Engineering Mathematics - GATE Formula Sheet
1. Linear Algebra
- Rank of a Matrix: Number of linearly independent rows or columns.
- Eigenvalues: |A - lambdaI| = 0 gives eigenvalues lambda.
- Inverse of a matrix A: A^-1 exists only if det(A) != 0.
2. Calculus
- Derivative of x^n = n*x^n^-1.
- Maxima/Minima: Check f'(x)=0 and sign of f''(x).
- Integralx^n dx = (x^n)/(n+1) + C, n != -1.
3. Differential Equations
- First Order Linear: dy/dx + P(x)y = Q(x).
- Solution: y * I.F. = Integral(Q * I.F.) dx, where I.F. = e^IntegralP dx.
- Homogeneous: Can be written as dy/dx = f(y/x) or f(x/y).
4. Probability & Statistics
- P(A union B) = P(A) + P(B) P(A intersection B).
- Mean = sumxP(x), Variance = E(X) - [E(X)].
- Bayes Theorem: P(A|B) = P(B|A)P(A)/P(B).
5. Complex Numbers
- z = x + iy, |z| = sqrt(x + y), Arg(z) = tan^-1(y/x).
- Eulers Form: z = re^(itheta).
- Conjugate of z = x - iy.
6. Laplace Transforms
- L{f(t)} = Integral^infinity e^(-st)f(t) dt.
- L{1} = 1/s, L{t^n} = n!/s^n.
- L{e^(at)} = 1/(s - a).