Chapter 1-COMPUTER
1. Typing Keys
- Alphabet Keys: These keys are used to type letters (A-Z).
- Number and Symbol Keys: These keys can type numbers (0-9) or symbols (like @, , $, etc.).
- Shift Key: >Press Shift key + alphabet/letter key will type a capital letter.
>Press Shift key + a number or symbol key will type the symbol shown on the upper part
of the key. Eg. Shift+2 will give @
- Caps Lock Key: When this key is pressed, all letters you type will be in capital letters.
- Backspace Key: This key erases the text that was just typed.
-Delete key: This key deletes text to the right of the cursor.
- Enter Key: This key moves the cursor to the next line.
- Space Bar: This key is used to add spaces between words.
2. Control Keys
- Ctrl Key, Alt Key, and Esc Key: These keys are used with other keys to perform special actions.
- Ctrl + C: Copies selected text.
- Ctrl + V: Pastes copied text.
- Ctrl + X: Cut
- Ctrl + A: Select All
- Ctrl + P: Print
- Ctrl + B: Bold
- Windows + L: Locks the computer.
- Alt + Tab: Switches between open applications.
- Esc Key: Cancels or closes the current task or program.
3. Navigation Keys
- Arrow Keys: These keys move the cursor up, down, left, or right.
- Page Up and Page Down Keys: These keys move the page up or down by one page at a time.
- Home Key: This key brings you to the start of a document.
- End Key: This key brings you to the end of a document.
- Delete Key: This key deletes text to the right of the cursor.
- Insert Key: This key is used to overwrite text.
4. Function Keys
- F1 to F12: These keys are located at the top of the keyboard and are used for specific tasks.
- F1: Opens the help menu.
- F5: Refreshes the page.
5. Numeric Keypad (NumPad)
- Numeric Keypad: This is a set of keys on the keyboard that is helpful for typing numbers and some
symbols quickly. It includes:
- Number keys (0-9).
- Direction keys (up, down, left, right).
- Symbol keys (+, -, , /).
- The number keys on the numeric keypad type numbers by default, but when combined with the
Shift key, they can type symbols.
Keyboard Shortcuts:
- Shift + 2: Types the symbol "@".
- Ctrl + S: Saves the document.
- Windows + D: Minimizes all open windows and shows the desktop.
- Alt + F4: Closes the current window.
Mouse
- What is a Mouse?
- A mouse is a small device used to control the pointer on the computer screen.
- It allows you to move the pointer and select things on the screen by clicking its buttons.
- Types of Mouse:
- Mechanical Mouse: Has a ball at the bottom that rolls to move the pointer.
- Optical Mouse: Uses light beams and sensors to move the pointer.
- How the Mouse Works:
- Single Click: Selects an icon or option, or runs a command.
- Double Click: Opens a file or program.
- Triple Click: Selects a whole sentence or paragraph in a document.
- Drag: Moves an icon or text, or selects text in a document.
- Right Click: Opens a menu with options.
- Scroll Wheel: Helps scroll the document up or down when rotated or clicked.
Fun Fact:
- The earliest mouse had a wire at its rear part, making it look like a real mouse, which is why it got
its name. The cursor on the screen was called "CAT" at that time!
Touchpad
- Touchpad: In laptops, there's a built-in touchpad that works like a mouse.
- It has two buttons that work like the left and right mouse buttons.
- You move the pointer by sliding your finger across the touchpad.
- It does not have a scrolling wheel.
Scanner
- Scanner: A scanner is an input device used to make a digital copy of a physical document, like a
book or photograph.
- You place the document on the scanner, press the scan button, and the image or text gets saved
on the computer.
- Other Types of Scanners:
- Barcode Reader: Used in supermarkets to scan prices on items and create a bill for the customer.
- QR Code Reader: Used to pay money directly from the user’s bank account.
Output Devices
- Monitor: The monitor is an output device that shows what is happening on the computer in the
form of text, images, and videos.
- It helps us see what we are doing on the computer.
- Modern monitors are thin and lightweight.
- Projector: A projector is used to display the output on a large screen.
- Printer: A printer is an output device that creates a physical copy of a document on paper.
- You use the print command in a document to print it.
- 3D Printer: A special printer that can print almost anything, like plastic toys or machine parts made
out of metal.
Speakers
- Speakers: A speaker is a device that produces sound. It is commonly used to listen to music,
recorded speeches, and other sounds.
Input-Output Devices
- Headset:
- A headset has small speakers that go over your ears and a microphone.
- The speakers allow you to hear sound from the computer (output).
- The microphone lets you speak into the computer (input).
- Touchscreen:
- A touchscreen is an electronic display screen.
- It works as both an input and output device.
- You can touch the screen with your fingers or hand gestures to control a computer, tablet, or
smartphone (input).
- The screen also shows you pictures and information (output).
