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Number Systems Guide

This document provides a beginner's guide to number systems, including decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal. Each system is explained with examples of conversions between them, along with Python code snippets for practical application. It serves as a useful resource for Class 11 students or anyone new to programming looking to understand number representations.

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arhampathan1313
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12 views3 pages

Number Systems Guide

This document provides a beginner's guide to number systems, including decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal. Each system is explained with examples of conversions between them, along with Python code snippets for practical application. It serves as a useful resource for Class 11 students or anyone new to programming looking to understand number representations.

Uploaded by

arhampathan1313
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Complete Beginner's Guide to Number Systems (With Examples & Explanations)

🔢 What Are Number Systems?

A number system is a way to represent numbers. Computers use different number systems like binary,
octal, decimal, and hexadecimal to store and process data.

1. 📈 Decimal Number System (Base 10)


Digits used: 0 to 9\ Base: 10 (each digit is multiplied by powers of 10)

Example:

123 (Decimal) means:

1 × 10^2 + 2 × 10^1 + 3 × 10^0


= 100 + 20 + 3 = 123

✅ This is the number system we use in daily life.

2. 💡 Binary Number System (Base 2)


Digits used: 0 and 1\ Base: 2

Example: Convert (1010)₂ to Decimal:

1 × 2^3 + 0 × 2^2 + 1 × 2^1 + 0 × 2^0


= 8 + 0 + 2 + 0 = 10 (Decimal)

Reverse: Convert Decimal 10 to Binary:

10 ÷ 2 = 5 remainder 0
5 ÷ 2 = 2 remainder 1
2 ÷ 2 = 1 remainder 0
1 ÷ 2 = 0 remainder 1

Bottom to top: 1010

✅ So, 10 (Decimal) = 1010 (Binary)

1
3. 🐙 Octal Number System (Base 8)
Digits used: 0 to 7\ Base: 8

Example: Convert (157)₈ to Decimal:

1 × 8^2 + 5 × 8^1 + 7 × 8^0


= 64 + 40 + 7 = 111 (Decimal)

Reverse: Convert Decimal 25 to Octal:

25 ÷ 8 = 3 remainder 1
3 ÷ 8 = 0 remainder 3
Bottom to top: 31

✅ So, 25 (Decimal) = 31 (Octal)

4. 🌟 Hexadecimal Number System (Base 16)


Digits used: 0 to 9 and A to F\ A = 10, B = 11, ..., F = 15\ Base: 16

Example: Convert (FF)₁₆ to Decimal:

F × 16^1 + F × 16^0
= 15 × 16 + 15 × 1 = 240 + 15 = 255

Reverse: Convert Decimal 255 to Hexadecimal:

255 ÷ 16 = 15 remainder 15 (F)


15 ÷ 16 = 0 remainder 15 (F)
Bottom to top: FF

✅ So, 255 (Decimal) = FF (Hexadecimal)

🪤 Python Code Snippets to Try:

print(bin(10)) # Output: 0b1010 (Binary)


print(oct(25)) # Output: 0o31 (Octal)

2
print(hex(255)) # Output: 0xff (Hexadecimal)

print(int("1010", 2)) # Binary to Decimal => 10


print(int("31", 8)) # Octal to Decimal => 25
print(int("FF", 16)) # Hex to Decimal => 255

✨ Summary Table:

Number System Base Digits Used Example (Decimal 255)

Decimal 10 0 to 9 255

Binary 2 0, 1 11111111

Octal 8 0 to 7 377

Hexadecimal 16 0–9 + A–F FF

This guide is perfect for anyone in Class 11 or new to programming. Practice converting back and forth, and
you’ll master these quickly!

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