assembly

2.4 Code

Code is the code you will generate between <![CDATA[ and ]]>. Place the ID of your literal between
dollar chars and Visual Studio will ask you for change these default value if the declarations are
filled in. Here, you've an example for C# and VB for the shortcut propfull.

<!-- ... Other code ... -->

<Declarations>
<Literal>
<Id>variablename</Id>
<Default>_myproperty</Default>
</Literal>

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 <Literal>
<Id>propertytype</Id>
<Default>int</Default>
</Literal>

<Literal>
<Id>propertyname</Id>
<Default>myproperty</Default>
</Literal>
</Declarations>

<Code Language="CSharp">
<![CDATA[
private $propertyvalue$ $variablename$;

public $propertyvalue$ $propertyname$

{
get { return $variablename$; }
set { $Variablename$ = Value; }
}
]]>
</Code>

<!-- ... Other code ... -->

<Declarations>
<Literal>
<Id>variablename</Id>
<Default>_myproperty</Default>
</Literal>

<Literal>
<Id>propertytype</Id>
<Default>int</Default>
</Literal>

<Literal>
<Id>propertyname</Id>
<Default>myproperty</Default>
</Literal>
</Declarations>

<Code Language="VB">
<![CDATA[
Private $variablename$ As $propertyvalue$

Public Property $propertyname$ As $propertyvalue$

Get
Return $variablename$
End Get

Set (ByVal value As $propertyvalue$)

$variablename$ = value
End Set
End Property
]]>
</Code>

<!-- ... Other code ... -->

In the required Language attribute, you can define your language where you are making the

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snippet. You can find the languages you can use in the next table.

Language Keyword Available in next versions

Visual C# CSharp 2005, 2010, 2012 and later

Visual Basic VB 2005, 2010, 2012 and later

XML XML 2005, 2010, 2012 and later

Visual J# VJSharp 2005, 2012 and later

C++ CPP 2012 and later

JavaScript JavaScript 2012 and later

JScript JScript 2012 and later

SQL SQL 2012 and later

HTML HTML 2012 and later

CSS CSS 2012 and later

XAML XAML 2012 and later

Other optional attributes are:

Attribute Description

Specifies the delimiter used to describe literals and objects in the code. By
Delimiter
default, the delimiter is $.

Specifies the kind of code that the snippet contains and, therefore, the location at
Kind
which a code snippet must be inserted for the code snippet to compile.

The valid values for the kind variable are:

Value Description

method Specifies that the code snippet is a method body, and therefore, must be
body inserted inside a method declaration.

method Specifies that the code snippet is a method, and therefore, must be inserted
decl inside a class or module.

Specifies that the code snippet is a type, and therefore, must be inserted inside
type decl
a class, module, or namespace.

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 Value Description

Specifies that the snippet is a full code file. These code snippets can be inserted
file
alone into a code file, or inside a namespace.

Specifies that the snippet can be inserted anywhere. This tag is used for code
any
snippets that are context-independent, such as comments.

Source tables: msdn.microsoft.com

Import Snippet into Visual Studio

1. Save the XML code and give it the extension .snippet.

2. You can add the new made snippet into Visual Studio by pressing Control + K, Control + B or
go to "Tools" → "Code Snippets Manager...". This open next window:

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 3. Choose the language into the combo box for which language you've made the snippet. click
on "Import..." and choose the file you've made.

4. Click on "Finish". If the file name already has been used, Visual Studio go ask to override
the existing file. You've three options:

• Overwrite: Overwrites the file. You can use this option if you will edit an old snippet.
• Rename: Goes to rename the file to an unique name.
• Skip: Cancels the import. Renames the file to a unique name.

You could also add a new location with all the snippets you've made by clicking on the "Add..."
button on the first window and select the folder in the "select folder window". The advantage is
now when a new valid snippet is added in that folder, you can use this directly in Visual Studio.

Note: Test after importing your snippet for errors, so you don't have any problems when you use

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the snippet. You can always remove or overwrite the snippet if there is an error.

Point of intrest
You can also see the documentation on MSDN for more information.

Override merge/compare tools

Got to Tools | Options | Source Control | Visual Studio Team Foundation Server

click on the Configure User Tools:

You can add separate overrides for 'Compare' and 'Merge' operations. Click on Add and select the
operation you want to override. You'd need to type the path to the tool you use, and the exact
arguments your tool expects. For example to use BeyondCompare, add the following Arguments "
%1 %2 /title1=%6 /title2=%7":

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To Merge with BeyondCompare use the Arguments "%1 %2 %3 %4 /title1=%6 /title2=%7
/title3=%8 /title4=%9"

In a 2006 blog post MS employee James Manning surveyed the arguments as expected by
various tools: WinDiff, DiffDoc, WinMerge, Beyond Compare, KDiff3, Araxis, Compare It!,
SourceGear DiffMerge, TortoiseMerge and Visual SlickEdit. The post is a good starting point, but
be sure to check the up to date documentation of your tool.

It is highly recommended not to use for merge tools that are incapable of 3-way merges (e.g.,
WinMerge 2.x).

Entity Framework

Entity Framework (EF) is an object-relational mapper that enables .NET developers to

work with relational data using domain-specific objects. It eliminates the need for most
of the data-access code that developers usually need to write.

Entity Framework allows you to create a model by writing code or using boxes and
lines in the EF Designer. Both of these approaches can be used to target an existing
database or create a new database.
Source and more information: Entity Framework documentation

Read Visual Studio tools online: https://riptutorial.com/visual-studio/topic/2398/visual-studio-tools

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Credits
S.
Chapters Contributors
No

Almir Vuk, Avi Turner, Cody Gray, Community, Derpcode,

Getting started with
1 Fruchtzwerg, H. Pauwelyn, meJustAndrew, Misaz, Nikita,
Visual Studio
Richard Banks

2 Adding an extension Avi Turner

3 Code Contracts Disk Crasher

Connecting your
4 visual studio project bigworld12
to Github

5 Visual Studio tools dove, H. Pauwelyn, Ofek Shilon

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