EXERCISE 14.
1. List the sample space for the following random experiments :
(2) Three coins are tossed simultaneously
(ü) Two dice are thrown simultaneously.
2. A coin is tossed twice. If the second throw results in a head, then a die is thrown.
Describe the sample space.
3. A coin is tossed. If the result is a head, a die is thrown. If the die shows up an
even
number, the die is thrown again. What is the sample space for this experiment ?
4. A boy has a l rupee coin, a 2 rupee coin and a 5 rupee coin in his pocket. He takes out
two coins out of his pocket, one after the other. Specify its sample space.
5. A coin is tossed. If it shows head, we draw a ball from a bag consisting of 3 blue
and 4 white balls; if it shows tail we throw a die. Describe the sample space of this
experiment.
6. Consider the experiment in which a coin is tossed repeatedly until a head comes up.
Describe the sample space.
PROBABILITY 14.5
ANSWERS
1. () (HHH, HHT, HTH, THH, HTT, THT, TTH, TTT)
(i) ((1, 1), (1, 2), .., (1, 6); (2, 1), (2, 2), .., (2, 6); (3, 1), (3, 2),.., (3, 6);
(4, 1), (4, 2), .., (4, 6); (5, 1), (5, 2), .., (5, 6), (6, 1), (6, 2), .., (6, 6))
2. (TT, HT, HH1, HH2, HH3, HH4, HH5, HH6, TH1, TH2, TH3, TH4, THS, TH61
3. (T, H1, H3, H5, H21, H22, H23, H24, H25, H26, H41, H42, H43, H44, H45, H46, H61,
H62, H63, H64, H65, H66)
4. (PQ, PR, QP, QR, RQ, RP) ;where P = 1 rupee coin, Q= 2 rupee coin,
R= 5 rupee coin.
5. (HB,, HB,, HB,, HW, , HW,, HW,, HW, ,T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6)
6. (H, TH, TTH, TTTH, TTTTH, ...)
EXERCISE 14.2
1. A coin is tossed once. Then, if it turns up a head, a die is thrown once; if it turns up a
tail it is tossed twice more. Describe
(i) the sample space S of the experiment
(iü) the event A "that exactly one head occurs"
(iüi) the event B "that atleast two tails occur or a number greater than 4 occurs".
PROBABILITY
14.11
Two dice
are thrown and the sum of the numbers
2. consider the which come up on the dice is noted.
Let us following events associated with this
A:the sum 1s even experiment.
B:the sum is a multiple of 3
C:the sum is less than 4
D:the sum is greater than 11
which pair of these events are mutually exclusive ?
Teo dice are rolled. A is the event that the sum of the
numbers shown on the two dice is
E and Bis the event that atleast one of the dice shows
up 3. Are the two events A and B
() mutually exclusive
(ü) exhaustive.
A. From a group of 2 boys and 3 girls, two children are selected at random. Describe the
events
() A:both selected children are girls
(i) B: the selected group consists of one boy and one girl.
(iüü) C: atleast one boy is selected.
Which pair(s) of events is(are) mutually exclusive ?
ANSWERS
1. () S = (H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, THH, THT, TTH, TTT)
(ü) A = (H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, THT, TTH)
(ü) B = (H5, H6, THT, TTH, TTT)
2. Cand D are mutually exclusive events
3. (i) No (ii) No
4. () A= (G,G,G,G,, G,G,)
(i) B= B,G, , B,G,, B,Gg , B,GË,B,G,, B,G,)
(ü) C= (B,B,, B,GË,B,G,, B,G3 , B,GË, B,G, , B,Ggl.
A and B; A andC are mutually exclusive.
14.28 ELEMENTS OF MATHEMATICS-(XI
EXERCISE 14.3
1. Let a sample space be S = lw,, wo, .., w). Which of the following assignment of
probability to each outcome are valid :
Assignment W W2 W W6
1 1 1 1 1 1
(a)
6 6 6 6 6 6
(6) 1 0
1 2 1 1 1
(c)
3 3 4
1 1 1 1 1 3
(d)
12 12 6 6 2
(e) 0-1 0-2 0-3 0.4 05 06
2. Two dice are thrown simultaneously. Find the probability of getting six as the produet,
3. In a throw of two coins, find the probability of getting both heads or both tails.
4. ) What is the probability of getting a total of 9 in a single throw of two dice ?
() A die is thrown twice. What is the probability that atleast one of the two throWs
comes up with number 3.
5. In a single throw of two dice, find the probability of getting :
(i) a total of 7 or 9 (ü) a total of 5 or 7
(iüi) the sum of numbers obtained is more than 10
(iv) the sum an even number (v) the sum neither 9 nor 11
(vi) multiple of 3 as the sum.
6. In a single throw of two dice, find the probability of
) throwing a doublet () throwing a doublet of even numbers.
7. One card is drawn from a pack of 52 cards, each of the 52 cards being equally likely to
be drawn. Find the probability that :
(a) the card drawn is red (b) the card drawn is a king
(c) the card drawn is red king (d) the card drawn is either red or a king.
8. A card is drawn from an ordinary pack of playing cards and a person bets that it is a
spade or an ace. What are the odds against his winning the bet.
9. In a single throw of three dice, find the probability of getting
(i) the same number on all the three dice
()not getting the same number on all the dice.
10. What is the probability that number selected from the numbers 1, 2, ... 25 is a prime
number ? You may assume that each of the 25 numbers is equally likely to be selected.
11. Four coins are tossed simultaneously. Find the probability of getting
(i) no head (ü) two heads.
PROBABILITY 14.29
From
urn containing 6 white balls and 9 black balls, a ball is drawn. What is the
an
12. black
probability that it is
c o n t a i n s 5 red balls, 3
black balls and 4 white balls. Aball is drawn out of the bag
13. Abag What is the probability that the ball
at random. drawn is either red or white ?
contains 3 red and 4 black balls. Two balls are drawn at random. Find the
A bag
14. probability of getting Ò both red balls, (iü)) both black balls, (iii) one red and one black
ball.
contains 5 white, 7 red and 3 black balls. If three balls are drawn one by one
15. A bag
without replacenment, find the probability that none is red.
Abag contains 20 tickets numbered from 1 to 20. Two tickets are drawn simultaneously.
Find the probability that
() both the tickets drawn have prime numbers
() none of the ticket drawn has prime number.
.yo cards are drawn at random from a well shuffled pack of 52 cards queen
one after the
and the
other without replacement. Find the probability that one of these is a
other is a king of opposite colour.
18. A committee of two is selected from two men and two women. What is the probability
that the committee will have
(a) no men ? (6) one man ? (c) two men ?
19. Find the probability that when a hand of 7 cards is drawn from awell shufled deck of
52 cards, it contains
() all kings (ii) exactly 3 kings (iii)atleast 3 kings.
20. A bag contains 12 items of which 4 are defective. From this 2 items are drawn at
random. Find the probability of getting :
(iü) one item defective (iii) both items defective
() no item defective
21. Four cards are drawn at random from a pack of 52 cards. Find the probability of getting
all the four cards of the same number.
22. In shuffling a pack of cards, four are accidently dropped. Find the chance that the
missing cards should be one from each suit.
23. If from a lottery of 30 tickets marked 1, 2, 3, ..., 30; four tickets are drawn, what is the
chance that those marked 29 and 30 are amongst them.
24. Out of 9 outstanding students in a college, there are 4 boys and 5 girls. A team of 4
students is to be selected for a quiz program me. Find the probability that 2 are girls
and 2 are boys.
25. Find the probability that in a random arrangement of letters of the word
MATHEMATICS, the consonants occur together.
ANSWERS
1
1. (a) and (b) are valid 2. 3.
9 2
1 11
4. (i) (iü)
9 36
14.30 ELEMENTS OF MATHEMATICS-[XI
5 5 1 1
5. (i) (ü) (üi) (iv)
18 18 12 2
5 1 1
(v) (vi) 6. ) (ü)
6 3 12
1 1 1 7
7. (a) (6) (c) (d)
2 13 26 13
1 35 10.
8. 9:4 9. () (ü)
36 36 25
1 9 3
11. () () 12. 13.
16 8 15 4
2 4 8
14. () (ü) (üi) 15.
7 7 65
14 33 4
16. () (iü) 17.
95 95 663
1 2 1
18. (a) (6) (c)
6 3 6
1- 9 46
19. () (iü) (iii)
7735 1547 7735
14 16 1 1
20. () (ü) (üi) 21.
33 33 11 20825
2197 2 10
22. 23. 24. 25. 0-01515
20825 145 21
EXERCISE 14.4
| B are two a space such that P(A) = 0-4
1. If A and mutually exclusive events in sample
and P(B) = 0-5, then find
() PAU B) (ü) P(A) (iüi) P(B) (iv) P(An B).
P(not A) = 0-65,
2. A and B are two mutually exclusive events of an experiment. If
P(A U B) = 0-65 and P(B) = p, find the value of p.
find P(A).
3. If A and B are mutually exclusive exhaustive events such that PB) = 2P(A);
with a random
4. A, B, Care three mutually exclusive and exhaustive events associated
experiment. Find P(A), given that P(B) = PA)
2
and P(C) =P(B)
2
be
5. A card is drawn from a pack of playing cards. What is the probability that it will
either a king of diamond or a queen of heart ?
getting either a
6. A bag contains 6 white, 5 black and 4 yellow balls. Find the chance of
white or a black ball in a single draw.
?
7. What is the chance of throwing a total of 5 or 6 in a single throw of two dice
on
8. In a single throw of two dice, what is the probability that the sum of the numbers
the two faces is (i) either 9 or 11 (ii) neither 9 nor 11.
and 1: 11
9. In a race, the odds in favour of four horses A, B, C, D are 1 :3, 1: 4, 1:5 impossible,
respectively. Assuming that a dead heat (not more than one wins at a time) is
what
find the chance that one of them will win the race. If there are five horses in all,
is the probability of success for the fifth horse ?
10. There are three events A, B, Cone of which must happen and only one can happen at
a time. If the odds are 8 to 3 against A, 5 to 2 against B; find the odds against C.
11. There are 3 red and 2 black balls in a bag. 3 balls are taken out at random from the
balls.
bag. Find the probability of getting 2 red and 1 black or 1 red and 2 black
selected at
12. In a group of students, there are 3 boys and 3 girls. Four students are to be
random from the group. Find the probability that either 3 boys and 1girl, or 3 girls
and 1 boy are selected.
Two cards are drawn from a pack of cards. What is the chance that atleast one of
the
13.
cards drawn is an ace.
is the
14. Two cards are drawn at random from 8 cards numbered from 1 to 8. What
probability that the sum of the numbers is (i) even (i) odd, if the two cards are drawn
together.
14.40 ELEMENTS OF MATHEMATICS-[XII
15. A class consists of 10 bovs and 8 girls. A committee of three students 1s constituted.
What is the probability that the committee has atmost one girl.
16. Four cards are drawn at a time from a pack of 52 playing cards. Find the probability of
getting all the four cards of the same suit.
ANSWERS
1
(iv) 0-1 2. 0-30 3.
1. () 0-9 () 0.6 (üi) 0-5
1 1 5
4.
4
5.
1
6.
11 7. 8. () 6
(üi)
6
13 26 15 4
2 33
7, 3 9 13.
9. 10. 43 : 34 11. 12. 221
10 10 10 5
3 4 10 44
16.
14. () 7
()
7
15.
17 4165
PROBABILITY 14.47
EXERCISE 14.5
1 Civen that A and B are the events in sample space S such that
PA) = 0-4, PB) = 05 and P(AUB) = 0-6; find P(An B).
2. AandBare two events such that P(A) =0:54, P(B) =0-69 and P(AnB) =0:35. Find
) PA UB) (ü) PAB)
(i) P(AOB) (iw) PBOA)
3 5
4. If Aand B be the events in a sample space S such that P(A) = PB) = and
8
PA OB) =find
2
P(AUB) and PAnB).
4, The probabilities of occurrence of two events A and B are 0-25 and 0-50 respectively.
The probability of their simultaneous occurrence is 0-14. Find the probability that
neither A nor B occurs.
5. One card is drawn from a pack of 52 cards. Find the probability that
) it is either a face card or a red card.
(ü) it is neither a face card nor a red card.
6. One card is drawn from a pack of 52 cards, each of 52 cards being equally likely to be
drawn. Find the probability that
() the card drawn is red.
(ü) the card drawn is a king,
(i) the card drawn is either red or a king.
7. Adie is thrown. Find the probability of getting a number which is a multiple of
2 or 3.
8. One number is drawn from numbers 1 to 100. Find the probability that it is either
divisible by 4 or 6.
9. Adieis thrown twice. What is the probability that atleast one of the two throws comes
up with the number 4?
10. Acoin and a die are thrown. Find the probability of getting
(2) a head or an even number
(iü)a tail or an odd number.
1. Two dice are thrown together. What is the probability that the sum of the numbers on
the two faces is divisible by 3 or 4.
12. Two unbiased dice are thrown. Find the probability that neither a doublet nor a total of
10 will appear.
14.48 ELEMENTS OF MATHEMATICS-[XL
13. Adrawer contains 50 bolts and 150 nuts. Half of the bolts and half of the nuts
rusted. If one item is chosen at random, what is the probability that it is a rusted orareit
is a bolt.
14. An innteger is chosen at random from the numbers ranging from 1 to 50. What is the
probability that the integer chosen is a multiple of either 2or 3or 10 ?
2
l5. The probability of an event A0ceurring is 3
and the probability of event B not
5 4
occurring is If the probability of getting a success in atleast one of two events is
9 5
find the probability of success in both the events ?
16. In a class of 60 students, 30 opted for NCC, 32 opted for NSS and 24 opted for both NCC
and NSS. If one of these students is selected at random, find the probability that
() the student opted for NCC or NSS
() the student opted neither NCC nor NSS
(i) the student opted for NSS but not for NCC.
ANSWERS
1. 0:3 2. (i) 0-88 (ü) 0-12 (üi) 0-19 (iv) 0:34
1 1 5
3. 4. 0-39 5. (i) (ü)
2' 8 13 13
1 1 7 2
6. () (ü) (üi) 7.
13 13
33 11 3
8 9. 10. () (i)
100 36 4 4
5 7 5 33
11. 12. 13. 14.
50
14 19 11 2
15. 16. (i) (ii) (üi)
45 30 30 15
