th

9 standard
social science
2025-26
Textbook solutions
For Academic success

PREPARED BY

Manjunatha S
Assistant Master
GGJC(HS), K R Nagar
Mysuru District
 9
Standard

Social Science
(Solved Textbook Questions)

Prepared By

Manjunatha S
Assistant Master
G.G.J.C (HS), K R Nagar,
Mysuru District.

1
 Content
Part -1
Chapter Chapters Page No
No
History
1 WESTERN RELIGIONS 3
2 INDIA FROM 6TH TO 14TH CENTURY 5
3 RELIGIOUS REFORMERS OF INDIA 6
4 VIJAYANAGAR EMPIRE AND BAHAMANI KINGDOM 8
Political Science
5 OUR CONSTITUTION 11
6 THE UNION GOVERNMENT 13
7 THE STATE GOVERNMENT 14
8 THE JUDICIARY 15
Sociology
9 Family 16
Geography
10 OUR STATE KARNATAKA - PHYSIOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS 18
11 NATURAL DIVERSITY OF KARNATAKA 20
12 WATER RESOURCES OF KARNATAKA 21
13 LAND RESOURCES OF KARNATAKA 22
Economics
14 ECONOMIC STRUCTURE 23
15 SECTORS OF INDIAN ECONOMY 25
Business Studies
16 MANAGEMENT OF BUSINESS 27

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 HISTORY
CHAPTER – 1
WESTERN RELIGIONS
I. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.
1. Progenitor of Judaism is Abraham or Ebrahim
2. The founder of Zoroastrianism Zarathustra
3. The birthplace of Jesus Christ is Bethlehem
4. Christ was crucified on the hillock Golgotha
5. Christianity became the state religion of Rome during the period of Emperor Constantine
6. Muhammed Paigambar was born at Mecca
7. The Holy book of Islam is Quran
8. The successors of Muhammed Paigambar are known as Khalifs

II. Answer the following questions by discussing with your friends.

9. List out the 10 rules of Judaism.
 Do not have any other God except ‘Yahweh’.
 Do not worship Idols.
 Do not disrespect or misuse God’s name.
 Remember ‘Sabbath’ as the Holy day.
 Honour your mother and father.
 Adultery is not acceptable.
 Do not commit murder.
 Do not steal.
 Do not tell lies.
 Do not be envious.
10. Zoroastrianism is more similar to the Vedic rituals and practices. Justify.
 Parsi religion is more similar to Vedic rituals and practices.
 For example, their belief good will be victorious over the evil in their conflict and the
worship of Sun is also similar.
 The Holy book ‘Zend Avestha’ contains shlokas called ‘Gatha’.
 The rituals related to worship is named ‘Yashna’.
 It can be noted that these words are of Sanskrit origin.
11. Write about life of Jesus Christ.
 The birthplace of Jesus is Bethlehem, 5 kilometres away from Jerusalem in Judea province.
 He was the only son of the poor couple, Joseph and Mary.
 Not much is known about his early life.
 Jesus knew Aramic and Semitic languages.
 At this time, the Jews were awaiting the arrival of a Messiah, who would save them from
their problems.
 A person named John had predicted this arrival.
 John was basically a religious preacher.

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 He used to baptise the people who came to him.
 Even Jesus was baptised by John.
 John declared Jesus as the Messiah.
 Jesus was 30 years at that time.
12. List the teachings of Jesus Christ.
 God is one and he is the most merciful. He is the creator of entire creation.
 Everyone should develop brotherhood feelings about others.
 Loving the people who are in distress is equal to worshipping God.
 One should serve others without expecting anything from them.
 Serving people is equal to the worship of God.
 If one repents for his mistakes God will forgive him.
 Love your enemy. Do good to the people who try to harm you.
13. How was Christianity spread?
 After the crucifixion of Jesus, his disciples were tortured.
 Some of them were crucified.
 During the time of Emperor Constantine, Christianity was adopted as the State Religion.
 Subsequently, Christianity spread throughout Europe.
 Today, Christian Churches are found throughout the world and have a large number of
followers.
14. Write a note on the life of Muhammed, the Prophet.
 The Prophet Muhammed Paigambar is the founder of Islam Religion.
 He was born at Mecca in 570.
 Abdulla and Ameena were his parents.
 His father died a few months before Muhammed’s birth.
 He lost his mother when he was six-year-old.
 Thereafter, he grew up under the care of his uncle, who was basically a trader.
 He had to travel long distances for his trade.
 Muhammed used to accompany him during these travels.
 After Mecca some time, Muhammed was employed to service in a rich widow’s house.
 Later, he married that widow.
 They had two sons and four daughters.
15. What is ‘Hijra’?
 The orthodox community of Mecca began to oppose the Prophet.
 Due to this, Muhammed Paigambar could not preach in Mecca any more.
 In the year 622 he travelled from Mecca to Medina.
 This journey became popular in history as ‘Hijira’.
16. What are the rules (rituals) of Islam?
 Kalima – Belief only in Allah. Muhammed is his Prophet.
 Namaz - Prayer for Allah for five times a day.
 Roza - Fasting in the month of Ramzan.
 Zakat - Definite sum of the income should be donated to the poor.
 Haj - Pilgrimage to Mecca once in lifetime.

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 CHAPTER – 2
INDIA FROM 6TH TO 14TH CENTURY
I. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.
1. The founder of Gurjara-Pratihara Rajput dynasty was Harichandra
2. Prithviraj Chauhan defeated Mohammed Ghori in the first battle of Terrain.
3. The chief commander of Mohammad Ghori was Qutubuddin Aibak
4. The first woman to rule among the Delhi Sultans was Razia Begum
5. The famous Sultan of the Khilji dynasty was Allauddin Khilji
6. The capital was shifted from Delhi to Devagiri during the rule of the Tughlaq.
II. Answer the following questions.
7. Explain the contributions of the Rajput kings in the field of literature.
 The Rajput kings encouraged scholars and thereby have contributed a lot to the field of
literature.
 The Rajput kings Bhoja and Munja were scholars themselves.
 Great poetic works like ‘Gita Govinda’ of Jayadeva,
 ‘Kiratarjuniya’ of Bharavi,
 Ravanavadha of Bharthrahari,
 Kavyameemamsa of Mahendrapala were written in this period.
 Dramas like ‘Balaramayana’ and ‘Karpuramanjari’ of Rajasekhara,
 ‘Mahavira Charita’ and ‘Uttara Ramacharita’ of Bhavabhuti,
 Historical works like ‘Rajatarangini’ of Kalhana, ‘Prithvirajavijaya’ of Jayanika and
‘Kumarapalacharita’ of Hemachandra are the significant works of this period.
 ‘Prithvirajaraso’ was written by Chand Bardai
 ‘Bhoja prabandha’ was written by Ballala.
 During this period Gujarati, Rajasthani and Hindi languages saw lot of development.
8. Who was the important king of Karkota dynasty of Kashmir? How he expanded his
Empire?
 Lalithaditya Muktapeeda was the most important king of Karkota dynasty.
 Lalithaditya was a born brave, courageous and ambitious.
 He defeated Yashovarma of Kanauj.
 He laid his supremacy over Kabul by defeating Shahi dynasty.
 He maintained diplomatic relations with many of the kings of vindhyachal, making sure that
no one became his enemy in these parts.
 He developed friendly relations with the Rashtrakutas also.
 He extended his empire’s influence up to Bengal in the East.
 Lalithaditya made friendship with the Tang kings of China.
 With their help, he fought against the Tibetans and liberated many of the kingdoms of
northwest India that were under their control.
 And also, he expanded Karkota kingdom up to Turkey.
 Thus, Karkota dynasty included Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kirgizstan and Kajaki stan and
Kabul.
9. Describe in brief the administrative system under Iltamush.
 Iltamush divided his kingdom into provinces (ikta) and to oversee the administration,
appointed provincial officers (iktadars).
 He appointed a group of 40 Sardars to advise him in the matters of administration and
justice
 The Prime Minister and the judges were advisors to the Sultan.

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10. What are the administrative reforms of Allauddin Khilji?
 Allauddin Khilji brought about many reforms in the administration.
 He abolished religious endowments, inams (gifts), land and subsidy.
 He established efficient intelligence network.
 He abolished consumption of alcohol, drugs and gambling.
 He also banned social gatherings of his lieutenants, their socialization with the public and
inter-caste marriages.
 He directed his lieutenants to collect heavy tax from the public.
11. What are the administrative reforms brought in practice by Mohammad bin Tughlaq?
 Revenue reforms
 Shifting of his capital
 Practice of symbolic coins
 Deccan Policy
12. Illustrate the contributions of the Delhi Sultans to art and architecture with
examples.
 The Delhi Sultans introduced a new style of architecture known as ‘Indo-Islamic’.
 Arches, domes and minarets form the main features of this style.
 The Delhi sultans constructed forts, mosques, palaces, public buildings, madrasas and
choultries.
 Examples of Indo-Islamic style are: Kuwat-ul-Islam Mosque, Qutub Minar, Alai Darwaja and
Jamait Khana mosques at Delhi.
13. What was the result of the First Battle of Panipat?
 Babar invaded India and in the First Battle of Panipat in 1526, defeated Ibrahim Lodhi and
established Moghul Rule.
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CHAPTER – 3
RELIGIOUS REFORMERS OF INDIA
I. Fill in the blanks with suitable words:
1. Shankaracharya was born at Kaladi in Kerala.
2. “The world is an illusion; Brahma alone is the Truth”. This was propounded by
Shankaracharya
3. Ramanujacharya’s disciples are called Shrivaishnavites
4. Proponent of Dwaita philosophy is Madwacharya
II. Answer the following questions by discussing with your group:
5. Who is the proponent of Advaita philosophy?
 Shankaracharya propagated the Advaitha philosophy.
6. Which is the philosophy advocated by Ramanujacharya? What is their sect called?
 Ramanujacharya’s philosophy is called ‘Vishitadvaita’ and the religion he propagated is
called ‘Shrivaishnavism’.
7. Name the books written by Ramanujacharya.
 Vedanta Samgraha
 Vedanta Sara
 Vedanta Deepika
 Sreebhasya
 Geethabhashya

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8. Which are the tenets advocated by Madwacharya?
 According to Madhvacharya, the world is not maya or illusion.
 It is as true as Paramatma or the Divine Soul.
 Between these, the Divine soul is independent and the rest of the world is illusionary.
 The Divine soul and the human soul have a Lord and Servant relation.
 Lord Vishnu or Narayana alone is supreme.
 Worship of Lord Vishnu can elevate the human soul and thus enable it to attain moksha.
9. Name the books written by Shankaracharya.
 Shankarabhasya
 Anandalahari
 Soundaryalahari
 Shivanandalahari
 Vivekachoodamani
 Prabuddasudhakara
 Dakshina murthy Stotra
 His hymn Bhajagovindam is very famous.
10. What were the welfare measures of Basavanna?
 He opposed caste system.
 Having meditated at Kudalasangama, he composed Vachanas keeping ‘Kudalasangama Deva’
as his penname.
 He condemned the rituals, superstition and blind beliefs which was in practice then.
 He was instrumental in bringing economic, social and religious reforms in the society.
 He established ‘Anubhava Mantapa’ known as the world’s first parliament at Basava Kalyana
of present Bidar district.
 Basavanna worked for the reformation of the soul along with the reformation of the society.
 Basavanna propounded the idea of one God in the form of Istalinga with the concept of
‘body as temple’, and ‘Awareness as Guru’.
 He believed that compassion (Daya) is the base of Dharma and stressed non-violence.
 He brought out new concepts like work (Kayaka), charity (Dasoha) and Istalinga.
 Through these concepts, Basavanna established equal and secular society devoid of
discrimination of gender and caste in Kalyana
11. Which followers were with Basavanna during the Vachana movement?
 Satyakka  Ambigara Chowdiah
 Aydakki Lakkamma  Madiwala Machiah
 Siddarama  Madara Chennaiah,
 Channa Basavanna  Samagara Haralaiah
 Molige Maraiah,  Kinnari Bommaiah
12. What is the meaning of ‘Kayave Kailasa’ propagated by Basavanna?

 ‘The eternal shall perish, the transient will stay on’, ‘‘Body is abode of Lord Shiva’’ (Kayave
Kailasa), thus said Basavanna, stressing on ‘Kaya’ and upheld the principle of work culture.
 He also declared there is no superiority or inferiority in work.
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 CHAPTER - 4
VIJAYANAGARA EMPIRE AND
BAHAMANI KINGDOM
I. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.
1. Vijayanagara empire was established in the year 1336
2. The poetess, who wrote Madhura Vijaya is Gangadevi
3. Praudhadevaraya’s minister was Lakkanna Dandesha
4. The king who wrote Amukta Malyada in Telugu was Krishnadevaraya
5. The minister who established a famous madrasa at Bidar was Mohammad Gawan
6. The king who wrote Kitab-E-Navarasa was Ibrahim Adil Shah II
II. Answer the following questions after discussing in your group.
7. Name the four dynasties who ruled Vijayanagara empire.
 Sangama
 Saluva
 Tuluva
 Araveedu
8. What were the achievements of Devaraya II?
 The most famous king in the Sangama dynasty was Devaraya II.
 He had earned the title of ‘Elephant Hunter’.
 Devaraya II defeated the king Kapilendra of Gajapati dynasty of Orissa and seized
Kondaveedu.
 By suppressing the regional kings across the border, he expanded the kingdom up to
Krishna River in the north east.
 Later, he defeated the Kerala ruler and received royalties from Kerala and Sri Lanka.
 This earned him the title “Dakshinapathada Chakravarthi” (the Emperor of the South).
 Through these conquests the Vijayanagara Empire extended from Sri Lanka to Gulbarga and
Telangana to Malabar.
9. What were the problems Krishnadevaraya had to face when he ascended the throne?
 When Krishnadevaraya came to power, the kingdom faced various complicated internal and
external problems.
 The Europeans who had arrived through new sea-route established their colonies.
 The five Shahi kingdoms of the Bahamani dynasty plunged into wars with Krishnadevaraya.
 In addition to these, the kings of Ummatthur and Orissa were a constant source of threat.
10. What are the contributions of Vijayanagara empire to the economic system and
society?
Economic System
 Vijayanagar was economically prosperous.
 Land tax was the main source of revenue for the kingdom.
 Farmers used to give of their income to the government in the form of tax.
 Professional tax, revenue tax, road tax, market tax, commercial tax, import and export taxes
and tributes from the vassals were the other forms of revenue to the kingdom.

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 Agriculture was the backbone of the economy.
 People grew different kinds of crops throughout the year.
 Jowar, ragi, paddy, wheat, lentils, pulses like green gram, black gram and tuvar, sesame (til)
seeds, groundnuts, cotton, sugarcane and coconut were the main crops.
 The Vijayanagara empire achieved progress in the field of industries and commerce.
 Spices like pepper, cloves and cardamom, salt Petre, iron ore, diamonds, granulated sugar,
musk, sandal perfume etc. were exported by them.
 There were important textile industries
Social System
 There was also occupation-based caste system.
 There were many skilled artisans, blacksmiths, goldsmiths, bell metal smiths, carpenters,
weavers and cobblers in the society.
 The practices of child marriage, sati and devadasi systems were prevalent.
 Though monogamy was the common practice, kings and rich people had many wives.
 Women enjoyed a dignified status in society.
 There were female wrestlers and female palace guards.
 Holi, Deepavali and Dasara festivals were celebrated publicly.
 Dasara festival used to be celebrated with pomp and glory at Hampi under royal patronage.
 As evidence of this Maha Navami Dibba can still be seen.
 Music and dance enjoyed great popularity.
11. Describe the art and architecture of the Vijayanagar period.
 The excellent work done by Vijayanagar kings in the fields of art and architecture is
memorable.
 The emperors were known as great patrons of architecture.
 During this period, temples, palaces, forts, towers, huge halls (mahamantapa), public
buildings, tanks, bunds, canals and dams were constructed.
 The Vijayanagar kings continued the architectural style of Chalukyas, Cholas and Hoysalas.
 The unique feature of their architecture was the construction of huge auditorium and
marriage halls.
 Temples had huge towers (rayagopura), leaf-shaped arches and platforms.
 In this art, more than ornamentation, the qualities of grandeur, awe and elegance were
given importance.
 Rough granite stone (Kanashile) was used for construction of these structures.
 The style of constructing huge towers (Gopura) in front of the temples was first started by
the kings of Vijayanagara.
12. Mohammad Gawan was an able Prime Minister of Bahamani Kingdom. How?
 From 1347 to 1426, Kalburgi was the capital of Bahamani kingdom.
 During this period, Mohammad Gawan ruled the kingdom with selflessness and dedication.
 As a Prime Minister, he took the Bahamani kingdom to great heights.
 He learnt Muslim religious verses and law at Kairo, also gained proficiency in Arabic and
Parsi languages.
 He served as the Prime Minister during the rule of Bahamani kings Humayun, Nizam Shah
and Mohammad Shah III.

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 He was responsible for enhancing the glory of Bahamani kingdom by his efficient
administration and victories.
 Gawan conquered Konkan, Goa and Belagavi.
 Later, he invaded Orissa and conquered Kondaveedu.
 In the year 1481., he invaded Kanchi and plundered its huge wealth.
 Thus, Mohammad Gawan who was responsible for the all-round development of the
Bahamani kingdom
13. Describe the administration and taxation system during the rule of the Bahamani
sultans.
Administration
 There were three levels of administration namely Central, Provincial and Village.
 Among these, there was revenue, judicial and military administration too.
 The Sultan was the chief of the central administration. The cabinet was called Majlis-E-
Ilwith.
Taxation System
 Amir-E-Jumlas were the head of the revenue authorities.
 Land tax was the main source of income for the kingdom. 1/3 to ½ of the agricultural
production was collected as land tax.
 There were 50 kinds of taxes including house, mines, tobacco, grasslands, trade and
employment.
 The money earned by taxation was used for maintaining palaces, wars and bodyguards,
construction and maintenance of forts.
14. Explain the education, art and architecture of the Bahamani sultans.
Education
 The educational policy of the Adil Shahis was to propagate Islamic culture.
 There were schools known as maktabs.
 They were under the control of mosques.
 The students in the maktabs were taught the alphabet, religion, law, poetry and rhetoric.
 The madrasas were centres of higher education
Art and Architecture
 The Sultans developed Indo-Saracenic style of architecture.
 The Jamia mosque built by Ali Adil Shah I is a prominent monument even today.
 Ibrahim Roza, Gol Gumbaz, Gagan Mahal and Asar Mahals are the important monuments of
this time.
 These monuments have made the Adil Shahis world famous.
 The Gol Gumbaz at Vijayapura is one of the greatest structures in the world.
 It has an area of 1800 sq.ft.
 There are 7- storied minarets in the four corners of the building.
 There is a huge dome in the center.

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 POLITICAL SCIENCE
CHAPTER – 5
OUR CONSTITUTION
I. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.
1. The Law which governs the States is Constitution
2. The first meeting of Constituent Assembly was held on 9th December, 1946
3. The Chairman of the Drafting Committee of the Constitution was Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
4. Our Constitution provides for a Parliamentary form of Government.
5. Our Constitution provides for Single citizenship to its citizens.
6. The Right for Constitutional Remedies has been incorporated in Article 32
7. The Directive Principles of State Policy are borrowed from the Irish Constitution.
II. Answer the following questions.
8. Who was the President of the Constituent Assembly?
 Dr Babu Rajendra Prasad
9. When did the constitution come into force?
 The Indian Constitution came into force on 26 January, 1950
10. What does the Preamble to the Constitution contain?
 The Preamble contains the fundamental policies and ideals of the constitution.
 It is the sum of the structure, values, principles and goals of the constitution.
 It is based on the aspirations and ideals of the people of India.
11. What do you mean by ‘Secularism’?
 Secularism is the assertion that all religions are treated equally.
 In the opinion of Jawaharlal Nehru, it is not only related to the worldly life but also to the
spiritual life. In general, secularism is to follow the policy of inter faith equality or equality
among all religions.
12. Explain the salient features of our Constitution.
 Written and Lengthy Constitution
 Flexible and Rigid Constitution
 Parliamentary Form of Government
 Republican System
 Federal System
 Fundamental Rights
 Fundamental Duties
 Directive Principles of State Policy
 Independent and Centralized Judicial System
 Single Citizenship
 Universal Adult Franchise
 Bicameral Legislature or Central Legislature
 Multy Party System
13. Which are the Fundamental Rights incorporated in our Constitution?
 Right to Liberty
 Right to Equality

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 Right against Exploitation
 Right to Religion
 Right to Education and Culture
 Right to Constitutional Remedy.
14. Make a list of the Fundamental Duties.
 To respect the Constitution, National Flag and National Anthem.
 To follow the noble ideals that inspired our National Struggle for Freedom.
 To protect the integrity of India.
 To defend the motherland when called upon to do so.
 To promote the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India.
 To preserve our rich heritage.
 To protect and improve the natural environment.
 To develop the scientific temper and the spirit of enquiry.
 To safeguard public property and to give up violence.
 To strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activities.
 The Parents or the guardians should provide an opportunity for education to their children
between 6 and 14 years.
15. Which are the Directive Principles of State Policy?
 To provide adequate means of livelihood to all citizens.
 To prevent the community wealth and resources from becoming the private property of a
few people.
 To provide equal pay for equal work to both men and women and to protect labour welfare.
 To provide public assistance to those who are old, sick and weak or helpless.
 To implement a Uniform Civil Code throughout the country.
 To provide opportunities for the development of health and pre-school education to all
children below 6 years.
 To protect historical monuments and maintain places of historical interest.
 To separate the Executive from the Judiciary.
 To protect international peace and to respect international law.
 To encourage the settlement of international disputes through arbitration.
 To establish Gram Panchayats.
 To encourage rural and cottage industries.
 To organise and develop agriculture and animal husbandry on modern lines.
 To ensure prohibition of liquor.
 To ensure development of farming based on scientific methods.

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 CHAPTER – 6
THE UNION GOVERNMENT
I. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.
1. India has a Parliamentary form of government.
2. The Union Legislature is called The Parliament
3. The Chairman of the Rajya Sabha is the Vice-President
4. One has to complete 25 years to become a member of the Lok Sabha.
5. The Commander-in-Chief of the three-Armed Forces is the President
6. The process for electing the President is explained under Articles 54 and 55 of the
Constitution.
7. The Chairman of the Union Public Service Commission is appointed by The President
II. Discuss in group and answer the following questions.
8. Name the two Houses of the Parliament.
 The Upper House is called Rajya Sabha and the Lower House is called Lok Sabha.
9. Explain the composition of the Rajya Sabha.
 The number of seats in the Rajya Sabha is 250, of which 238 members are elected by the
members of the State Assemblies and Union Territories.
 The remaining 12 members, who are experts from various fields like literature, art, science
and social work are nominated by the President.
 This House is also known as the House of Elders.
10. What are the qualifications needed to become a member of the Lok Sabha?
 Should be a citizen of India.
 Must not be less than 25 years of age.
 Should not hold any office of profit under the Government.
 Should not have been punished under law.
 Should not be bankrupt.
 Should not be a person of unsound mind.
 Should possess qualifications as specified by Parliament from time to time.
11. Explain the election process for the post of President.
 Articles 54 and 55 of the Constitution stipulate the way the President should be elected.
 The President is elected by an electoral college of elected members of both Houses of
Parliament, all elected members of the legislative assemblies of all States, New Delhi and
Pondicherry.
12. List out the powers and functions of the Prime Minister.
 The Prime Minister recommends to the President the appointment of Ministers to the
Council of Ministers.
 He also allocates the various portfolios among the Ministers.
 His decision is final in the allocation of portfolios.
 He can remove controversial ministers and those who have been accused of wrong-doing
 He is the Head of Government
 He is Head of Union Cabinet
 He has the Power to advice to dissolve the Loka Sabha.

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13. Explain the composition of the Union Cabinet and its responsibilities.
 According to the 91st amendment act of the constitution, the size of the union cabinet
cannot exceed 15% of the total number of Lok Sabha members including the prime
minister.
 This cabinet has two types of responsibilities.
 Each minister is personally responsible for the progress, success and failure of his portfolio
and the council of ministers is collectively responsible to parliament (Lok Sabha) for its
administration, policy, discussion and programmes.
 Therefore, the council of ministers continues in power until the confidence of the
parliament.
 The Lok Sabha can remove the council of ministers from power by passing a no-confidence
motion.

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CHAPTER – 7
THE STATE GOVERNMENT
I. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.
1. The Union of India comprises 28 States and 8 Union Territories.
2. The Karnataka Legislative Council comprises 75 members.
3. The State Cabinet, comprising the Chief Minister and the council of minister is the real
Executive.
4. The Governor is appointed by the President
II. Answer the following questions with group discussion.
5. Explain the structure of the Legislative Assembly.
 Vidhana Sabha is the lower house of state legislature.
 The strength of the Vidhana Sabha depends on the population of the State.
 The maximum number of seats of any Vidhana Sabha should not exceed 500 or be below 60.
 However, the number of seats in small States is less. Example : Sikkim legislative assembly
consist of 32 members.
 Karnataka legislative assembly at present consist of 224 elected members.
 224 members are directly elected by the people.
6. Which fields are represented by the members of the Legislative Council?
 The members of Legislative Council represent 5 fields.
 Some are elected from among the Members of the Legislative Assembly, Local Bodies,
Graduate’s Constituencies, Teacher’s Constituencies.
 The Governor nominates some Members considering services rendered in the fields of art,
science literature, education, social service and co-operative movement.
7. What are the qualifications, and the term of office of the Governor.
 Should be a citizen of India.
 Should have completed 35 years of Age.
 Should not hold any office of profit under the Government.
 Should not be a Member of either Parliament or State Legislature.

14
 If he is a member of either, parliament or state legislature, he should resign from that post
when he is appointed as the Governor.
 The term of office of the Governor is 5 years.
8. Write a short note on the powers and functions of Chief Minister.
 He Recommends to the Governor for the formation of the Cabinet.
 He Recommends to the Governor to allocate Portfolios to the Ministers and to change the
portfolios allotted to the Ministers.
 He can recommend to the Governor to remove those Ministers who are not loyal to the
Government.
 As Head of Government, he plays a very important role in formulation of policies.
 As Head of the Cabinet, he can summon or postpone its meetings.
 He has the power to co-ordinate and supervises the working of all Departments.
 He has the power to recommend the governor to dissolve the Legislative Assembly before
expiry of its term.
 He acts as the link between the Governor and the Council of Ministers.
 He acts as an adviser to the Governor and recommends to the Governor regarding
appointment of various posts.

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CHAPTER – 8
THE JUDICIARY
I. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.
1. The Supreme Court came into existence on January 28, 1950
2. The number of writs that can be issued under Article 32 of the constitution is Five
3. Criminal courts came into existence on 1st April, 1974
4. The lowest Revenue court is the Tahsildar Court
II. Answer the following questions.
5. How are the judges of the Supreme Court appointed and What are their qualifications?
 The President appoints the Chief Justice and the other judges of the Supreme Court.
 At present, there are 34 judges including the Chief Justice.
The qualifications of a Supreme Court judge:
 Should be a citizen of India.
 Should have served as a High Court Judge for at least 5 years,
 or should have been an advocate of the High Court for at least 10 years.
 Should be a distinguished jurist. In the view of the president of India.
6. What are the functions of the High Court?
 Original jurisdiction to settle disputes relating to matrimonial relations, death certificate
and contempt of court.
 Appellate jurisdiction to entertain and dispose of appeals against judgments passed by
subordinate courts.
 It has the power to supervise cases in subordinate courts falling within the jurisdiction of
the High court, to direct them to observe certain rules and to collect all records.

15
 Apart from these, it handles recruitment and control of staff, protection of fundamental
rights, receiving various writ petitions and providing justice.
7. Which are the subordinate courts under the Civil Courts?
 Court of Subordinate Judges
 2. Court of Additional Subordinate Judges
 3. Court of Munsiff
 4. Court of Additional Munsiffs
8. What was the purpose of establishing Lok Adalats? When did they come into
existence?
 In India, the legal procedure is time-consuming and expensive.
 As an alternative, the Government has set up other forms of legal institutions which
function faster and are less expensive.
 These institutions came into existence in 1985. One of them is Lok Adalat.
 It takes up cases from parties which mutually agree to settle the cases amicably.

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SOCIOLOGY
CHAPTER – 9
FAMILY
I. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.
1. The living cell of the society is Family.
2. When the father is the head of the family, that family is called Patriarchal family.
3. Matriarchal family is seen among the Nairs of Malabar in Kerala.
II. Answer the following questions.
4. The family is a unit of society. How?
 Family is a unit of society. It is like a living cell.
 The community develops from a family, leading to the creation of a nation.
5. Name the different kinds of families.
 Modern nuclear family
 Joint or Undivided family
 Patriarchal family
 Matriarchal family
6. What do you mean by ‘Undivided Family’?
 A family consisting of father-mother, children and grandchildren is called a Joint or
Undivided family (minimum 3 to 4 generations).
7. What is meant by ‘Nuclear Family’?
 Family consisting of parents and children. This is called Nuclear or Divided family
(minimum two generations)
8. What are the features of a family?
 Family is universal, it is a social system seen in all times and all countries. ‘It is the core of
society’.
 It is from the family that neighbourhoods, villages, cities and nations have evolved.

16
 Right from their childhood, the members of the family not only realise their social
responsibilities but also understand co-operation.
 The social traditions, morality and behaviour are all controlled by the family.
 Thus, the family is called a universal, permanent and traditional structure.
9. Mention the role of childhood and youth in the social developmental stages of an
individual.
 Childhood and youth occupy an important place in the social development of an individual.
 Not only does the child learn the mother tongue but also the fundamental social tenets.
 A child growing in a familial and social atmosphere develops related characteristics and
gains friendly relations with other children of the same age.
 By mingling with others, the child develops leadership qualities, social behaviour, his/her
requirements and restrictions that influences a child resulting in the formation of healthy
social relationships.
 Later in youth, it leads to friendship, independence, security and social acceptance.
 The behaviour and habits developed in the youth continue in the adult and old ages.
10. Explain the features of an undivided family.
 The size of the family is big.
 All the members of the family are owners of the property
 All the members of the family normally live under the same roof
 The members of an undivided family usually prepare the food in the same kitchen and
consume it together.
 Normally all the members of an undivided family follow the same religion.
 An undivided family is mostly self-dependent.
 The oldest member of the undivided family has the authority to take decisions
11. What are the reasons for the increase in the number of divided families?
 Privacy  Urbanisation
 Personal happiness  Principles of democracy and
 Self-contentment equality,
 Property rights  Decline of religious faith and
 Changing social values thinking
 Geographical and social structure  Spread of materialistic attitude,
 Advances in science and technology  Freedom of women
 Industrialisation

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17
 GEOGRAPHY
CHAPTER - 10
OUR STATE KARNATAKA - PHYSIOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS
I. Fill in the blanks with suitable words:
1. We celebrate Kannada Rajyotsava on 1st November
2. The year in which the State was named as Karnataka is 1973
3. The State to the east of Karnataka is Andhra Pradesh
4. The largest district in Karnataka is Belagavi
5. Karnataka is in the Southern part of India.
6. St. Mary’s Island is located near Malpe.
7. The Western Ghats of Karnataka are known as the Sahyadri Hills.
8. Agumbe Ghat links Shivamogga and Udupi
9. Kodagu district is known as the Kashmir of Karnataka.
II. Answer the following questions in brief:
10. Give the latitudinal and longitudinal extent of Karnataka.
 Karnataka extends from 110-31I North to 180-45I North latitude
 and 740-12I East to 780-40I East longitude.
11. Name our neighbouring states.
 Maharashtra
 Andhra Pradesh
 Telangana
 Tamil Nadu
 Kerala
 Goa
12. Which are the four administrative divisions of Karnataka?
 Bengaluru  Belagavi
 Mysuru  Kalaburagi
13. Explain the geographical location of Karnataka in India.
 Karnataka is one of the 28 States of India. It is situated in the Southern part of India, in the
Western Central area of the peninsular region.
14. Mention the important physical divisions of Karnataka.
 The Coastal plain
 The Malnad
 The Maidan.
15. Write a note on the relief features of Malnad region.
 Malnad runs parallel to the coastline from north to south.
 They have steep terrace like slopes in the west and gentle slope to the east. Hence, they are
called Ghats.
 They are 650 kms in length and 50-76 kms in width. The height ranges from 900 to 1500
meters from sea level.
 These hills obstruct the rain-bearing winds from the Arabian Sea and cause heavy rains
often more than 200 cms.

18
16. Give an account on the coastal plains of Karnataka.
 As a result of the reorganization of states on linguistic basis, Karnataka acquired sea coast
and coastal plains as part of its territory.
 This physical division lies between the Arabian Sea and the Malnad region.
 The coastline extends to 320 kms from Mangalore in the south to Karwar in the north.
 Its width varies from 12 to 64 kms. It is broad in the south and becoming narrow (with
steep slopes) towards the north.
 Its height is more than 200 meters above sea level.
 It is called the ‘Canara or the Karnataka Coastline’.
17. Name the main hills of Southern maidan.
 Chitradurga hills, Narayana Durga, Savana Durga and Shiva Ganga in Bengaluru rural
district
 Madhugiri hill in Tumakur district is the biggest ‘monolith hill’ in Asia,
 Nandi hills, Chennakeshava hill and Skanda Giri hill (Harihareswara hill) in Chikkaballapur
district
 Adichunchanagiri hills in Mandya district
 Biligirirangana hill, Malemadeswara hill, Himavad Gopala swamy hills in Chamarajanagar
district
 Chamundi hill in Mysuru district
18. Mention the mountain passes in the Western Ghats.
 Charmadi Ghat - It links Mangaluru and Chikkamagaluru.
 Shiradi Ghat - It links Hassan - Sakleshpur and Mangaluru.
 Agumbe Ghat - It links Shivamogga and Udupi.
 Hulikal Ghat - It links Shivamogga and Kundapur

III. Match the following:

A B
i. Jog falls a. Mangaluru
ii. Om beach b. Northern maidan
iii. Nandi hill station c. Sharavathi river
iv. Monolith hill d. Gokarna
v. Land of sunshine e. Chikkaballapur
g. Madhugiri hills

Answer: i-c, ii-d, iii-e, iv-g, v-b

19
 CHAPTER – 11
NATURAL DIVERSITY OF KARNATAKA
I. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.
1. The months of March and May form summer season.
2. The season with heavy rainfall is the rainy season
3. Extensively soil found in North Karnataka is Black Soil
4. The area that has evergreen forests is the Western Ghats
5. The district that has large forest area in Karnataka is Uttara Kannada
II. Answer the following questions in brief.
6. Name the four seasons of Karnataka.
 The summer season (March to May)
 The rainy season (June to September)
 The period of Retreating Monsoons (October – November)
 The winter season (December – February
7. Write a note on the rainy season in Karnataka.
 The Rainy Season is also known as the season of South- West Monsoon winds.
 The Western Ghats check the moisture-laden winds blowing from the Arabian Sea, resulting
in heavy rain.
 During this season, in the entire state the temperature is very high.
 As a result, the relative humidity is very high.
 There is cloudy atmosphere throughout.
 During this season, Karnataka receives about 80% of its rainfall
8. Mention the types of soils in Karnataka.
 Red soil
 Black soil
 Laterite soil
 Coastal Alluvial soil.
9. Name the types of natural vegetation of Karnataka.
 Evergreen forests
 Deciduous forests
 Mixed Forests and
 Grasslands and Shrubs
10. Why is Karnataka known as ‘the Land of Sandalwood’?
 Sandalwood is a special tree grown in forests of Karnataka.
 Perfume, objects with intricate carvings soap and medicines are manufactured from
sandalwood.
 They are popular all over the world, and hence are not only supplied to other parts of the
country but also exported to foreign countries.
 This is the reason Karnataka is known as ‘the Land of Sandalwood’.

20
11. Name the wild animals in Karnataka forests.
 Tigers  stag
 Elephants  deer
 Leopards  bear,
 boar,  porcupine
 bison
III. Match the following.
A B
i. Adichunchanagiri a) Bird Sanctuary
ii. Mandagadde b) National Forest
iii. Nagarahole c) Deciduous Forest
iv. Sandalwood tree d) Peacock Sanctuary
e) Red soil
Answer: i-d, ii-a, iii-b, iv-c

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CHAPTER - 12
WATER RESOURCES OF KARNATAKA
I. Fill in the blanks with suitable words
1. The Cauvery River takes its birth at Talacauvery of Kodagu district.
2. The famous Jog Falls is produced by the Sharavathi river.
3. The District in Karnataka with maximum Canal irrigation is Raichur
4. The first hydro-electric power generating station in Karnataka is Shivanasamudra
5. The Alamatti dam has been constructed across Krishna River.
II. Answer the following questions in brief.
6. Name the important rivers of Karnataka.
 The Krishna  Kali
 The Cauvery  Gangavali (Bedti)
 The Pennar  Netravathi
 The Palar rivers  Varahi
 The Sharavathi,  Aghanashini
7. Write a short note on river Krishna.
 The Krishna is the second important river of South India.
 It takes birth at Mahabaleshwar and flows 1,392 kms eastwards to join the Bay of Bengal.
 But it flows for only 480 km through Karnataka.
 The Bhima, Koyna, Tungabhadra, Ghataprabha and Malaprabha are its tributaries.
 Irrigation and hydroelectric power generation from the Krishna River system have
benefited in Northern Karnataka.
8. What are the tributaries of Cauvery River.
 Hemavathi,  Shimsha
 Harangi  Lakshmana tirtha, Kapila,
 Loka Pavani  Suvarnavati
 Arkavathi  Bhavani

21
9. Name the different sources of irrigation in Karnataka.
 The main sources of irrigation are
 wells,
 canals
 tanks.
10. Mention the main hydro-electric power stations of our state.
 Shivanasamudra, Shimsha (on Cauvery River)
 Sharavathi, Linganamakki, Gerusoppa and Mahatma Gandhi hydro power station (on
Sharavathi river)
 Supa, Nagajhari, Kadra and Kodasalli (on Kali River)
 Varahi (on Varahi River)
 Marikanive (on Vedavathi River),
 Bhadra (on Bhadra river)
 Tungabhadra (on Tungabhadra River),
 Ghataprabha (on Ghataprabha river)
 Alamatti (on Krishna River).
III. Match the following:
A B
i. Linganamakki dam a. Ghata Prabha River
ii. Gaganachukki, Bharachukki b. Bedthi River
iii. Vani Vilas Sagar c. Kali River
iv. Gokak falls d. Cauvery River
v. Magodu falls e. Sharavathi River
f. Marikanive
Answer: i-e, ii-d, iii-f, iv-a, v-b

****************
CHAPTER – 13
LAND RESOURCES OF KARNATAKA
I. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.
1. Utilising land for different purposes is called land utilization
2. Kalburgi district has the largest net area sown.
3. The Belagavi district is the largest producer of sugarcane in Karnataka.
4. Tobacco contains an intoxicating substance called nicotine
II. Answer the following questions in brief.
5. Name the different types of land utilization in Karnataka.
 Net area sown
 Forest area
 Land not available for cultivation
 Other uncultivated land
 Fallow land

22
6. Write a note on the importance of agriculture in Karnataka.
 Agriculture is one of the ancient, primary occupations of Karnataka.
 It is the main source of livelihood for many.
 It is the backbone of our state’s economy.
 Economic progress depends on agriculture.
 Agriculture provides employment to people.
 It also provides food for the people and raw materials to industries.
 It is a source of revenue to the state and to earn foreign exchange.
 Coffee, silk, spices, tobacco, cotton etc are the agricultural products which are exported.
 Agriculture helps in the development of tertiary occupations like transport, banking,
insurance etc.
 It plays an important role in the political and social systems of the state.
7. What is meant by ‘irrigation’? Name the main crops grown under irrigation.
 Crops grown by using water from canals, tanks or wells is called ‘irrigation’.
 Paddy and sugarcane are the main crops grown under this farming.
8. Explain the main characteristics of ‘mixed farming’?
 In addition to growing crops, dairy farming, silkworm rearing, sheep rearing, poultry, bee-
keeping, fishery etc. are taken up and it is called mixed farming.
9. Write a note on Maize.
 Globally maize is considered as the “Queen of Grains” is the food of South Karnataka.
 Maize which is grown in plenty in south Karnataka is predominantly used as food for the
human beings and fodder for the animals.

III. Match the following.

A B
i. Coffee a. Vijayapura
ii. Cotton b. Tumakur
iii. Paddy c. Belagavi
iv. Ragi d. Raichur
v. Jowar e. Haveri
f. Kodagu
Answer: i-f, ii-e, iii-d, iv-b, v- a
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23
 ECONOMICS
CHAPTER - 14
ECONOMIC STRUCTURE
I. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.
1) Positive change relates to economic activities.
2) In the ancient economies, Agriculture was the main one.
3) There are two sectors in a simple economy.
4) ‘Static economics’ has been derived from the word ‘statike’.
5) Industrial Revolution first took place in Britain
II. Answer the following after discussing them in groups:
6) What is economic structure?
 Economic activities are classified into agricultural, industrial and service sector activities.
 The nature of production and employment in these three sectors of the economic system, the
level of income, use of technology and the changes that take place in lifestyles are called the
economic structure.
7) Mention the feature of ancient economics systems.
 Indian economy is by tradition an agrarian economy.
 Majority of the population are engaged in cultivation.
 It was subsistence farming.
 The farmers grew just what was necessary and required for them.
 The wants of the people were few and their life was simple.
 Barter system was in practice.
8) How did the capitalist class emerge?
 The Industrial Revolution that started in Britain during the 17th and 18th Centuries
gradually spread to other countries.
 This revolution led to the rise of a new class in society called as the capitalist class.
 The feudal lords who owned lands, came forward to invest their money in industries, and
thus came to be known as investors.
9) What are the sources of Income?
 In a simple economy, the income comes from two sources.
 They are: 1) the household sector and 2) the firms sector.

24
10) What are the sources of Employment?
 Agriculture
 Industry
 Service sector
11) Explain the difference between static and dynamic economics.
Static Economic Dynamic Economic
 ‘Statike’ means ‘stand still.’  The word ‘dynamic’ has been derived
 In economics, it refers to a situation from the Greek word ‘dynamikos’.
which witnesses absolutely no  It refers to drastic changes or
changes. continuous change.
 Static economy is a timeless economy  Dynamic economics is the study of
where there are no changes at all. the variations that take place in an
economy.

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CHAPTER - 15
SECTORS OF INDIAN ECONOMY
I. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.
1) Main occupation of India is Agriculture
2) Health and Education come under service sector.
3) The total Geographical land of Karnataka is 191,791 Sq Kms
4) SBM was established by Sir M Vishweswaraiah in 1913.
5) Manufacturing activities belong to Secondary sector.
6) The coastline area of Karnataka is 320 km
7) To expand higher education Karnataka government has established Karnataka knowledge
commission.
8) New Economic Policy was introduced in 1991
II. Answer the following questions with group discussion.
9) Define primary sector.
 The primary sector includes agriculture and its allied activities like Sericulture,
Horticulture, Animal husbandry, Poultry, Fishery, Floriculture etc.

25
 10) State the different sectors of Indian economy.
 Primary sector
 Secondary sector
 Tertiary sector
11) Explain the importance of Industrial sector.
 It brings higher income to the nation.
 It provides employment to the people.
 Standard of living of the people will be increased.
 It helps to modernise the agriculture as it provides tractors, machineries, fertilisers etc.
 Reduces the pressure of population on agriculture.
 Many will migrate to cities & towns.
 It helps to earn more foreign exchange.
 Industrial regions also develop as centres of trade, education, transport, Banking etc.
12) Which places of India are called as cradle of Banking?
 Dakshina Kannada and Udupi are called as the Cradles of banking industry.
13) What is Education according to Gandhiji?
 According to Gandhiji ‘Education brings all round development in personality of the child’.
14) State the group of Industries.
 National Aerospace Laboratories (NAL)  Bharat Earth Movers Limited (BEML)
 Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL)  Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL)
 Indian Telephone Industries (ITI)  Hindustan Machine Tools (HMT)
15) List the important irrigation projects of Karnataka.
 Ghataprabha  Tungabhadra
 Malaprabha,  Hemavathi
 Narayanapura  Harangi,
 Alamatti dam
 Krishnaraja Sagar
16) What is Health according to W.H.O.?
 According to World Health Organization- Health refers to “the person, who is free from
physical, mental, social and intellectual disorders”.

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26
 BUSINESS STUDIES
CHAPTER – 16
MANAGEMENT OF BUSINESS
I. Answer the following questions in a sentence.
1. What is management?
 Generally, the term management refers to the principles of managing the activities of an
enterprise.
 It is also used to refer to a field of learning or a branch of knowledge.
2. What do you mean by decision making?
 Decision making is the mental process, of selecting a course of action among several
activities.
3. What is individual decision and what is collective decision?
 In small business organisations like sole trading concerns, it is the individual who takes the
decision. They are called individual decisions.
 Decision making by a group of people as in the case of Partnership firms and Board of
Directors as in the case of Joint Stock Companies or Co-operative Societies are called Group
decisions.
4. What is the principle of authority and responsibility in principles of management.
 This principle refers to the authority and responsibility, which are the combination of
official authority and personal responsibility. Both are compounded with intelligence,
experience, past experience, moral worth etc.
II. Answer each of the following questions in about four to five sentences.
5. What are the principles of management suggested by Henry Fayol?
 Division of work  Remuneration of Personnel
 Authority and responsibility  Centralisation
 Discipline  Scalar chain
 Unity of command  Order
 Unity of direction  Equity
 Sub-ordination of Individual interest  Stability of security to personnel
to General interest  Initiative

27
6. What are the functional areas of management?
 Planning
 Organising
 Staffing
 Directing
 Co-ordinating (6) Controlling
7. Write about the authority and responsibility, scalar chain and centralization in
principles of management.
 This principle refers to the authority and responsibility, which are the combination of official
authority and personal responsibility. Both are compounded with intelligence, experience,
past experience, moral worth etc.
 Scalar chine principle means that every enterprise should have graded authority or
superior-subordinate relationship. The range of authority and responsibility of superiors in
relation to the subordinates at various levels should be clearly defined.
 Centralisation principle refers to the extent to which authority is concentrated, so that it
gives the overall yields.
8. What is the need for decision making in management of business?
 Each business organisation has its own goals and objectives.
 In order to achieve these objectives and goals the business organisation has to take
decision.
 There are number of choices available even in a small matter.
 Suppose a businessman has to transport goods, he has to take a decision about the mode of
transportation – whether to send the goods through a truck, tempo, train or by air.
 He has to choose one among the several alternatives and that alternative should be best
suited and economical.
 It is based on the decision which the businessman has taken.
 Thus, the decision making plays a very significant role in the business.
9. What are the important elements of decision making?
 Time factor  Firmness
 Experience  boldness
 Wise decision (wisdom)  Clarity

28
10. What factors are to be kept in mind, while taking a decision?
 Analysing the problem.
 Planning of course of action.
 Maintaining courage and patience.
 Farsightedness.
 Ability to take quick and wise decision
11. What do you mean by planning and organisation in functional areas of management?
 1. Planning: It is one of the important functional areas of management. It involves the future
course of operation for a given period. The process of planning includes determination of
organizational objective and formulation of plans, policies, strategies, programmes,
procedures and schedules.
 2. Organising: It is the process of bringing together the man power and material resources.
Some of the material resources are machines and materials. Putting the material resources
and man power together into working order to achieve the objectives is the main purpose of
the organizing area of managerial function.
13. What are the main objectives of controlling areas?
 a) to create an atmosphere of order and discipline in the organization to ensure proper co-
ordination of activities.
 b) to ensure confirmation of actual performance with the pre-determined plans
14. “Directing and co-ordinations are very important functions in business
management”. How?
 Directing: It is the area of functional management where instructing, guiding, supervising
and leading the people of an organization towards accomplishment of the organizational
goals.
 Co-ordination: It is the harmonious blending of the activities of the different departments
for the achievement of the desired goals.

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29
 Content
Part -2
Chapter No Chapters Page No
History
17 THE AHOM DYNASTY, THE MOGHULS AND THE MARATHAS 31

18 BHAKTI PANTHA 33

19 EUROPE: MEDIEVAL AND MODERN 35

20 REVOLUTION AND RISE OF NATION STATES 37

Political Science
21 THE ELECTION SYSTEM 38

22 DEFENCE OF THE NATION 40

23 NATIONAL INTEGRATION 42

24 AN INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF INTERNATIONAL 43

RELATIONS
Sociology
25 SOCIALISATION AND FAMILY RELATIONSHIP 44

26 COMMUNITY 45

Geography
27 MINERAL RESOURCES OF KARNATAKA 46

28 TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN KARNATAKA 47

29 INDUSTRIES OF KARNATAKA 49

30 MAJOR TOURIST CENTRES OF KARNATAKA 50

Economics
31 MONEY AND CREDIT 52

32 LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT 53

Business Studies
33 MARKETING MANAGEMENT 55

30
 CHAPTER – 17
THE AHOM DYNASTY, THE MUGHALS AND THE MARATHAS
I. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.
1. The founder of Ahom dynasty Sukapha
2. The founder of the Mughal dynasty was Babar
3. The most famous emperor among the Mughals was Akbar
4. The king who built the Taj Mahal at Agra was Shahjahan
5. The Mughal emperor who established the new religion Din-e-Ilahi was Akbar
6. Shivaji’s mother was Jijabai
II. Answer the following questions by discussing with your group.
7. Write briefly important achievements of Ahom dynasty.
 Ahom dynasty was founded by Sukapha in 1228.
 Their initial capital was Cheroydoy.
 The successfully repelled invasions by the Khaljis, the Lodhis and the Bengal sultans.
 In the battle at Alboi, Ahoms displayed great courage, by defeating the Mughals
 In 1682, under the rule of Gadhadhara Singha, the last battle took place between the Ahoms
and the Mughals.
 Gadhadhara Singha reclaimed lost territories, expelled the Mughal army from the
Brahmaputra valley.
 He extended the Ahom kingdom to the Manasa River meanwhile he conquered Kamarupa
and added to the kingdom.
8. Describe the military achievements of Babar.
 He defeated the Delhi sultan Ibrahim Lodhi in the battle of Panipat in 1526 and established
the Mughal dynasty in India.
 This battle is known as the first battle of Panipat.
 Delhi was his capital.
 Over a period of four years, he defeated Rana Sangram Singh of Mewad, the Rajput king
Medini Raya of Chanderi and Ibrahim Lodhi’s brother, Mohammad Lodhi.
 Babur conquered Panipat, Goghra and Kanwa.
 He established Mughal rule over a large area in North India.

31
9. Compare and contrast the present-day administrative system with that of Sher Shah.
 Sher Shah’s was the head of the administrative system.
 He had an efficient cabinet ministry; he had complete control over Civil and Military
administration.
 There were 25,000 infantry, 1,50,000 cavalry and 500 elephants in his army.
 The cavalry was very strong.
 The army was divided into various troops and Commandants had been appointed to
supervise them.
 Sher Shah himself paid attention to the organization of the army, arms and ammunition and
the discipline of
10. What are the areas won by Akbar?
 Akbar conquered Malwa, Jaipur, Godawan, Chittor, Ranthambhore, Kalinjar, Gujarat and
Bengal.
11. Describe the contributions of Shahjahan to art and architecture.
 He constructed the famous, immensely valuable ruby-studded Peacock throne.
 Shahjahan constructed the famous ‘Taj Mahal’ in Agra in memory of his beloved wife,
Mumtaz.
 The Red Fort at Delhi and the buildings in it are the contributions of Shahjahan.
 Hence, his period is referred as the ‘Golden Age of Mughal Art and Architecture’.
12. Describe Shivaji’s system of administration.
 Shivaji had organized an efficient administrative system in his vast kingdom.
 He had divided his kingdom into many provinces.
 They were called Swaraj and Mughal areas.
 Marathi was the language of administration.
 There were ministers known as Asthapradhans in the central government to assist the king.
 In addition to them, there were other officials. Province, district and village were the
administrative units.
13. Explain the achievements of Bajirao I.
 After the death of Balaji Vishwanath, his eldest son, Baji Rao I, got appointed as Peshwa.
 Although he was only 19 years old, he was an unparalleled warrior.
 With the intention of expanding the Maratha kingdom in North India, he conquered Gujarat,
Malwa and gained the authority to collect Chauth and Sardeshmukhi taxes.

32
 He invaded Chitradurga and Srirangapattana of Karnataka.
 When Baji Rao declared war against the Mughals, Nizam-ul-Mulk, with the intention of
assisting the Mughals, tried to march towards Delhi.
 But he lost to the Marathas in a battle near Bhopal.
 Due to this, the vast stretch of land between the Narmada and Chambal rivers and 50 lakh
rupees came to Baji Rao as war compensation.
 In addition to this, he conquered Salcet and Basin from the Portuguese and Janjira from the
Siddhis.
 Pune became his administrative centre.
 At this juncture, the members of the Maratha union, Sindhia of Gwalior, Holkar of Indore,
Bhonsle of Nagpur and Gaikwad of Baroda decided together to become independent.
 Baji Rao I not only ruled with efficiency but also re-established the glory of the Maratha
empire.
 Hence, he was called Shivaji II.

CHAPTER – 18
BHAKTI PANTHA
I. Fill in the blanks with suitable words:
1. Bhakti means pure trust in God.
2. The famous follower of Ramanand was Kabir
3. Kabir’s followers are called Kabirpanthis
4. The collection of Chaitanya’s philosophical thoughts is called Chaitanya Charitamruta
5. The poetic work ‘Ramadhanya Charite’ was written by Kanaka Dasa
II. Answer the following questions by discussing with your group.
6. Who popularized worship of Rama and Sita? What are his services to society?
 Ramananda popularized worship of Rama and Sita.
 He was a follower of Ramanuja’s philosophy.
 He established a Vaishnava religious school based on love and devotion.
 He travelled to several places in North India.
 Varanasi was his headquarters.
 He condemned caste system and allowed people from every caste to join his sect.
7. Who are Sikhs? Which is their holy book?
 The followers of Guru Nanak are called as ‘Sikhs’.
 The holy book of Sikhs is ‘Guru Granth Sahib’.
8. The role of Srimantha Shankardeva is prominent in cultural and religious history of
Assam. How? Explain.

33
 The role of Srimantha Shankaradeva in the cultural and religious
 history of Assam is very important. (Srimantha does not mean the rich but Honorary Sri).
 His name is associated with bringing a newness in the culture and the music in India.
 The Bhakti movement started by him in Assam spread its influence over the other parts of
India.
 The movement started by him was rightly called Ekasarana Dharma or Vaishnava
movement.
 He says we must develop unstinted love for Krishna, sing songs on Him, and by listening to
it we acquire devotion to the Lord.
 He must have good feelings as the servant of God.
 Like other Vaishnavas this movement does not worship Radhe along with Krishna.
 Srimantha Shankaradeva started Sarniya system (a system of initiation into his movement).
 He waged against the inequality in the society.
 He associated with all people to bring in the movement.
 He says follow religious worship, have faith in Krishna.
9. Explain the concept of Bhakti by Purandaradasa.
 Purandaradasa apart from expressing the importance of devotion as per Vaishnava sect,
expressed his concern over false worship and philosophies of life.
 He criticized caste and creed-based discrimination.
 He rejected false Bhakthi and insisted on inner reflections.
 He declared without inner purity; external purity is of no use.
 He said ‘What is the use of cleaning the external filth without cleansing the internal filth’.
 He also said without faith, the mere dipping in a river is of no use.
 He said ‘One has to stay alive and emerge victorious’, ‘Human birth is great. Never spoil it,
oh fools’.
 Like this, he sowed the seeds of faith in human life and its worthiness and became the
beacon for a life of satisfaction.
 All his considerable knowledge has become the Upanishad of Purandaradasa and earned
the fame ‘‘Dasa means Purandaradasa’’.
10. What are the effects of the Bhakti movement?
 Reform of the Hindu practices and bringing about harmony between Hindus and Muslims
were the two main purposes of the Bhakti movement.
 The reformers were successful in removing many weaknesses in the Hindu society.
 The regional languages of India flourished since the reformers wrote in these languages.
 This enabled development of I culture.

34
 CHAPTER – 19
EUROPE: MEDIEVAL AND MODERN
I. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.
1. Renaissance means rebirth or reawakening
2. Petrarch is called the father of Renaissance.
3. Followers of Martin Luther are Protestants
4. The leader of the Counter Reformation movement was Ignatius Loyola
5. The Industrial Revolution started in England
II. Answer the following questions by discussing with your group.
6. What were the consequences of religious reformation?
 The solidarity of Christian religion received a severe blow.
 Christianity was divided into three sects: Catholic church, Orthodox church and Protestant
church.
 Many of the European kings got liberated from the hold of the Church and the Pope.
 Religious reformation led to rise of nationalism.
 The confiscated wealth of the Church was utilized for the economic development.
 Patriotic feelings became strong and the kings of Europe developed religious tolerance.
 Due to this movement, the literary field saw progress. Local
 languages influenced the European minds.
 The Catholic church itself underwent reformation and this came to be known as “Counter
Reformation”.
7. What were the reasons for geographical explorations?
 The Turks conquered the city of Constantinople in 1453.
 Spain and Portugal were ambitious in competing with Arabs in sea trade.
 Discovery of new countries opened the possibility of spreading Christianity
 European curiosity was roused by the adventurous nature of sea voyage towards eastern
countries.
 Mariner’s compass and astrolabe equipment were helpful to sailors.
 Charts and maps were available to sailors.
 Europeans believed that China was a fertile place to make profit.
8. Which are the water-colour paintings of Leonardo da Vinci?
 Supper
 Monalisa
9. Explain the development of literature in the period of Renaissance with an Example.
 A collection of 100 stories called ‘Decameron’ written in Italian by Bocacchio

35
 ‘Divine Comedy’ by Dante
 ‘Canterbury Tales’ by Chaucer of England
 Don Quixote by Cervantes of Spain
 Utopia written by Thomas More of England.
 William Shakespeare was an excellent poet and dramatist.
 He wrote numerous tragedies and comedies.
10. Describe the effects of Industrial Revolution.
 The innumerable changes in industries, demand for machines grew.
 Many changes took place in the economic and social fields too.
 New factories were established.
 The cost of production came down and essential products were available at a low price.
 Cottage industries could not compete with the giant factories and, thus, they collapsed.
 The rich became richer and the poor remained poor.
 People had to migrate from villages to towns.
 A capitalist class emerged in society. Hostilities developed
 between the owners and the workers, and class conflict began.
***********************

CHAPTER – 20
REVOLUTION AND RISE OF
NATION STATES
I. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.
1. The 13 colonies established by England on the Atlantic coast was called “New English
colonies
2. The representatives of the 13 colonies met in 1774 at Philadelphia
3. The first President of United States of America was George Washington
4. The writer of ‘Spirit of Laws’ was Rousseau
5. The party ‘Young Italy’ was formed by Joseph Mazini
6. The philosophy of ‘blood and steel’ was advocated by Bismarck

II. Answer the following questions.

7. Mention the reasons for American War of Independence.
 The rise of nationalism among the people of the colonies
 The desire for independence among the colonies
 The effects of the 7 years’ war
 The naval regulations

36
 Influence of writers like Thomas Paine, John Adams, Samuel Adams, John Edward Coke and
Benjamin Franklin
 The Quebec regulation
 The Townshend taxes
 The Boston tea party
8. Explain the significance of the American war of independence.
 The war acted as an inspiration for the French Revolution.
 Many of the French who fought assisting the colonial army became leaders of the French
revolution.
 Many of the Spanish and Portuguese colonies in America got inspired to become free and
hence, revolted against their motherland.
 The new nation called the United States of America was born.
9. How were economic factors responsible for the French revolution?
 France was an agriculture-dominated nation.
 In spite of advances in agricultural practices, the yield from land was very low.
 The farmers were the most affected.
 Famines were frequent.
 As a result, there used to be revolts and riots for food.
 Industries were under the control of trade unions.
 Due to internal strife and interference from authorities, the development of these unions
was sluggish.
 Hence the industrial productivity was low.
10. What was the role of Garibaldi in Italy’s unification?
 Garibaldi was a soldier and fighter.
 He joined the Young Italy army and assumed leadership of the revolution.
 After that he constituted an army called “Red Brigade” and with the help of Sardinia, fought
with Austria.
 In 1860, he fought against the twin states of Sicily using his Red Brigade.
 By conquering the same, he hastened the national integration and pressed for democratic
reforms
11. Who was the architect of unification of Germany? Write a note on him.
 The architect of the Unification of Germany was Otto-Von- Bismarck
 He was the chief minister of the king of Prussia, Williams I.
 Bismarck was aware that to resolve the situation, only ‘blood and steel’ philosophy would
work.
 Blood and steel philosophy meant war tactics.
 Towards this end, he built a powerful army.
 His next aim was to drive out Austria from German states association.
*****************

37
 POLITICAL SCIENCE
CHAPTER – 21
THE ELECTION SYSTEM
I. Fill up the blanks:
1. The Public Election Campaign comes to end before 48 hours to election day.
2. The recognition to political parties is accorded by Election Commission of India
3. The Independence of Journalism is protected by Press Council of India

II. Discussion in group and answer the following questions briefly:

4. Write a note on ‘Electoral Roll’.
 The voters list is the list which contains the names and certain other details of the voters.
 It is also called the Electoral Roll.
 The Electoral Roll is prepared by the Election Commission much before the elections.
 Electoral Roll is revised every year.
 At the time of revision, the names of those who have attained the age of 18 are included and
the names of the dead are deleted.
 The Electoral Roll helps the polling officials to identify the voters.
5. What are the steps in the election process?
 Election Notification
 Nomination of the Candidates
 Scrutiny of Nomination
 Withdrawal of Nomination papers
 Election Campaign
 Polling day
 Counting of votes
6. Advocate ‘as a bridge between political parties, people representatives, government
and people community’.
 Political parties are necessary in the democratic set up.
 Political parties are the link between representatives, government and the people.
 They play a major role in formulating policies for social and economic progress.
 Political parties become a training ground to develop leadership qualities.
7. Write a note on Coalition Governments.
 Many political parties participate in the elections to secure power.
 If they get the majority they form government. Many a time no party gets the required
majority to form the government.
 A government formed with the co-operation of different political parties is called ‘Coalition
Government’.

38
 The political parties of Coalition Government share power by joining Council of Ministers.
 At certain times they do not share power but support Coalition Government.
8. What are the national political parties currently existing in India?
 Currently there are six (6) National political parties in India.
 I
 National congress party (INC)
 Communist party of India (Marxist)
 (CPI-M)
 Bhartiya Janata Party (BJP)
 Bahujan samaj party (BSP),
 National people’s party (NPP)
 Aam Aadmi party (AAP)

CHAPTER – 22
DEFENCE OF THE NATION
I. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.
1. The Commander-in-Chief of our three-Armed Forces is President
2. The Chief of the Army is called General
3. The headquarters of the Defence Ministry is in New Delhi
4. The Hindustan Ship-building yard is at Vishakhapatnam
5. The Border Security Force training centre is in Yelahanka in Bengaluru
6. The I Red Cross Society established in 1920

II. Answer the following questions after group discussion.

7. What is the Naval Base near Karwar known as?

 Sea Bird
8. Which are the five divisions of our Defence Ministry?

 Ministry of Defence consist of five departments. They are:

 Department of Defence,
 Department of Defence production
 Department of Defence research and development
 Department of Ex. Service men welfare,
 Department of Military Affairs.
9. Explain the structure of the I Army?

 The Chief of the army is called General

39
 Lieutenant General, Major General, Brigadier etc work as assistants to him.
 The ground forces consist of infantry, cavalry, battle tanks and artillery.
 It also has a supply and engineering unit, administratively the I army is structured into
lower commands.
 Commands are divided into area, sub-area.
 A lieutenant general heads the command, a Major General heads the area and a Brigadier
heads the sub-area.
10. Which are the Commands of the Army?
 Northern command
 Southern command
 Eastern command
 Western command
 North western command
 Central command
 Training command
11. What are the I Air Force training centres?
 Airforce Academy
 Basic flying training school
 Airmen training school
 Airforce technical college
 College of Air warfare
12. What are the qualifications required for recruitment to the Army?
 Any citizen of the country, irrespective of his religion, caste, class or community can join the
military.
 However, there are certain conditions with regard to physical requirements, mental health,
general education and technical knowledge that have to be met.
13. What are the aims of N.C.C.? What are the facilities available to NCC cadet?
 Its aim is to develop among the students a sense of discipline, l e a d e r s h I p q u a l I t I e s ,
friendliness and service-mindedness.
 Special provisions for N.C.C. cadets to join defence forces.
 Certain seats are reserved for N.C.C cadets for professional colleges.
 Cadets are given training in handling weapons.
 During training, cadets go on adventures like
 Hiking Activity
 Trekking
 Gliding
 Scaling or mountaineering,
 sailing etc.

40
14. Write about the Chief of defence staff?
 The post of chief of the defence staff was created in 2019 to provide high quality advice to
the country’s political leadership and matters related to India’s military.
 The person appointed to this post will also be the principal military advisor to Defence
Minister.
 General Bipin Rawat was appointed was India’s first chief of defence staff.
********************

CHAPTER – 23
NATIONAL INTEGRATION
I. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.
1. Republic Day is one of the National festivals.
2. Number of languages recognised as official languages in our constitution is 22
3. Our National Animal is Tiger
4. Our National Bird is Peacock

II. Answer the following questions after group discussion.

5. What is meant by ‘Nationalism’?
 The feeling which is in the heart of nationalists is known as Nationalism.
6. What is ‘National Unity’?
 National integration refers to that situation where all the people of the country feel they are
one although there are differences with regard to race, religion, culture and language.
7. What are the factors that lead to unity in diversity?

 Geographical unity
 Political unity
 Religious unity
 Linguistic unity
 Cultural unity
8. What are the factors that promoting national integration?

 Secularism  Our National Symbols

 Democracy  Interdependence
 National Festivals

41
 CHAPTER – 24
An Introduction to the Study of International Relations
I. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.
1. The study of international relations is called international politics said by Hans J
Morgenthau
2. Woodrow Wilson Chair started at Wales University.
3. ____________ Used the term International Relations for the very first time.
II. Answer the following questions after group discussion.
4. What is the study of international relations?
 Literal meaning of international relations interrelation between nation and states.
5. When did the systematic study of international relations begin?
 In 1919
6. Who was the first chairman of the Woodrow Wilson Chair for the systematic study of
international relations, started at the University of Wales?
 Ekarth Jim
7. Explain the nature of International Relations?
 Nature of Change
 Interdisciplinary Content
 Nation-state is the primary unit
 National Interest and National powers are Fundamental Factors
 Struggle for power
 Interaction and feedback among nations
 Use of Empirical and Analytical Methods for Theory Formation
 Role of official and non-official institution
8. What is the importance of International Relations?
 Introduces the real nature of world politics
 Helps realize national interests
 Gives knowledge about the major challenges facing the world
 Awakens Universal Consciousness
 Upholds the Importance of Foreign Policy
 Help to know the importance of international organizations

*************

42
 SOCIOLOGY
CHAPTER – 25
SOCIALISATION AND FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS
I. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.
1. The process of evolution of man as a social being is called Socialization
2. Mother is the child’s first Teacher.
3. The tender minds of children blossom through Education.
II. Discuss in group and answer the following questions.
4. Explain the role of peers in socialisation.
 Peers, playmates and friends form a very important factor of socialisation.
 This relationship is based on co-operation and mutual adjustment.
 They are mostly of the same age.
 As a result, the child learns from its peers what it cannot learn from its parents and
teachers.
 This kind of knowledge is important from the view point of society.
5. What are the values a child learns in a family atmosphere?
 The child learns its first lesson in love, affection, trust, patience, kindness, co-operation and
other values at home.
6. What is the role of religion in socialisation?
 Religion also plays an important role in socialisation.
 Religion provides a foundation of ideals to social life.
 It preaches a life of morality.
 Children observe parents, elders and relatives visiting places of worship.
 They participate in poojas, festivals, fairs and other religious celebrations.
 They learn religious practices.
 Through these, they develop an interest in social service, charity etc. and enable social
welfare.
7. Write a paragraph on the importance of socialisation.
 It makes man a member of a group
 It enables development of the personality
 It inculcates discipline in life
 It provides opportunity for the learning and assimilation of various skills
 It helps to cultivate the right kind of ambitions
 It reduces the gap in society
 It provides opportunity for shaping a bright future
 It is helpful in perpetuation of culture
 It provides support to the social system.
8. Explain the role of the school in the process of socialisation.
 The school occupies an important place in the process of socialisation of the child.
 The child gets influenced by its teachers and friends in addition to the influence of
education.
 Through education, the child’s behaviour, knowledge, morality and attitude are shaped.

43
 The child’s innate abilities and talents get exposure.
 By expanding the horizon of life, education prepares the children for the future.
 The role of teachers is very significant in the social development of the child.
 At that age, they are more influenced by their teachers.
9. How do the mass media work as an agent of socialisation in the modern society?
 In today’s modern society, mass media play a vital role.
 Television, movies, newspapers, periodicals, dramas, radio and other media make use of
literature on a large scale.
 Advertisements, radio programmes, stories, poems, novels, dramas, dance, music, posters,
quotations from great men, proverbs and words of wisdom influence children.
 The mass media can be used effectively through the news reports, quiz programs,
introduction of great personalities, interviews, debates, travel reports and investigations.
 Programmes of educational importance have a direct bearing on the personality and good
 conduct of the child.
 The adolescent and the youth are moving away from values and culture.
****************

CHAPTER – 26
COMMUNITY
I. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.
1. Community means a group of people living in a specific area and leading a common, social
life.
2. The cornerstone of I society is Rural community.
3. The tribes of the eastern region belong to the Mongolian race.

II. Answer the following questions.

4. What is meant by a ‘city’?
 A city is the permanent settlement of people having high population density and variety of
social strata.
5. What does industrialisation suggest?
 The development of the manufacturing industry.
6. Explain the term ‘village’.
 A group of people leading a simple life in a limited land area is called a village.
7. How does anthropology define ‘tribe’?
 Anthropology defines a tribe thus: ‘a group usually restricted to a specific geographical area,
having its own language, cultural harmony and social organization’.

44
8. Explain the features of a city.
 Social diversity
 Anonymity
 Increased social movement
 Greater emphasis on individualism, materialistic comfort and privacy
 Development of associations and unions
 Families of small size
 Fast pace of social reforms
9. List out the features of a rural community.
 Small community  Influence of the neighbourhood
 Harmonious relationships  Simplicity
 Social unity  Increased religious involvement
 Informal system of control  Traditional opinions
 Prominence of undivided families  Wide-spread caste system
 Prominence of agriculture  Illiteracy, poverty etc.
 Influence of nature
10. What are the problems of rural communities?
 Agricultural problems
 Problems related to cottage industries
 Illiteracy, poverty and unemployment
 Lack of proper health facilities
 Lack of civic amenities
11. Identify the unique features of tribal communities.
 Common geographical area
 Group of family/cluster of families
 Inter-relatedness
 Common language
 Simplicity and self-contained nature
 Common religion
 Common culture
 Common name
 Sense of unity
 Illiteracy
12. How are the I tribes classified?
 I tribes have been geographically classified into three groups:
 Tribals of the North East region
 Tribals of the Central region
 The Southern tribes
 In addition to the above, the tribes living in Andaman and Nicobar Islands can be
considered the fourth group.

45
 GEOGRAPHY
CHAPTER – 27
MINERAL RESOURCES OF KARNATAKA
I. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.
1. Kudremukh in Karnataka is noted for Iron ore
2. The best-quality iron ore is magnetite
3. The leading producer of manganese in Karnataka is Sandur in Bellary district
4. The metal that is produced from bauxite ore is Aluminium
5. The deepest gold mine in KGF is Champion Reef

II. Answer the following questions in brief.

6. Why is Karnataka called the ‘Land of Gold’?

 Karnataka occupies the first position in the production of gold in India.

 It produces 80% of the total gold in India.
 Hence Karnataka is known as the ‘Land of Gold’.
7. Which are the important minerals available in Karnataka?

 Iron ore  Copper  Asbestos

 Gold,  Bauxite  Granite
 Manganese  Chromite
 Lime stone  Mica
8. Which is the Ore used as an alloy?
 Manganese
9. Name the places in Karnataka where iron ore is available.
 Iron ore is mainly distributed in the districts of Ballari, Chikkamagaluru, Bagalkot,
Chitradurga, Tumakuru, Shivamogga, Dakshina Kannada, Uttara Kannada and Gadag.
 Bellary – Sandur and Hosapete
 Chikkamagaluru – Kemmannugundi, Kudremukh, Gangamula, Kalhattagiri and Jenusuri
hillocks
 Hosadurga and Sasalu of Chitradurga district
 Ameengadh of Bagalkot district, Huliyara and Chikkanayakanahalli of Tumakuru district
 Kumsi, Shankar Gudda and Siddarahalli of Shivamogga
10. Which district is an important producer of bauxite?
 Belagavi

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11. Name the important gold mines of Karnataka.
 Nandidurg
 Urigaum
 Champion Reef
 Mysore Mine
 Hutti in Raichur district

III. Match the following.

A B
i. Manganese a. Aluminium
ii. Hatti b. I Aluminium Company
iii. Bauxite c. KGF
iv. Belagavi d. Karnataka’s Largest Gold mine
e. Most useful ore
Answer: i-e, ii-d, iii-a, iv-b

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CHAPTER – 28
TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN KARNATAKA
I. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.
1. Villages and towns are linked by Road transport.
2. The first Railway Line in Karnataka was established in the year 1864
3. The district with least number of district roads in Karnataka is Raichur
4. The port that is called the ‘Gateway of Karnataka’ is New Mangaluru Port
5. The West Coastal Railway is called Konkan Railways

II. Answer the following questions in brief.

6. Explain the importance of road transport.
 A large number of people live in rural areas in Karnataka So, road transport occupies a very
important role in linking the villages and towns.
 Roads can be constructed easily, at low cost.
 People and goods can be transported to every corner of the state.
 Development of roads determines the progress of the state’s agriculture, industry, mining
and commerce.

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7. Name the different types of roads in Karnataka.
 National highways
 State highways
 District roads
 Village roads
8. What are the advantages of air transport?
 Air transport is the fastest mode of transport.
 It helps to carry people, mail and lightweight goods to distant places in the shortest time.
 Air transport is of great help during natural calamities, wars and other emergencies.
9. Name the ports of Karnataka.
 The New Mangaluru
 Old Mangaluru Port
 Malpe
 Hangarakatte
 Kundapur
 Padubidri
 Bhatkal
 Honnawar
 Tadri
 Belekeri
 Karwar

III. Match the following.

A B
i. Golden Quadrilateral a. Mangaluru & Mumbai
ii. Sharavathi Bridge b. Bengaluru
iii. Nationalization of Air Transport c. NH-44
iv. Konkan Railway d. Airport
v. Namma Metro e. Konkan Railway
f. 1953
Answer: i-c, ii-e, iii-f, iv-a, v-b

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 CHAPTER – 29
INDUSTRIES OF KARNATAKA
I. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.
1. The first Iron and Steel Industry of Karnataka was established at Bhadravathi
2. The Manchester of Karnataka is Davanagere
3. West coast paper mills is at Dandeli
4. Cement industry is at Tondebavi.
5. Bengaluru city is called ‘Silicon Valley’.

II. Answer the following question in brief.

6. Name the iron and steel industries of Karnataka.
 Vishveswaraiah Iron and Steel Industry (VISL)
 Jindal Vijayanagar Steel Limited
7. Mention the distribution of cotton textile industries in Karnataka.
 Binny Mills and Minerva Mills of Bengaluru
 K.R. Mill of Mysuru
 Cotton Mill of Davanagere
8. What are the raw materials required for paper industries.
 Bamboo  Bagasse
 Wood pulp,  Cloth
 Grass  Rags
9. Mention the industrial zones of Karnataka.
 Bengaluru – Kolar – Tumakur Industrial region.
 Belagavi – Dharwad region.
 Dakshina Kannada and Udupi region.
 Ballari – Raichur – Koppal Industrial region.
 Mysuru – Mandya Industrial region.
10. Mention the reasons for centralization of information technology industry in
Bengaluru?
 Good climate
 Electricity supply
 Technical experts
 Financial assistance
 Vast market
 Infrastructure.

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III. Match the following.
A B
i. Bhadravathi a. Mysuru Sugar Company
ii. Torangal b. Industrialization or loss
iii. Sir. M. Vishveswaraiah c. Mysuru papermills Ltd.
iv. Mandya d. 1st Cotton textile industry of the state
e. Jindal Vijayanagar steel Ltd.
Answer: i-c, ii-e, iii-b, iv-a
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CHAPTER – 30
MAJOR TOURIST CENTRES OF KARNATAKA
I. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.
1. Nandi Hill Station is in Chikkaballapur district.
2. Abbe falls is near to Madikeri town.
3. Gokak waterfall is called Niagara of Karnataka.
4. Om beach is near Gokarna.
5. Mysuru city is called the ‘City of Palaces’.
II. Answer the following questions in brief.
6. What are the advantages of tourism?
 “See places, read books is a proverb.”
 People travel for curiosity, or religious celebrations, or peace of mind or relaxation, to see
picturesque places, seeking happiness or improving health.
 Tourism has become an inevitable part of the human life today.
 We gain knowledge about the place, culture, civilization and life style etc.
7. Name the sites included in the UNESCO’s world heritage sites list.
 Hampi
 Pattadakal
 The Western Ghats
 The Hoysala Temples of Beluru, Halebeedu and Somanathapura
8. Name the attractive places of Bengaluru.
 Vidhana Soudha
 Vikasa Soudha
 Udyog Soudha
 High Court

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  Nehru Planetorium
 Vishveswaraiah industrial and technological museum
 beautiful gardens like Lalbagh and Cubbon Park
9. Name the wildlife sanctuaries of Karnataka.
 Melukote  Jogi Matti
 Kaveri  Bheema Ghada
 Mookambika  Chincholi,
 Kappatagudda  Talakaveri
10. Name the important of water falls of Karnataka.
 Jog Falls
 ‘Gaganachukki’ and Bharachukki
 ‘Abbe falls
 Hebbe falls
 Kalhattagiri falls
 Unchalli Falls
 Gokak Falls
 Magod falls
11. What is the theme of Karnataka tourism department.
 “One state many worlds”

III. Match the following.

A B
i. Biligirirangana hills a. Rajeev Gandhi National Park
ii. Gandhi Bhavan b. Chamarajanagar district
iii. Nagara Hole c. St. Mary’s Island
iv. Mysuru d. Nandi Hills
v. Udupi e. Chamundi Hills
f. Peacock sanctuary
Answer: i-b, ii-d, iii-a, iv-e, v- c

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 ECONOMICS
CHAPTER - 31
MONEY AND CREDIT
I. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.
1) Indian rupee is derived from Sanskrit word Rupya
2) Cheque is an instrument of Bank Money
3) The banks which deal with foreign currency are called Exchange Banks
4) The Reserve Bank of India was established in the year 1935
5) The money of Japan is Yen
6) Government of India nationalized 12 commercial Banks in 1949

II. Answer the following questions.

7) What is Barter exchange system?
 A system which exchanged goods for goods without the use of money is called barter
system.
8) State the means of money.
 According to Robertson “Money is anything which is widely accepted in payment for goods
or in discharge of other business obligations”.
9) Which is the central bank of India?

 The Reserve Bank of India

10) Explain the functions of money.

 1) Primary functions
• Medium of exchange or means of payment
• Measure of Value
 2) Secondary functions
• Standard of deferred payments
• Store of value or store of purchasing power
• Transfer of value or transfer of purchasing power
 3) Contingent functions
• Basis of Credit
• Increase productivity of capital

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11) Mention the different types of banks
 Industrial Banks
 Exchange Banks
 Savings Banks
 Co-Operative Banks
 Land Mortgage Banks
12) Explain the functions of RBI.
 Monopoly of Note issue
 Acts as Banker to Government
 Bankers bank
 Acts as National Clearing House
 Acts as the controller of Credit
 Custodian of Foreign Exchange Reserves
 Publishes the Economic Statistics and Other Information
 Promotion of Banking Habits
 Facilities for Agriculture
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CHAPTER - 32
LABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT
I. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.
1) The famous book of Adam smith is The wealth of Nations
2) Abolition of bonded labour act was passed in the year 1976
3) When the marginal productivity of a labour is Zero is known as Disguised unemployment
4) Division of labour increases the efficiency of Labour
5) Abolition of child labour act was passed in the year 1986
II. Discuss in groups and answer the following.
6) What is meant by division of labour?
 Division of Labour we mean the allocation of different parts of the production process to
different workers or to different groups of workers.
7) What is meant by child labour?
 The children working below the age of 14 years to work is called child Labour.

8) Define unemployment.
 An unemployed is one who is willing to work at the prevailing market rate, but still does not
get the work

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9) Explain the advantages of division of labour.
 It increases efficiency of Labour
 It improves the quality of production
 It helps to get greater profit
 It minimizes the cost of goods
 Division of Labour at a longer period helps in research and innovation
10) List the disadvantages of division of labour.
 Monotony of work
 Lack of responsibility
 Increased dependence
 Unemployment
 Class conflict
11) State the meaning of productive and reproductive labour.
 Productive Labour is that which creates some utility or which has undergone for earning an
income.
 Reproductive Labour is the work at domestic place, at house.
12) What are the types of unemployment?
 Rural Unemployment
 Urban Unemployment
 Disguised Unemployment
 Seasonal Unemployment
 Industrial Unemployment
 Educated Unemployment
13) Identify the differences between disguised unemployment and seasonal
unemployment.
Disguised Unemployment Seasonal Unemployment
 It is a situation of unemployment with  Some occupations of agriculture and
surplus manpower than actual industries are seasonal in nature.
requirement and in which the marginal  They, offer employment for only a certain
productivity of some workers is zero. period of time in a year. People engaged in
 So even removal of them will not affect such a type of work or activities may
the volume of total production. remain unemployed during the off season
14) How is industrial unemployment is different from educational unemployment?
Industrial Unemployment Educational Unemployment
 If a person remains unemployed for a  The condition of educated people not
given period due to the changes in the having job though they are interested and
industrial sector it is called as Industrial capable of doing it.
Unemployment.
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 BUSINESS STUDIES
CHAPTER - 33
MARKETING MANAGEMENT
I. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.
1. The place where sellers and buyers meet to sell and buy the goods is generally called Market
2. The market that is generally restricted to a geographical region is called Regional market.
3. The markets that are regulated by statutory regulations is called Regulated Markets.
4. Storing of goods between the time of production and the time of sale is facilitated by ware
housing.
5. The activities that pursue customers to buy the products come under the scope of
Promotion mix.
6. The best example for the goods sold by the producers directly to the consumer is Bata Shoes

7. For all the brand registered products, on packages ® is indicated.

8. The assurance of the standard quality of product to consumers is assured by quality of

goods.

II. Answer each of the following questions in a sentence or two.

9. Mention the four types of markets classified under the basis of area.
 Local Market
 Regional market.
 National market
 International market
10. What are money markets? How are they different from capital markets?
Money Market Capital Market
 It is a specialized market for availing  It is a specialized market for availing
short term finance to business houses. long term finance to business houses,
 E.g.: Share market, Banking systems.  generally, through financial institutions
and stock exchanges.
 E.g.: Share Market.

11. What are producers markets what are consumers markets?

 Consumer market: In this type of market goods are purchased for personal consumption.
 Producers markets: In this type of markets goods are purchased for the use in the further
process of production.

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12. What is a spot market and how is it different from future market?
 Spot market: In this type of market goods are sold to the buyers on the spot where the
sellers agree to sell their products and buyers agree to buy them for consideration.
 Future market: In this type of market goods are transferred at a later date.
13. Mention any four types of non-traditional markets.

 Mail order houses

 Tele shopping
 Virtual stores
 Catalogue market
 Online marketing
14. What do you mean by Marketing mix?

 Formulation and implementing the methods of marketing is referred as ‘Marketing Mix’.

15. Why is consumer protection required?
 To safeguard the interests of consumers.
16. What is branding of goods?
 Branding is the act of fixing a symbol or some letter to a product to distinguish it from the
products of others.

III. Answer each of the following questions in about eight to ten sentences.
17. What are the functions of marketing? Explain any one function briefly?
 Buying and assembling.
 Selling.
 Transportation.
 Storage and warehousing.
 Market research.
 Standardization.
 Grading.
 Branding.
 Insurance.
 Buying and assembling: Buying in marketing implies buying of goods by the
manufacturers for use in production or buying of goods from middle men for resale. It is not
buying of goods by the consumers for consumption. Assembling is a function which starts
after buying is over.
18. What are the main elements of marketing mix? Explain any one of them?
 1) Product mix
 2) Price mix
 3) Promotion mix
 4) Place mix

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 1. Product Mix: It is a very important and vital element of the marketing mix. The producer
aims at producing quality products but emphasis is also given to the variety of the product,
design of the product, packaging, colour and other features under the product mix
19. What is the importance of marketing? How does marketing help in improvement of
standard of living?
 Standard of living
 Consumer satisfaction
 Employment opportunity
 Resources
 International Marketing
 Economic development
 Availability and consumption of various types of products and services increase the
standard of living of the people.
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