ASSIGNMENT 3
Write a program to find the root of the following equation
f(x)=x^3-4x+1=0 by Newton Raphson method. Result should
be correct upto 6 significant digits.
CODE
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <math.h>
float equation(float x)
float result= (x*x*x)-(4*x)+1;
return result;
float eq2(float x)
float result= (2*x*x)-4;
return result;
int Newton_Raphson()
int i,n,f=0;
float e=0.000001,a,fa,fa1,x;
printf("Enter the initial guess: \n");
scanf("%f", &a);
printf("Enter the max number of iterations: \n");
scanf("%d", &n);
for(i=1;i<=n;i++)
fa=equation(a);
fa1=eq2(a);
if(fa1==0.0)
printf("Mathematical Error");
break;
x=a-(fa/fa1);
if (fabs((x-a)/x)>e)
a=x;
else
f=1;
break;
if(f==1)
printf("\nThe Approximate Root is %f in %d
interations",x,i);
else
printf("\nThe Number of Iterations is not sufficient");
return 0;
}
int main()
int a=Newton_Raphson();
return a;
OUTPUT
Enter the initial guess:
Enter the max number of iterations:
The Approximate Root is 0.254102 in 5 interations
ASSIGNMENT 4
Write a program to find the solution of a set of linear
equation using Gauss Elimination method.
CODE
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
int n, i, j, k;
printf("Enter the number of unknowns: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
float a[n][n + 1];
float x[n];
printf("Enter the coefficients of the matrix :\n");
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
{printf("\n");
for (j = 0; j <= n; j++)
printf("a[%d][%d] = ", i, j);
scanf("%f", &a[i][j]);
printf("\nSystem of linear system is:\n");
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
for (j = 0; j <= n; j++)
{
printf("%f ", a[i][j]);
printf("\n");
for (i = 0; i < n - 1; i++)
for (k = i + 1; k < n; k++)
if (a[i][i] == 0)
printf("Mathematical Error: Division by zero\
n");
return -1;
int factor = a[k][i] / a[i][i];
for (j = i; j <= n; j++)
a[k][j] = a[k][j] - factor * a[i][j];
for (i = n - 1; i >= 0; i--)
x[i] = a[i][n];
for (j = i + 1; j < n; j++)
x[i] = x[i] - a[i][j] * x[j];
}
x[i] = x[i] / a[i][i];
printf("\nSolution:\n");
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
printf("x[%d] = %.3f\n", i, x[i]);
return 0;
OUTPUT
Enter the number of unknowns: 2
Enter the coefficients of the matrix :
a[0][0] = 1
a[0][1] = 2
a[0][2] = 2
a[1][0] = 1
a[1][1] = -2
a[1][2] = 6
System of linear system is:
1.000000 2.000000 2.000000
1.000000 -2.000000 6.000000
Solution:
x[0] = 4.000
x[1] = -1.000
ASSIGNMENT 5
Write a program to find the solution of a set of linear
equation using Gauss Seidel method.
CODE
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
int n, i, j, k, m;
float sum = 0.0;
printf("Enter the number of unknowns: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
printf("Enter the number of iterations: ");
scanf("%d", &m);
float a[n][n];
float b[n];
float x[n];
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
x[i] = 0.0;
printf("Enter the coefficients of the matrix :\n");
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
printf("\n");
for (j = 0; j < n; j++)
{
printf("a[%d][%d] = ", i, j);
scanf("%f", &a[i][j]);
printf("Enter the solutions of the equations :\n");
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
printf("b[%d]= ", i);
scanf("%f", &b[i]);
printf("\nInitial Solution:\n");
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
printf("x[%d] = %.3f\t", i, x[i]);
for (i = 0; i < m; i++)
printf("\n");
for (j = 0; j < n; j++)
sum = b[j];
for (k = 0; k < n; k++)
if (k != j)
sum = sum - (a[j][k] * x[k]);
}
x[j] = sum / a[j][j];
for (int i1 = 0; i1 < n; i1++)
printf("x[%d] = %.3f\t", i1, x[i1]);
printf("\nFinal Solution:\n");
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
printf("x[%d] = %.3f\t", i, x[i]);
return 0;
OUTPUT
Enter the number of unknowns: 2
Enter the number of iterations: 5
Enter the coefficients of the matrix :
a[0][0] = 1
a[0][1] = 3
a[1][0] = 2
a[1][1] = 8
Enter the solutions of the equations :
b[0]= 6
b[1]= -12
Initial Solution:
x[0] = 0.000 x[1] = 0.000
x[0] = 6.000 x[1] = -3.000
x[0] = 15.000 x[1] = -5.250
x[0] = 21.750 x[1] = -6.938
x[0] = 26.812 x[1] = -8.203
x[0] = 30.609 x[1] = -9.152
Final Solution:
x[0] = 30.609 x[1] = -9.152
ASSIGNMENT 6
Write a program to solve any equation using successive
approximation method. Equation - 1. x^3-x^2-1=0
CODE
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <math.h>
#define g(x) 1 / sqrt(x + 1)
int main()
double x0, x1, e;
int n;
printf("Enter initial guess : \n");
scanf("%lf", &x0);
printf("Enter allowed error : \n");
scanf("%lf", &e);
printf("Enter number of iterations : \n");
scanf("%d", &n);
printf("\n\nI\t\t x0\t\t\t x1\t\t x1 - x0\n");
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
x1 = g(x0);
printf("%d\t | %.6f\t | %.6f\t | %.6f \n", i, x0, x1,
fabs(x1 - x0));
if (fabs(x1 - x0) <= e)
{
printf("\nConverges to a root %f , in %d
iterations\n", x1, i);
exit(0);
else
x0 = x1;
printf("\nDoes not converge to a root in %d iterations",
n);
return 0;
}
OUTPUT
Enter initial guess :
0.5
Enter allowed error :
0.000001
Enter number of iterations :
15
I x0 x1 x1 - x0
1 | 0.500000 | 0.816497 | 0.316497
2 | 0.816497 | 0.741964 | 0.074533
3 | 0.741964 | 0.757671 | 0.015707
4 | 0.757671 | 0.754278 | 0.003393
5 | 0.754278 | 0.755007 | 0.000729
6 | 0.755007 | 0.754850 | 0.000157
7 | 0.754850 | 0.754884 | 0.000034
8 | 0.754884 | 0.754876 | 0.000007
9 | 0.754876 | 0.754878 | 0.000002
10 | 0.754878 | 0.754878 | 0.000000
Converges to a root 0.754878 , in 10 iterations
ASSIGNMENT 7
Write e a program to solve differential equation using Runge-
kutta method.Problem - Given dy/dx = x+y, y(0)=1. Find Y at
x=0.2,taking h=0.1 . [use 2nd order Runge Kutta method].
CODE
#include <stdio.h>
float f(float x, float y)
return x + y;
int main()
float x0, y0, xn, h, k1, k2, k;
int n;
printf("\nEnter initial value of x (x0): ");
scanf("%f", &x0);
printf("\nEnter initial value of y (y0): ");
scanf("%f", &y0);
printf("\nEnter the point at which you want the solution
(xn): ");
scanf("%f", &xn);
printf("\nEnter step size (h): ");
scanf("%f", &h);
n = (xn - x0) / h;
printf("\nStep-by-step Runge-Kutta 2nd Order Computation:\
n");
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
k1 = h * f(x0, y0);
k2 = h * f(x0 + h, y0 + k1);
k = (k1 + k2) / 2;
y0 = y0 + k;
x0 = x0 + h;
printf("x = %.2f,\ty = %.5f\n", x0, y0);
printf("\nApproximate value of y at x = %.2f is %.5f\n",
xn, y0);
return 0;
OUTPUT
Enter initial value of x (x0): 0
Enter initial value of y (y0): 1
Enter the point at which you want the solution (xn): 0.2
Enter step size (h): 0.1
Step-by-step Runge-Kutta 2nd Order Computation:
x = 0.10, y = 1.11000
x = 0.20, y = 1.24205
Approximate value of y at x = 0.20 is 1.24205
ASSIGNMENT 8
Write a program to use Lagrange Interpolation Method to
find a polynomial which takes on certain values of at arbitary
points.
CODE
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
int i, n;
float p, yn, xn;
printf("Enter the number of function values: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
float x[n];
float y[n];
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
printf("Enter the values of x[%d]=",i);
scanf("%f", &x[i]);
printf("Enter the values of y[%d]=",i);
scanf("%f", &y[i]);
printf("Enter the value of x for which you want to find
the value of y:");
scanf("%f", &xn);
yn = 0;
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
p = 1;
for (int j = 0; j < n; j++)
if (i != j)
p = p * (xn - x[j]) / (x[i] - x[j]);
yn = yn + (y[i] * p);
printf("The value of y at x = %f is %f", xn, yn);
OUTPUT
Enter the number of function values: 4
Enter the values of x[0]=1
Enter the values of y[0]=-3
Enter the values of x[1]=3
Enter the values of y[1]=0
Enter the values of x[2]=4
Enter the values of y[2]=30
Enter the values of x[3]=6
Enter the values of y[3]=132
Enter the value of x for which you want to find the value of
y:5
The value of y at x = 5.000000 is 75.000000
ASSIGNMENT 9
Write a program to use Trapezoidal rule to estimate the
value of a definite integral.
CODE
#include <math.h>
#include <stdio.h>
float value(float a)
float x= a*a;
return x;
int main()
float a,b,n;
float x,y,sum=0,h;
printf("Enter the 2 limits of integration: ");
scanf("%f", &a);
scanf("%f", &b);
printf("Enter the number of subintervals: ");
scanf("%f", &n);
h = (b-a)/n;
x=a;
y=value(x);
sum=y;
for(int i = 2; i <= n; i++)
{
x=x+h;
y=value(x);
sum = sum + (2*y);
x=x+h;
y=value(x);
sum=sum+y;
sum = sum*h/2;
printf("The integral is: %f", sum);
return 0;
OUTPUT
Enter the 2 limits of integration: 0 1
Enter the number of subintervals: 4
The integral is: 0.343750
ASSIGNMENT 10
A Rocket is launched fro the ground. Its acceleration a is
measured every 5 seconds as tabulated below.
t) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
40. 61.
a(t) 0 42.25 48.50 51.25 54.35 59.48 5 64.3 68.7
Find the velocity and position of the rocket at t=40 s using
Trapezoidal Rule
CODE
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int n;
printf("Enter the number of intervals: ");
scanf("%d", &n);
float t[n];
float a[n];
printf("Enter the time values (t0 to t%d):\n", n);
for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) {
scanf("%f", &t[i]);
printf("Enter the accelaration values (t0 to t%d):\n",
n);
for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) {
scanf("%f", &a[i]);
float h = 5.0;
float velocity = a[0] + a[n];
for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
velocity += 2 * a[i];
velocity = (h / 2) * velocity;
printf("\nVelocity at 40s: %.4f m/s\n", velocity);
float position = velocity * t[n];
printf("\nPosition at 40s: %.4f m\n", position);
return 0;
OUTPUT
Enter the number of intervals: 8
Enter the time values (t0 to t8):
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Enter the accelaration values (t0 to t8):
40.0 42.25 48.50 51.25 54.35 59.48 61.5 64.3 68.7
Velocity at 40s: 2179.9001 m/s
Position at 40s: 87196.0078 m
ASSIGNMENT 11
Write a program to use Simpsons 1/3 rd rule to approximate
the value of a definite integral.
CODE
#include <math.h>
#include <stdio.h>
float value(float a)
float root =sqrt(a);
return root;
int main()
int a,b,n;
float x,y,sum,h;
printf("Enter the 2 limits of integration: ");
scanf("%d", &a);
scanf("%d", &b);
printf("Enter the number of subintervals [must be even]:
");
scanf("%d", &n);
h = (b-a)/n;
x=a;
y=value(x);
sum=y;
for(int i = 2; i <= n; i++)
x=x+h;
y=value(x);
if (i%2==0)
sum = sum + 4*y;
else
sum = sum + 2*y;
x=x+h;
y=value(x);
sum=sum+y;
sum = sum*h/3;
printf("The integral is: %f", sum);
return 0;
OUTPUT
Enter the 2 limits of integration: 0 8
Enter the number of subintervals [must be even]: 4
The integral is: 14.855494
ASSIGNMENT 12
A Rocket is launched fro the ground. Its acceleration a is
measured every 5 seconds as tabulated below.
t 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
a(t) 40.0 42.25 48.50 51.25 54.35 59.48 61.5 64.3 68.7
Find the velocity and positionof the rocket at t=40 s using
Simpsons 1/3rd Rule
CODE
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int n;
printf("Enter the number of intervals (must be even): ");
scanf("%d", &n);
if (n % 2 != 0)
printf("Number of intervals must be even!\n");
return 1;
float t[n];
float a[n];
printf("Enter the time values (t0 to t%d):\n", n);
for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) {
scanf("%f", &t[i]);
}
printf("Enter the accelaration values (t0 to t%d):\n",
n);
for (int i = 0; i <= n; i++) {
scanf("%f", &a[i]);
float h = 5.0;
float velocity = a[0] + a[n];
for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
if (i % 2 == 0)
velocity += 2 * a[i];
else
velocity += 4 * a[i];
velocity = (h / 3) * velocity;
printf("\nVelocity at 40s: %.4f m/s\n", velocity);
float position = velocity * t[n];
printf("\nPosition at 40s: %.4f m\n", position);
return 0;
OUTPUT
Enter the number of intervals (must be even): 8
Enter the time values (t0 to t8):
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Enter the accelaration values (t0 to t8):
40.0 42.25 48.50 51.25 54.35 59.48 61.5 64.3 68.7
Velocity at 40s: 2177.5332 m/s
Position at 40s: 87101.3281 m
