UNIT-I: Cloud Computing Fundamentals (Theory Notes)
1. Introduction to Cloud Computing
Cloud computing is the delivery of computing services—such as servers, storage, databases,
networking, software—over the internet ("the cloud"). It allows flexible resources and innovation at
low cost.
2. Characteristics of Cloud Computing
On-demand self-service
Broad network access
Resource pooling
Rapid elasticity
Measured service
3. Advantages of Cloud Computing
Cost-effective (pay-as-you-go)
Scalable and high performance
Better disaster recovery
Improved collaboration
Reduced IT maintenance
4. Cloud Deployment Models
Public Cloud: Open for all (e.g., AWS, Google Cloud)
Private Cloud: Dedicated to one organization
Hybrid Cloud: Mix of public and private
Community Cloud: Shared by similar organizations
5. Cloud Service Models
IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service): Provides virtual machines, storage (e.g., Amazon EC2)
PaaS (Platform as a Service): Offers development platforms (e.g., Google App Engine)
SaaS (Software as a Service): End-user applications over the internet (e.g., Gmail, MS Office
365)
6. Virtualization in Cloud
Virtualization allows multiple virtual systems to run on one physical hardware. It helps optimize
resource usage and is the backbone of cloud technology.
7. Cloud Architecture
Cloud systems include:
Front-end (client devices)
Back-end (servers, storage)
Cloud-based delivery (via APIs)
Network (internet connectivity)
8. Applications of Cloud Computing
Online file storage (Google Drive)
Data backup and recovery
Web/email hosting
Online collaboration tools (Google Docs)
9. Challenges in Cloud Computing
Data security and privacy
Downtime and internet dependence
Vendor lock-in
Limited control over infrastructure
10. Summary
Cloud computing transforms the way businesses operate by enabling fast, scalable, and reliable
services. Its models and types make it flexible for both large enterprises and small users.