“Your Kids Our Kids!” “ልጆችዎ ልጆቻችን ናቸው!

(+251(0)116-607203 +251(0)911-469878 *3628 www. admin@gmail.com et Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2024/25 Academic Year 1st Semester Geography Worksheet for Grade 12

I. Choose the correct answer from the given choices.

1. According Koppen System of Climate Classification the type of climate designated by “C” is
A. Tropical moist climate C. Tropical dry climates
B. Moist mid-latitude climates with mild winters D. Moist mid-latitude climates with severe winters
2. All of the following are characteristics of Dry desert (BWh) and steppe (BSh) climatic region, except
A. Consistent rainfall throughout the year C. strong wind velocity
B. low frequency and amount of precipitation D. high monthly and daily temperatures
3. According to Koppen`s climate classification, all of the following climatic kinds are
characterized by temperature, except
A. Tropical climate (A) C. Meso-thermal(C)
B. Polar Climate (E) D. Dry Climate (B)
4. The scheme of subdivisions in geological time scale is based upon various aspects. Except:
A. Widespread occurrences of strong tectonic activity
B. Population distribution and anthropogenic foot prints.
C. The appearance or disappearance of particular forms of life
D. Extensive changes in environmental and climatic condition
5. An extensive coal formation was took place during_____________.
A. Jurassic period C. Triassic period
B. Cretaceous period D. Carboniferous period
6. An agreement ratified by countries that adopt mandatory targets for reducing greenhouse gas
emissions in their territory is called______________.
A. Kyoto Protocol C. Marrakesh Accords
B. Bonn Agreements D. Rio agreement
7. The 1992 UNCED summit which set “Agenda 21” is described as____________
A. Earth‟s Summit C. Marrakesh Accords
B. Brundtland Report D. Bonn agreement
8. The operational aspects of natural resource governance should follow____________.
A. top down approach C. centralized approach
B. bottom up approach D. one to one top approach
9. Which of the following is a not role as cause to the competition over scarce resources?
A. Demand-induced scarcity C. Structurally induced scarcity
B. Supply-induced scarcity D. Trans boundary induced scarcity
10. As Mada‟a is for Afar _________is for Somali
A. Gumma B. Shimagle C. T‟eer D. Ogaz
11. Which of the following is not parts of categories of resource related conflict?
A. Conflict over resource ownership C. Conflict over resource formation
B. Conflict over resource access Conflict over distribution of benefits and burden
12. The social dimension of sustainable development focuses on:
A. Governance related provision C. Avoiding overexploitation of non-renewable resources
B. Maintaining a stable resource base D. Avoidance of extreme sectorial imbalances

e 1 “ ፈጣሪ የተወደዱ ልጆቻችንን ፣ ሀገራችንን እና ህዝባችንን ይጠብቅልን!”

Geography Worksheet for Grade 12
 13. All of the following are taken as main drivers of conflict over resource. Except:
A. Competition over increasingly scarce renewable resources.
B. Poor governance of renewable natural resources and the environment.
C. Transboundary natural resource dynamics and pressures.
D. Structured governance of natural resources.
14. Which one of the following is an indicator of good governance of natural resources?
A. Fair distribution of benefits D. Laws that marginalize specific groups
B. Overlapping resource rights
C. Lack of public participation and transparency
15. The following are the pillars of Climate Resilient Green Economy of Ethiopia. Except
A. Leapfrogging to modern and energy-efficient technologies
B. Expanding electricity generation from renewable sources of energy
C. Protecting and re-establishing forests for their economic and ecosystem
D. Establishing and promoting coal and fuel energy consumption
16. Among the following are aspects of the sustainable development goal. Except?
A. Zero Hunger C. Sustainable Tourism
B. Clean Water and Sanitation D. Decent Work and Economic Growth
17. What role do the guurti elders play in Somali conflict management?
A. Law enforcement officers C. Community mediators
B. Judges and jury D. Political representatives
18. Which approach is often utilized to enhance community-based resource management?
A. Collaborative management C. Government-controlled initiatives
B. Exclusive decision-making D. Resource privatization
19. What is one of the main challenges mentioned in natural resource governance?
A. Clear distribution of benefits C. Minimal public participation
B. Over-enforcement of resource rights D. Transparent decision-making
20. Which of the following statement describes the main characteristics of the mesosphere?
A. Contains 75% of the atmospheric mass C. Have extremely low density
B. High concentration of ozone gases D. The coldest part of the atmosphere
21. Of the following the types of winds, which one is blow over large areas of the earth‟s surface
and associated with the trade winds, westerlies and polar easterlies?
A. Planetary Wind B. Monsoon Wind C. Local Wind D. Seasonal Wind
22. Many parts of the world interior part experiences continental climates with insignificance
maritime influence. This is due to:
A. Latitude B. Altitude C. Distance from the sea D. Ocean current
23. Among the types of rainfall, which one is common in humid areas where temperature is high
throughout the year and occurs when the energy of the sun heats the surface of the Earth,
causing water to evaporate to form water vapour?
A. Relief Rainfall C. Convectional Rainfall
B. Cyclonic Rainfall D. Orographic Rainfall
24. What is an essential feature highlighted in improving basic governance to prevent conflicts
over natural resources?
A. Increasing conflicts over resources C. Over-enforcement of laws
B. Transparent decision-making D. Unequal resource access
25. Among the following indigenous conflict resolving practice, which one is the indigenous
leaders resolving conflict in Somali?
A. T‟eer B. Mada‟a C. Ogaz D. Kedo Abba

e 2 “ ፈጣሪ የተወደዱ ልጆቻችንን ፣ ሀገራችንን እና ህዝባችንን ይጠብቅልን!”

Geography Worksheet for Grade 12
 26. In light of implementing the 2030 SDGs, the FDRE was made possible through ensuring
universal (inclusive) access to equitable and quality education related to:
A. SDG 4 B. SDG 1 C. SDG 6 D. SDG 7
27. From the following causes of resource scarcity, what scarcity arises when demand for a
specific renewable resource increases, and cannot be met by the existing supply?
A. Demand-induced scarcity C. Exchange-induced scarcity
B. Supply-induced scarcity D. Structure-induced scarcity
28. Conflicts can arise in all of the following situations, except
A. User groups are participating in natural resource management
B. Natural resources are poorly managed and inequitably shared
C. Contradictions arise between local and introduced management systems
D. Poor policy and unsuccessful program implementation prevail
29. Dry climates are located in the following areas, except
A. In trade wind belts C. In the interior of continents
B. On the leeward side of high mountains D. Along warm ocean currents
30. What is one of the major environmental consequences of land degradation?
A. Desertification C. Enhanced soil fertility
B. Increased biodiversity D. Improved water quality
31. Which countries are working to co-manage the Mesopotamia marshland
A. Turkey and Jordan B. Israel and Palestine C. Iran and Iraq
D. Afghanistan and Pakistan
32. Which one of the following is a cause of demand induced scarcity?
A. Environmental degradation C. Population growth
B. Unequal resource access D. natural variation in resources
33. Which one of the following best describes the „nested rings‟ approach to sustainable
development?
A. Separate treatment of economic, social and environmental dimensions
B. A hierarchy with the economy at the center
C. System where the economy, society and environment are connected
D. Independent progress of the three pillars.
34. What is the main aim of sustainable development goals?
A. Achieving rapid industrialization C. Focusing solely on environmental conservation
B. Ensuring peace, prosperity an healthy planet D. Reducing military expenditure globally
35. Why are conflicts over resources not always negative?
A. They only occur in underdeveloped regions
B. They can drive change & development if resolved peacefully
C. They encourage violence as a means of resolution
D. They eliminate competition between stakeholders
36. What is a key factor in preventing conflicts over natural resources from becoming violent?
A. Strengthening governance and trust in institutions disputes
B. Increasing resource extraction rates
C. Allowing market forces to resolve
D. Avoiding trans boundary resource agreements
37. How can discriminatory policies contribute to resource conflicts?
A. providing more resources to underprivileged groups
B. creating more comprehensive resource governance
C. reducing competition over scarce resources
D. marginalizing groups from accessing resources

e 3 “ ፈጣሪ የተወደዱ ልጆቻችንን ፣ ሀገራችንን እና ህዝባችንን ይጠብቅልን!”

Geography Worksheet for Grade 12
 38. What can cause major grievances in the context of development projects
A. A lack of compensation for damaged resources
B. The environmental benefits overweighing the burdens
C. Greater public participation in decision making
D. Reduced cultural significance of resources
39. What key issue is at the center of upstream Nile countries‟ dialogue?
A. Construction of dam C. equity in water resource allocation
B. Prevention of transboundary pollution D. control of fisheries
40. In the Afar community, which institution is responsible for managing inter-clan conflicts?
A. Gadda B. T‟eer C. Guurti D. Mada‟a
41. What is Ethiopia‟s target for electric expansion under the CRGE strategy?
A. Increase electricity generation by 5% annually
B. Expand electricity supply at a rate of 14% per annum
C. Replace hydroelectric power with nuclear energy
D. Achieve full reliance on fossil fuels
42. One of the main benefits of internationally shared rivers and watercourses is
A. Increased conflicts over water use C. reduction of Ecosystem service
B. Economic integration among countries D. Limited social integration
43. Which pillar of the CRGE strategy focuses on limited soil based emission and improve
resource efficiency in agriculture?
A. Protecting forest for ecosystem service
B. Leapfrogging to modern technologies
C. Expanding renewable electricity generation
D. Improving crop and livestock production practices
44. Which one of the following is not optimistic view of population theory?
A. Julian Simon‟s Theory C. Ester Boserup‟s Hypothesis
B. Marxian Perspective D. Malthusian Theory
45. According to Malthus, which one of the following is considered as a positive check on
population growth?
A. Moral restraints B. delaying marriage C. Contraceptives D. War.
46. Which one of the following best describes Malthus positive checks of population?
A. Policies that reduce birth C. Natural events that increase food supply
B. Factors that rise deaths D. Innovations that improve agricultural productivity
47. According to Thomas Robert Malthus, population growth:
A. Increases at a linear rate C. Increases at geometric rate
B. Decreases over time D. Stays constant
48. Esther Boserup is known for her theory that population growth:
A. Leads to famine and scarcity
B. Is limited by natural resources
C. Promotes technological innovation and development
D. D. Should be controlled through government policies
49. Which one of the following is highly associated to Ester Boserup‟s description?
A. Necessity is the mother of invention.
B. The ultimate resource is the people.
C. Resource depletion is not a consequence of population growth but of unequal distribution
of resources between classes.
D. Population growth is the main source of poverty.

e 4 “ ፈጣሪ የተወደዱ ልጆቻችንን ፣ ሀገራችንን እና ህዝባችንን ይጠብቅልን!”

Geography Worksheet for Grade 12
 50. Which of the following is a common belief among neo Malthusians regarding food
production?
A. Food production will always exceed population growth.
B. Current agricultural practices are sustainable indefinitely.
C. Food shortage will rise due to rapid population growth.
D. Food production has no correlation with population dynamics.
51. What role does agricultural innovation play in response to population growth in Boserup‟s
view?
A. It is irrelevant; population growth will always lead to famine.
B. It is a slow process with little effect during times of crisis
C. It serves as a critical means for societies to cope with increased demands
D. It leads to environmental depletion in long term.
52. What was Julian Simon‟s primary argument regarding population growth?
A. Population growth depletes resources.
B. More people lead to more innovation and economic growth
C. Population control is essential for sustainable development
D. Increasing population leads to environmental degradation
53. What is the major concern about population growth from Marxian view?
A. It leads to an increase in labor productivity
B. It exacerbates class struggle and resource allocation issues
C. It is beneficial for capital accumulation
D. It enhances societal welfare
54. What is the purpose of higher taxation for parents with more children?
A. To reduce poverty C. To control the population
B. To increase family income D. To promote gender equality
55. According to child tax method which of the following is typically exempted from child tax?
A. Only the first child C. Only the third child
B. The first two children D. All children
56. Family planning is most closely associated with
A. Reducing population control methods C. Increasing government
intervention
B. Access to safe, voluntary means of planning a family D. Reducing gender equality
57. In developing regions, why do women who want to avoid pregnancy not use effective family
planning methods?
A. Have better access to contraception C. Insufficient government funding
B. Lack of support from partners or communities D. availability of better health
facilities
58. What is contraception used for?
A. To increase the number of children C. To prevent pregnancy
B. To ensure that women have more children D. To provide financial support to
families
59. Which of the following is true about contraception methods?
A. All contraception methods are irreversible
B. Contraception is a popular population control method
C. Contraception is mostly used for family planning in developing regions only
D. Contraception is not a part of family planning
60. Family planning is considered important for which of the following?
A. Gender equality and women's empowerment
B. Increasing the population
C. Restricting access to health services
D. Reducing the need for contraception
e 5 “ ፈጣሪ የተወደዱ ልጆቻችንን ፣ ሀገራችንን እና ህዝባችንን ይጠብቅልን!”
Geography Worksheet for Grade 12
 61. Which of the following factors limits the use of family planning in developing regions?
A. Too many family planning options available
B. Lack of support from partners or communities
C. Over-abundance of information about family planning
D. High rates of contraceptive use
62. What is the core belief of Neo-Malthusianism?
A. Population growth is not linked to poverty.
B. Birth control can help control poverty.
C. Population growth is caused by poverty.
D. Development issues are unrelated to population size.
63. How do Neo-Malthusians view the relationship between population growth and poverty?
A. Population growth is a result of poverty.
B. Population growth is the main cause of poverty.
C. Poverty causes population growth.
D. There is no connection between population growth and poverty.
64. Which of the following is a key recommendation of Neo-Malthusians to address population
growth?
A. Economic development without family planning.
B. Birth control as a method to reduce population growth.
C. A complete ban on reproduction in developing countries.
D. Immigration control.
65. What does the success of family planning programs depend on, according to Neo-
Malthusians?
A. Eliminating poverty in developing countries. C. High rates of population growth.
B. Reducing population growth through birth control. D. Political stability in rich countries.
66. Which countries do Neo-Malthusians point to as evidence of population growth leading to
poverty?
A. United States and Canada. C. Ethiopia and Somalia.
B. China and India. D. Germany and Japan.
67. Critics of Neo-Malthusianism argue that it overlooks what primary factor contributing to
poverty?
A. Lack of birth control. C. Social and economic causes of
poverty.
B. Population decline. D. Excessive food production.
68. According to critics, Neo-Malthusianism unfairly blames which group for poverty?
A. Politicians and elites. C. The poor people in developing
countries.
B. International organizations. D. Developed countries.
69. Which viewpoint is often described as the 'people versus resources' perspective in debates
about population?
A. Marxist perspective. C. Neo-Malthusian perspective.
B. Environmentalist perspective. D. Social democratic perspective.
70. Which of the following is an argument against the Neo-Malthusian perspective?
A. Food production has failed to meet demand.
B. Population growth has outpaced food production.
C. Food distribution, rather than lack of food, is the issue.
D. The lack of birth control in developed countries.
71. Critics of Neo-Malthusianism argue that development problems are linked to what factor?
A. A rapid increase in technology. D. A lack of resources.
B. Global resource distribution and political failure.
C. Too many births in developed countries.

e 6 “ ፈጣሪ የተወደዱ ልጆቻችንን ፣ ሀገራችንን እና ህዝባችንን ይጠብቅልን!”

Geography Worksheet for Grade 12
 72. What term describes the view that population growth causes poverty, as held by Malthus and
Neo-Malthusians?
A. Sociological determinism. C. Demographic determinism.
B. Economic determinism D. Cultural determinism.
73. What do some critics say Neo-Malthusianism does not address effectively?
A. Resource consumption by developed countries.
B. The challenges of providing birth control.
C. The role of government policies in shaping population growth.
D. The importance of international aid.
74. What is one criticism of the Malthusian and Neo-Malthusian view regarding population and
development?
A. It overlooks the economic value of population growth.
B. It does not account for food distribution problems.
C. It suggests that economic growth is unrelated to population size.
D. It proposes unrealistic government interventions.
75. Neo-Malthusians believe that a reduction in population will lead to which of the following
outcomes?
A. Economic growth and improvements in living conditions.
B. Increased poverty and inequality.
C. Rapid urbanization and unemployment.
D. Less environmental degradation.
76. Which of the following do critics of Neo-Malthusianism suggest is the real cause of poverty?
A. Excessive family planning programs. C. Low fertility rates.
B. Global inequalities in the distribution of resources. D. Lack of education.
77. What is a significant flaw in the Neo-Malthusian argument according to critics?
A. It focuses too much on urbanization.
B. It assumes that poverty is caused by population growth alone.
C. It ignores the role of technology in addressing population growth.
D. It fails to promote family planning programs effectively.
78. What did the Neo-Malthusians claim about developing countries?
A. They have successfully solved their population problems.
B. They face no economic challenges due to high birth rates.
C. Rapid population growth causes economic stagnation and poverty.
D. Population growth in these countries is manageable without intervention.
79. How do some developing countries respond to the Malthusian and Neo-Malthusian views?
A. By endorsing family planning programs.
B. By demanding external population control measures.
C. By reclaiming the right to define their own population challenges.
D. By seeking population reduction via international aid.
80. What do critics argue about the ethnocentric nature of Malthusian and Neo-Malthusian
theories?
A. They focus only on Western European perspectives on reproduction.
B. They prioritize developing countries over developed countries.
C. They entirely ignore the experiences of developed nations.
D. They favor technological solutions over cultural practices.
81. What conclusion is drawn about the Neo-Malthusian approach to population control?
A. It has been entirely successful in solving poverty.
B. It addresses the root causes of poverty and inequality.
C. It has limitations in addressing the complex realities of development.
D. It provides a clear solution to environmental degradation.

e 7 “ ፈጣሪ የተወደዱ ልጆቻችንን ፣ ሀገራችንን እና ህዝባችንን ይጠብቅልን!”

Geography Worksheet for Grade 12
 82. What is the main goal of population policy?
A. To control the economic conditions of a country C. To promote individual liberty
B. To address population-related problems D. To reduce taxes
83. Population policies can be broadly categorized into which two groups?
A. Urban and rural policies C. Pro-natalist and anti-natalist
policies
B. Economic and political policies D. Family and child care policies
84. What is the primary aim of pro-natalist policies?
A. To reduce birth rates C. To decrease the economic burden on families
B. To increase fertility and population growth rates D. To restrict immigration
85. Which of the following countries had pro-natalist policies as early as the 1930s?
A. China C. United States
B. Germany, France, Sweden, Italy, and Spain D. Japan
86. What types of policies are typically included in pro-natalist measures?
A. Policies promoting family planning
B. Policies that grant significant maternity pay and support for child care
C. Policies limiting the number of children per family
D. Policies encouraging urban migration
87. What was one measure taken by the French government to encourage higher birth rates?
A. Free education for children
B. The 1939 Family Code and family benefits
C. Limiting the number of children per family
D. Providing tax breaks for large families
88. What did an Austrian study find regarding parental leave?
A. It reduced fertility C. It increased fertility
B. It had no effect on fertility D. It increased child care costs
89. What demographic factor might motivate pro-natalist policies in some countries?
A. An aging society with low fertility rates C. An influx of immigrants
B. A young population with high fertility rates D. High levels of unemployment
90. Which of the following is an indirect way to promote fertility in pro-natalist policies?
A. Implementing birth control campaigns
B. Increasing the cost of child rearing
C. Creating flexible working hours and providing child care assistance
D. Reducing family allowances
91. Why might countries with low fertility rates encourage immigration?
A. To reduce the cost of raising children
B. To maintain a stable population through younger working-age immigrants
C. To increase urbanization
D. To limit social welfare benefits
92. Which of the following is true about anti-natalist policies?
A. They seek to increase fertility rates
B. They seek to reduce fertility and population growth rates
C. They focus on providing financial support to families
D. They encourage pro-natalist incentives
93. Which country is most famous for implementing an anti-natalist policy known as the “one
child” policy?
A. India B. China C. Japan D. France
94. What was China‟s fertility rate like before the “one child” policy was introduced?
A. Below 2.0 B. Over 6.0 C. 3.0 D. Close to 4.0
95. Which of the following can be a consequence of anti-natalist policies?
A. Increased fertility rates C. A young working-age population
B. A rapidly aging population D. Higher birth premiums
96. What types of policies are generally seen as pro-natalist?
A. Policies that limit immigration

e 8 “ ፈጣሪ የተወደዱ ልጆቻችንን ፣ ሀገራችንን እና ህዝባችንን ይጠብቅልን!”

Geography Worksheet for Grade 12
 B. Policies that reduce working hours for families
C. Policies that encourage fewer children per family
D. Policies that focus on family planning education
97. What is one major difference between pro-natalist and anti-natalist policies?
A. Pro-natalist policies focus on lowering birth rates, while anti-natalist policies focus on
increasing them
B. Pro-natalist policies aim to increase fertility rates, while anti-natalist policies aim to reduce
them
C. Anti-natalist policies emphasize welfare benefits, while pro-natalist policies do not
D. Pro-natalist policies aim to reduce immigration, while anti-natalist policies encourage it
98. What is a common form of government intervention in pro-natalist policies?
A. Restricting family size
B. Providing financial incentives for families with children
C. Promoting birth control education
D. Reducing maternity leave
99. How can social policies indirectly promote fertility rates?
A. By encouraging more people to migrate
B. By increasing the cost of raising children
C. By creating social environments that make having children more feasible economically
D. By discouraging family planning programs
100. Which countries have been known to implement pro-natalist policies in the late 20th and early
21st centuries?
A. United States, China, and Russia
B. Germany, France, Sweden, Italy, and Spain
C. Canada, Brazil, and Argentina
D. Australia, Japan, and New Zealand

e 9 “ ፈጣሪ የተወደዱ ልጆቻችንን ፣ ሀገራችንን እና ህዝባችንን ይጠብቅልን!”

Geography Worksheet for Grade 12