Linux Topics - 2 Mark Answers
Q: Why Linux is called open source OS
A: Linux is called an open-source OS because its source code is freely available to everyone. Users
can view, modify, and distribute it without restrictions.
Q: Advantages of open source OS
A: Open source OS offers cost savings, flexibility, enhanced security, and community support as
users can freely access and modify the code.
Q: Windows vs Linux
A: Windows is a proprietary OS with a GUI focus, while Linux is open-source, more customizable,
and preferred for servers and programming.
Q: Directory structure
A: Linux has a hierarchical directory structure starting from the root (/), with directories like /home,
/etc, /bin, and /var for organization.
Q: Booting process of Linux
A: The Linux booting process includes BIOS -> MBR -> GRUB -> Kernel -> Init -> Runlevel
programs.
Q: yum
A: YUM (Yellowdog Updater Modified) is a package manager used in Red Hat-based systems to
install, update, and remove software packages.
Q: nmcli
A: nmcli is a command-line tool for managing NetworkManager, used to configure and control
network connections.
Q: nmtui
A: nmtui is a text user interface for NetworkManager that allows users to manage network settings in
a user-friendly manner.
Q: ACL
A: ACL (Access Control List) provides fine-grained permissions for files and directories beyond the
standard owner-group-others model.
Q: SUID, SGID and sticky bit
A: SUID allows users to run executables with file owner's privileges, SGID with group privileges, and
sticky bit restricts deletion to file owners.
Q: chmod, chown, chgrp
A: chmod changes file permissions, chown changes file owner, and chgrp changes the group
associated with a file.
Q: Password ageing policy
A: Password ageing policy enforces rules like maximum password age, warning days, and expiry to
improve security.
Q: Basic permission level
A: Linux basic permissions include read (r), write (w), and execute (x) for user, group, and others.
Q: Redirection
A: Redirection in Linux is used to direct input and output of commands using symbols like >, >>, and
<.
Q: umask
A: umask defines default permission settings for new files and directories by masking out permission
bits.
Q: inode
A: An inode is a data structure storing metadata about a file, like its size, owner, and disk block
location.
Q: Soft and hard link
A: Soft link is a shortcut to a file; hard link is a duplicate reference to the file's inode.
Q: Primary partition, logical partition
A: A primary partition is one of the main partitions on a disk; logical partitions exist within an
extended partition.
Q: SWAP
A: SWAP is disk space used as virtual memory when RAM is full, helping prevent system crashes.
Q: LUKS
A: LUKS (Linux Unified Key Setup) provides disk encryption for securing data on storage devices.
Q: What is the significance of permanent mounting
A: Permanent mounting ensures file systems are automatically mounted at boot by editing /etc/fstab.
Q: LVM
A: LVM (Logical Volume Manager) allows flexible disk management by creating logical volumes over
physical disks.
