VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BELAGAVI, KARNATAKA-590018

MINI-PROJECT REPORT ON

“Q-SECURE”

Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Mini Project (BCS586)
Course of the 5th semester.

BACHELOR OF ENGINEERING IN
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

SHREYAS SALANKIMATT 1JS22CS147

SOORYA KUMAR 1JS22CS154
SURAJ VITTAL 1JS22CS164
VARUN KUDLI 1JS22CS180

Under the guidance of

Dr.Sharana Basavana Gowda
Associate Professor, CSE Department

JSS ACADEMY OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION, BENGALURU

Department of Computer Science and Engineering
2024 – 2025
 JSS MAHAVIDYAPEETHA, MYSURU
JSS Academy of Technical Education
JSS Campus, Uttarahalli Kengeri Main Road, Bengaluru–560060
Department of Computer Science and Engineering

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the Mini Project entitled “Q-Secure” is a benefited work carried out by
Shreyas Salankimatt, Soorya Kumar, Suraj Vittal, Varun Kudli bearing USN’s
1JS22CS147, 1JS22CS154, 1JS22CS164, 1JS22CS180 Bona fide student of JSS Academy of
Technical Education in the partial fulfilment for the award of the Bachelor of Engineering in
Computer Science & Engineering of the Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belgaum,
during the year 2024-25. It is certified that all corrections / suggestions indicated for Internal
Assessment have been incorporated in the report deposited in the departmental library. The mini
report has been approved as it satisfies the academic requirements in respect of mini project
work prescribed for the said degree.

Dr.Sharana Basavana Gowda Dr. Prabhudev Jagadeesh M P

Associate Professor Professor & HOD
CSE Department CSE Department
JSSATE, Bengaluru JSSATE, Bengaluru
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We extend our highest gratitude to Dr. Sharana Basavana Gowda, our project guide. He showed
his consistent support for the whole duration of the project in terms of expert guidance and
valuable feedback throughout the project. His continuous encouragement and deep knowledge
helped Q-Secure Chat Application reach successful completion and successful development.

We thank Dr. Prabhudev Jagadeesh M P, Head of the department, for his support of such
projects and creating an environment that is just ideal to work on. Under his visionary
leadership, our department has encouraged growth in a very friendly atmosphere throughout
our project.

We would like to thank the faculty and staff of the Department of Computer Science and
Engineering at JSS Academy of Technical Education, Bengaluru, for their constant support
and co-operation during the course of this project.

We would especially like to thank JSS Academy of Technical Education, giving us a field to
think innovatively, inspiring creativity, and equipping students with the tools that help them
solve today's challenges through practical execution and research.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT I

Chapter 1: Introduction 1

Chapter 2: Problem statement 2

Chapter 3: Literature review 5

Chapter 4: Requirements Specification 7

Chapter 5: Methodology 14

Chapter 6: Analysis of Classical RSA and Quantum

19
Factorization

Chapter 7: Technical analysis 24

Chapter 8: Demonstration 31

Chapter 9: Conclusion 35

Chapter 10: References 38

 ABSTRACT

This mini-project presents a real-time chat application designed toward private communication
between users within a dynamic and interactive interface. The application allows for the
possibility of one-to-one messaging with instantaneous updates thereby allowing users to
participate without interruptions. The architecture deployed in the platform is based on flask
for the backend and bootstrap for the frontend with sockt.io being used on the platform for real-
time bidirectional communication.

This includes a profile tray, holding user information, a search tool to find and integrate new
contacts, and a user-friendly chat panel to exchange messages. Each user is also provided with
a personalized interface for chatting, which features the current conversations, most recent
messages, and when the last interaction occurred. Users can start new conversations by
searching for other users, and the app continues to refresh the chat history with the latest
messages as they are sent or received.

Developed on an intuitive interface that is responsive to different dimensions of screens, this

application would run on desktop or mobile platforms. Some of the inherent security features
are 'clear chat history' functionality and the ability to view the encryption method, while in
interaction with users to maximum safeguarding of privacy. Another feature would be
interaction mechanism, using Socket.IO, which can allow for real-time, thus dynamic and
instant, messages.

In summary, the project demonstrates some basic principles behind web development, such as
authentication of users, rendering dynamic data using Jinja templating, and real-time
communication over WebSockets, in order to set up an all-around framework for building an
essentially simple yet functional chat application.

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 INTRODUCTION

Real-time communication in the modern information age plays a critical role that helps bridge
the world from across different continents. On-the-spot chatting applications or software allow
instant messaging, making an indispensable tool for personal use as well as for professional
communication with clients or customers. Mini-project: Development of a real-time chat
application, aiming at seamless and efficient instant message exchange.

It is developed using the backend Flask framework, which involves all the server-side handling
and fosters communication between the clients. The frontend aspect of this system is created
with Bootstrap. Thus, it ensures to offer a modern and highly responsive interface. Realtime
messaging functionality is provided through an efficient Socket.IO library allowing
bidirectional communication between client and the server.

The application provides an intuitive interface through which users can set up accounts, start
discussions, and engage in one-on-one private exchanges. Functions such as the ability to
search for new users, track active conversations, and send live messages make the application
more interactive and usable. Additionally, the site includes features that allow user
authentication, profile management, and the ability to delete chat logs, ensuring that the users
have complete control over their data and privacy.

This project will focus on the core aspects of web application development such as the server-
side rendering of dynamic content using Jinja templating that enables real-time communication
and the secure management of user data. The target is to achieve a user-friendly and highly
scalable chat application that one day could be a base system for more advanced messaging
structures. In this mini-project, we are going to show how the web development aspects can be
put into practice as we engineer an interactive communication tool.

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 PROBLEM STATEMENT

Messaging apps have become an indispensable part of everyday life, whether for personal or
professional correspondence. However, most current-day messaging apps are plagued with
issues like restricted live interactions, a less-than-perfect interface for the users, or issues of
security with the user information and the privacy of messages. To make matters worse, there
are some chat applications that don't even provide choices to allow users to have all-rounded
control over their messages, privacy settings, and conversation history.

This mini-project aims to resolve the following critical issues:

 Inadequacy in Instantaneous Communication:
A key flaw noticed in the traditional messaging apps is that they provide limited
support to facilitate real-time communication. In addition to messaging facilities
offered by most of the apps, delays occur in delivering the message and thus causes
interference with conversations, giving users an unsatisfactory experience. In most such
scenarios, delays result from not getting fast replies when it's needed. This problem is
addressed by using Socket.IO, a library meant for real-time communication. The mini-
project will guarantee that messages are sent without delay, thus ensuring that users
have smooth and continuous interactions.

 Chaotic and Ambiguous User Interface:

A typical problem that most of the messaging applications suffer from is a
cluttered and messy UI. An interface which is confusing or poorly designed can even
make the users unable to use their messages, contacts, and settings in a proper way.
This may further result in them leaving the application or struggling with the
conversations they are in currently. This project aims to overcome this challenge by
using Bootstrap, a responsive and mobile-first framework, to design a clean, user-
friendly interface that adapts seamlessly to different screen sizes. The application
prioritizes an easy-to-navigate layout, clear visual cues, and a simple design, helping
users efficiently manage their chats and contacts.

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 Limit administration of chat histories:
Many chatting websites lack facilities in managing the log of conversations.
Users have problems finding specific messages, deleting previous conversations, or
getting their chat records organized in an orderly manner. In some cases, the websites
do not provide an adequate mechanism for the management of chat logs, thus giving
rise to dissatisfaction among the users. The project provides users with an ordered and
managed conversation log because the tools available for the deletion, searching, and
reviewing previous messages are user-friendly. This ensures the user remains fully in
control of the chat logs and allows maintaining secrecy or organizing conversations
based on wishes.

 Security and Privacy Concerns:

As messaging applications become the new essentials of transmitting sensitive
personal and professional information, apprehensions regarding security and privacy
have risen significantly. People are becoming more vigilant in the sense that their
messages may be intercepted or divulged to unauthorized parties. In this regard, the
mini-project includes state-of-the-art encryption techniques whereby the users can
protect their messages and their secrecy is retained. This application offers secure
channels of communication, thereby ensuring that all transmitted data remains
confidential and encrypted, thus eradicating any apprehension of data theft or misuse.

 User Authentication and Initiation of Chat:

In many messaging applications, the identification of users and establishing a
connection with other users is cumbersome and insecure. The lack of an effective and
safe user identification process, coupled with the failure to easily find and connect with
other users, has resulted in user dissatisfaction frequently. This project introduces an
authentication framework for users who ensure that only authenticated individuals are
allowed to log in, thus making the messaging environment secure. It also has a search
functionality that will allow users to easily find and start talking with others registered
on the site, thus making it more fluid and accessible to the user. By giving particular
importance to these critical areas of concern, this project proposes designing an intuitive
and seamless messaging interface through which people can enjoy and experience
secured and seamless conversations. The project aims for seamless messaging covering

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 instant messaging, interface enhancements, facilitation of provision of chat history
management tools, as well as significant security in the form of proper privacy.

By addressing these critical issues, this project seeks to create a messaging platform that
enhances the overall communication experience. From real-time messaging to intuitive UI
design, chat history management, and robust security features, this mini-project aims to
provide users with a seamless, secure, and user-friendly platform for messaging. It ensures a
smooth, uninterrupted communication experience while giving users full control over their
privacy and conversation history. Ultimately, this project seeks to offer a messaging solution
that not only meets but exceeds the expectations of modern-day users.

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 LITERATURE REVIEW

Author(s) Contribution Methodology Outcome

Vaishali Analysed the quantum Implemented quantum Successfully
Bhatia, K.R. computing techniques for computing using the demonstrated the RSA
Ramkumar breaking the RSA using qubits and the quantum breaking using Shor's
(2020) the Shor's Algorithm; gates; analysed various Algorithm with the
evaluated performance algorithms (Deutsch exponentially lower
based on the computation Jozsa, Grover's, Simon's, complexity; validated the
time, storage capacity, Shor's); also conducted implementation through
accuracy, confidentiality, comparative analysis Qiskit; proved quantum
efficiency with classical computing superiority in handling
using Qiskit the large number
factorization
Moolchand Developed the quantum- Implemented the end-to- Successfully created a
Sharma, Vikas resistant protocols for end encryption using the quantum-resistant
Choudhary, R. secure messaging and quantum-resistant messaging framework;
S. Bhatia, email communication; algorithms; developed demonstrated the
Sahil Malik proposed the novel end-to- very secure messaging enhanced security against
(2024) end encryption methods protocols; conducted a quantum attacks;
real-time communication achieved the practical
testing implementation of secure
communication protocols
Kapil Kumar Analysed the Analysed various Identified improvements
Soni. Akhtar cryptographic attack quantum computing in the quantum
Rasool possibilities on the RSA approaches; evaluated algorithms; provided
(2024) through classical and the algorithmic insights into the practical
quantum computation; improvements; studied quantum computing
conducted a the implementation applications
comprehensive challenges
vulnerability assessment

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Nene, M. and Implemented the Shor's Used MATLAB for the Successfully
Upadhyay, G. Algorithm for quantum implementation; analysed demonstrated the
(2016) factoring; provided quantum factoring practical implementation
practical implementation approaches; and of Shor's Algorithm;
insights evaluated performance identified the limitations
metrics with increasing value of
N; provided the
implementation
framework
Christoph Development of a Design and Creation of a future-
Döberl, quantum-resistant, end-to- implementation of proof communication
Manuela Kos, end secure messaging and quantum-resistant framework capable of
Wolfgang email communication cryptographic protocols withstanding quantum
Eibner, Florian system. to secure communication, attacks, enhancing the
Kutschera, ensuring protection security of messaging
Simon Gärtner, against quantum and email systems.
Sebastian computing threats.
Ramacher

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 REQUIREMENTS SPECIFICATION

The Messaging Application project is designed to provide secure, real-time communication

while addressing common issues faced by traditional messaging platforms, such as security
concerns, slow message delivery, and disorganized interfaces. Below is a detailed description
of both functional and non-functional requirements necessary for developing the system.

4.1 Functional Requirements

Functional requirements define the core features of the system that must be implemented to
meet user needs.

4.1.1 User Authentication

Description: The application must allow users to register, log in, and securely access their
accounts to initiate or participate in conversations.
Features:

 User Registration:
o Users must be able to register with a unique username and password.
o The password must be securely hashed using modern hashing algorithms (e.g.,
bcrypt).
o Input validation should ensure valid usernames (no spaces, no special
characters, and a minimum length).
 User Login:
o Users must log in using their registered username and password.
o The system should provide feedback on incorrect login attempts.
o Session management with a token-based system (JWT or sessions) to keep users
logged in across page reloads.
 Password Recovery:
o Users should be able to reset their passwords through email verification.
 Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) (Optional but recommended):
o Additional security layer via a second factor (SMS, Google Authenticator, or
email).

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4.1.2 Real-Time Messaging
Description: The application should facilitate seamless real-time communication between
users using Socket.IO.
Features:

 Instant Message Delivery:

o Messages should be delivered instantly with no more than a 1-second delay
(ideally). The application will use Socket.IO to enable real-time
communication between users.
o Both text and media messages (e.g., images, videos) should be supported.
 Typing Indicators:
o The application should display a "user is typing" indicator when the other user
is typing a message.
 Message Status:
o Each message should show the status (sent, delivered, read).
o The sender can know whether their message has been received or read by the
recipient.

4.1.3 Chat History Management

Description: The system must allow users to manage their chat histories for easy access and
control over past conversations.
Features:

 Viewing Chat History:

o The application should display all messages exchanged with a specific user in a
chat window.
o The user interface should allow easy scrolling to view older messages.
o Users should have the ability to load chat history incrementally, loading older
messages as they scroll up.
 Deleting Conversations:
o Users should be able to delete individual messages or entire conversations.
o Once deleted, the conversation or messages should be permanently removed
from both the server and the client.

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  Search Chat History:
o The application should include a search bar to allow users to search for specific
messages by keyword within a particular conversation.
o Search results should be highlighted and sorted by date and relevance.
 Archiving:
o Users should be able to archive old conversations, removing them from the main
list but keeping them accessible for future reference.

4.1.4 User Search and Chat Initiation

Description: The system should allow users to find other registered users and initiate new
conversations.
Features:

 Search for Users:

o Users should be able to search for other users by their usernames.
o The search results should be displayed in real-time as the user types.
 Start New Conversations:
o Users should be able to click on a search result to start a new chat with the
selected user.
o The user should be notified if they already have an active conversation with the
user they are trying to message.

4.1.5 Profile Management

Description: The application should allow users to customize their profiles and update
personal information.
Features:

 Profile Picture:
o Users should be able to upload and change their profile picture.
o Profile pictures should be automatically resized and cropped to fit the UI.
 Edit Username and Bio:
o Users should be able to edit their username (if allowed) and add a short bio.
 Account Settings:
o Users should have the ability to manage privacy settings (e.g., who can message
them, who can see their profile).
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 o Option to log out from all sessions or a specific device.

4.1.6 Chat Encryption

Description: The application must provide end-to-end encryption to ensure that only the sender
and recipient can read the messages.
Features:

 Encryption Protocol:
o Messages should be encrypted on the sender’s device before transmission and
decrypted on the recipient’s device.
o Encryption should be implemented using secure algorithms (e.g., AES, RSA).
 Encryption Toggle:
o Users should be able to enable or disable encryption for specific conversations
(based on user choice).
o The system should notify users if encryption is turned off.
 Encrypted Storage:
o Encrypted messages should be stored in the database so that even in the case of
data breach, the messages remain unreadable without the decryption key.

4.1.7 Notification System

Description: The system should notify users about new messages and important activities.
Features:

 Push Notifications:
o Push notifications should be sent to users when they receive a new message or
interaction (when the app is minimized or closed).
 In-App Notifications:
o The app should display a notification badge for unread messages on the main
chat screen.
o The system should allow users to mark notifications as read.

4.2. Non-Functional Requirements

Non-functional requirements define the system's performance, scalability, security, and other
qualities.

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4.2.1 Security
Description: The system must ensure the security and privacy of all data.
Features:

 Data Encryption:
o End-to-end encryption for all messages.
o Secure transmission of data using SSL/TLS.
 Authentication and Authorization:
o Only authenticated users should have access to their accounts.
o Role-based access control for users and admins.
 Protection Against Attacks:
o Prevent common attacks like Cross-Site Scripting (XSS), SQL Injection,
Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF).
o Regular security audits to identify and fix vulnerabilities.

4.2.2 Performance
Description: The system must handle a high number of concurrent users without
compromising performance.
Features:

 Real-Time Communication:
o Real-time messaging should have low latency (<1 second) under normal usage
conditions.
 Scalability:
o The system should scale to accommodate 1000+ concurrent users without
performance degradation.
o The backend should handle rapid increases in user load (via horizontal scaling
and load balancing).

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4.2.3 Usability
Description: The system must be user-friendly and easy to navigate.
Features:

 Responsive UI:
o The application must be responsive and work across devices (mobile, tablets,
desktops).
 Intuitive Design:
o Clear visual indicators for unread messages, typing status, etc.
o Easy-to-use settings for managing notifications, profile, and security.
 Accessibility:
o The app should follow accessibility guidelines (e.g., WCAG) for users with
disabilities.

4.2.4 Availability and Reliability

Description: The system must be highly available with minimal downtime.
Features:

 Uptime:
o The system should provide 99.9% uptime, ensuring that the app is available
nearly all the time.
 Redundancy:
o Use of database and server redundancy to ensure availability in case of failures.

4.2.5 Compatibility
Description: The system should be compatible with a wide range of devices and browsers.
Features:

 Cross-Browser Compatibility:
o The system must work seamlessly on modern browsers (Chrome, Firefox,
Safari, Edge).
 Mobile Platform Compatibility:
o Native apps for Android and iOS (optional but recommended for better user
experience).

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4.2.6 Maintainability
Description: The system must be easy to maintain, with clear code documentation and modular
architecture.
Features:

 Modular Architecture:
o The application’s codebase should be modular, enabling easy updates and
feature additions.
 Documentation:
o Detailed documentation for both the backend and frontend code.
o Documentation on how to deploy and maintain the system.

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 METHODOLOGY
5.1 Development Approach

The development of Q-Secure follows with an iterative and with an incremental development
approach, allowing for continuous refinement and the improvement of features. The
methodology has been structured into several key phases:

5.1.1 System Architecture

Q-Secure employs a client-server architecture with the following components:

 Frontend: Built using the Bootstrap framework for the responsive and the user-friendly
interface design.
 Backend: Implemented using the Flask framework for handling the server-side
operations.
 Database: Stores the user data, chat histories, and the encrypted messages.
 WebSocket Server: Socket.IO implementation for the real-time bidirectional
communication.

5.1.2 Technology Stack

The application utilizes the following technologies:

1. Backend Technologies:
o Flask: Python web framework for server-side development
o SQL Alchemy: ORM for database operations
o Socket.IO: For real-time bidirectional communication
o Bcrypt: For password hashing and security
2. Frontend Technologies:
o Bootstrap: For responsive UI design
o JavaScript: For client-side functionality
o HTML5/CSS3: For structure and styling
o Socket.IO Client: For real-time updates
3. Security Implementation:
o JWT (JSON Web Tokens): For secure authentication

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 o End-to-end encryption: For message security
o SSL/TLS: For secure data transmission

5.1.3 Development Process

The development process is divided into several phases:

1. Planning Phase:
o Requirements gathering and analysis
o System architecture design
o Database schema design
o UI/UX wireframing
2. Implementation Phase:
o Setting up development environment
o Database implementation
o Backend API development
o Frontend development
o Integration of real-time messaging
o Security implementation
3. Testing Phase:
o Unit testing of individual components
o Integration testing
o Security testing
o Performance testing
o User acceptance testing

5.1.4 Key Features Implementation

User Authentication System

 Implementation of secure registration and login

 Password hashing using Bcrypt
 Session management using JWT
 Two-factor authentication integration

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Real-time Messaging System

 Socket.IO server setup for bidirectional communication

 Message queue implementation for reliable delivery
 Real-time status updates (typing indicators, read receipts)
 Message encryption/decryption system

Chat History Management

 Database schema for message storage

 Message retrieval and pagination
 Chat deletion and archiving functionality
 Search functionality implementation

User Interface Development

 Responsive design implementation

 Chat window component development
 Contact list and search functionality
 Profile management interface

5.1.5 Security Measures

The security implementation follows these key principles:

1. Data Protection:
o End-to-end encryption of messages
o Secure storage of user credentials
o Protection against SQL injection and XSS attacks
2. Authentication Security:
o Multi-factor authentication
o Session management
o Password policies and validation
3. Communication Security:
o SSL/TLS encryption for data transmission

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 o WebSocket security
o API endpoint protection

5.1.6 Testing Methodology

The testing process includes:

1. Unit Testing:
o Testing individual components
o API endpoint testing
o Database operation testing
2. Integration Testing:
o Testing component interactions
o End-to-end testing of features
o Real-time communication testing
3. Security Testing:
o Penetration testing
o Vulnerability assessment
o Authentication testing
4. Performance Testing:
o Load testing
o Stress testing
o Response time testing

5.1.7 Deployment Strategy

The deployment process involves:

1. Environment Setup:
o Server configuration
o Database setup
o SSL certificate installation
2. Application Deployment:
o Code deployment

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 o Database migration
o Security configuration
3. Monitoring and Maintenance:
o Performance monitoring
o Error logging
o Regular security updates

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 ANALYSIS OF CLASSICAL RSA AND QUANTUM
FACTORIZATION IMPLEMENTATION

6.1. Classical RSA Foundation

Theory

The RSA cryptosystem's security is based on the computational difficulty of factoring large
composite numbers. The system requires two distinct prime numbers and relies on modular
arithmetic properties for key generation and encryption/decryption operations.

Key Generation Implementation

def generate_rsa_keys(n):
p = generate_prime(n) # Generate first prime
q = generate_prime(n) # Generate second prime
while p == q: # Ensure p and q are distinct
q = generate_prime(n)
N=p*q
phi = (p - 1) * (q - 1)
e = find_coprime(phi)
d = pow(e, -1, phi) # Modular multiplicative inverse
return (N, e), (N, d), p, q

The implementation showcases several critical security aspects:

 Generation of distinct primes through iteration

 Calculation of Euler's totient function (phi)
 Selection of coprime public exponent (e)
 Computation of private exponent (d) using modular inverse

Prime Number Generation

def generate_prime_candidate(digits):
lower_bound = 10 ** (digits - 1)
upper_bound = 10 ** digits
return random.randint(lower_bound, upper_bound) | 1

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This function employs optimization techniques:

 Generates numbers within specific digit constraints

 Uses bitwise OR to ensure odd numbers only
 Integrates with primality testing for validation

6.2. Quantum Factorization Components

Theoretical Background

Shor's algorithm provides a quantum approach to factoring large numbers exponentially faster
than classical methods. It utilizes quantum superposition and period finding through quantum
phase estimation.

Quantum Phase Estimation Implementation

def quantum_phase_estimation(a, N, num_qubits=5):
@qml.qnode(dev)
def circuit():
# Create quantum superposition
for i in range(num_qubits):
qml.Hadamard(wires=i)

# Apply controlled modular exponentiation

for i in range(num_qubits):
controlled_modular_exponentiation(a, N, i, target_wire=i)

# Apply Inverse QFT

inv_qft(range(num_qubits))
return qml.probs(wires=range(num_qubits))

probability_distribution = circuit()
return np.argmax(probability_distribution)

Key quantum operations include:

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  Hadamard gates for quantum superposition
 Controlled modular exponentiation
 Inverse Quantum Fourier Transform
 Probability measurement

Shor's Algorithm Core

def shors_factorization(N):
a = find_coprime(N)
r = quantum_phase_estimation(a, N)
if r is None or r % 2 != 0:
return None

x1 = pow(a, int(r) // 2, N)
if x1 == N - 1 or x1 == 1:
return None

f1 = math.gcd(x1 - 1, N)
f2 = math.gcd(x1 + 1, N)
factors = [factor for factor in (f1, f2) if factor != 1 and factor != N]

return factors if factors else None

The implementation demonstrates:

 Integration of quantum phase estimation

 Classical post-processing of quantum results
 Factor extraction using GCD calculations
 Error handling for failed factorization attempts

6.3. Performance Comparison Framework

Classical vs Quantum Approaches

The implementation includes both classical and quantum factorization methods to demonstrate
the theoretical quantum advantage:

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def classical_factorization(N):
for i in range(2, int(np.sqrt(N)) + 1):
if(add_delay):
simulate_classical_delay(i)
if N % i == 0:
return [i, N // i]
return []
python
Copy
def simulate_classical_delay(iterations):
for i in range(iterations):
_ = sum(itertools.islice(itertools.count(), i))
time.sleep(0.001)

Performance considerations include:

 Simulated workload for realistic comparison

 Timing measurements for both approaches
 Scalability analysis with increasing key sizes

6.4. Technical Implementation Details

Quantum Circuit Components

def controlled_modular_exponentiation(a, N, exponent, target_wire):

base = pow(a, 2 ** exponent, N)
qml.PhaseShift(2 * np.pi * base / N, wires=target_wire)

The quantum operations showcase:

 Phase encoding of modular arithmetic

 Quantum wire management
 Integration with PennyLane framework

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Security Considerations

1. Key Generation:
o Prime number size selection
o Coprime generation methodology
o Key pair validation
2. Quantum Resistance:
o Impact of quantum computing on RSA
o Scalability of quantum attacks
o Future security implications
o

6.5. Practical Applications and Limitations

Current Implementation Constraints

 Maximum tested prime number digits: 5

 Quantum simulation limitations
 Classical performance modelling

Future Improvements

1. Security Enhancements:
o Stronger prime generation
o Additional validation checks
o Padding scheme implementation
2. Performance Optimizations:
o Quantum circuit optimization
o Parallel processing implementation
o Qubit requirement reduction

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 TECHNICAL ANALYSIS

7.1 Core Implementation Details

7.1.1 Security Implementation:

1. Quantum-Safe Encryption Setup

from quantum_safe_encryption import QuantumSafeEncryption

# Initialize the encryption class

encryption = QuantumSafeEncryption(key_length=256)

# Generate a random key

key = encryption.generate_key()

2. Password Security

from werkzeug.security import generate_password_hash, check_password_hash

# During user registration

hashed_password = generate_password_hash(password)
cred_collection.insert_one({
"username": username,
"email": email,
"password": hashed_password
})

# During login verification

if user and check_password_hash(user["password"], password):
user_obj = User(str(user["_id"]), user["username"], user["email"])
login_user(user_obj)

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7.1.2 Real-Time Communication

1. Socket.IO Setup

from flask_socketio import SocketIO, join_room, leave_room, emit

socketio = SocketIO(app, cors_allowed_origins=[

"http://127.0.0.1:8000",
"http://192.168.0.214:8000",
"http://localhost:8000"
])

2. Message Handling

@socketio.on("send_message")
def handle_send_message(data):
receiver_id = data["receiver_id"]
content = data["content"]

# Encrypt message content

encrypted_message = encryption.encrypt(content, new_key)

# Create unique room for chat

current_user_id = str(current_user.id)
room_name = f"chat_{min(current_user_id, receiver_id)}_{max(current_user_id, receiver_id)}"

# Save message to database

new_message = {
"message_id": str(uuid.uuid4()),
"sender_id": current_user.id,
"receiver_id": ObjectId(receiver_id),
"content": encrypted_message,
"timestamp": datetime.datetime.now(datetime.timezone.utc)
}

25
7.1.3 User Authentication System

1. User Class Definition

class User(UserMixin):
def __init__(self, user_id, username, email):
self.id = user_id
self.username = username
self.email = email

def get_id(self):
return self.id

2. Authentication Management

login_manager = LoginManager()
login_manager.init_app(app)
login_manager.login_view = "login_page"

@login_manager.user_loader
def load_user(user_id):
user = cred_collection.find_one({"_id": ObjectId(user_id)})
if user:
return User(user["_id"], user["username"], user["email"])
return None

7.1.4 Message Management

1. Chat History Retrieval

@app.route("/get_chat/<chat_partner_id>", methods=["GET"])
@login_required
def get_chat(chat_partner_id):
messages = db.messages.find({
"$or": [
{"sender_id": current_user.id, "receiver_id": ObjectId(chat_partner_id)},
{"sender_id": ObjectId(chat_partner_id), "receiver_id": current_user.id}
]
}).sort("timestamp", 1)

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 message_list = []
for msg in messages:
message_list.append({
"message_id": msg["message_id"],
"sender_id": str(msg["sender_id"]),
"receiver_id": str(msg["receiver_id"]),
"content": encryption.decrypt(msg["content"], new_key),
"timestamp": msg["timestamp"].strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
})

2. Chat Deletion

@app.route("/delete_chat/<username>", methods=["POST"])
@login_required
def delete_chat(username):
user = db.credentials.find_one({"username": username})
if user:
chat_partner_id = str(user["_id"])
db.messages.delete_many({
"$or": [
{"sender_id": current_user.id, "receiver_id": ObjectId(chat_partner_id)},
{"sender_id": ObjectId(chat_partner_id), "receiver_id": current_user.id}
]
})

7.1.5 Security Features

1. Password Reset System

@app.route("/forgot_password", methods=["POST"])
def handle_forgot_password():
data = request.get_json()
email = data.get("email")
user = cred_collection.find_one({"email": email})
if user:
token = jwt.encode({
"email": email,
"exp": datetime.datetime.now(datetime.timezone.utc) + datetime.timedelta(hours=1)
}, app.config["SECRET_KEY"])

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 reset_link = url_for('reset_password_page', token=token, _external=True)
msg = Message(
"Password Reset Request",
sender=os.getenv("MAIL_USERNAME"),
recipients=[email]
)
msg.body = f"Please click the link to reset your password: {reset_link}"
mail.send(msg)

These code implementations demonstrate the core functionality of Q-Secure, including:

 Quantum-safe encryption for messages

 Real-time communication using Socket.IO
 Secure user authentication
 Message management and chat history
 Password security and reset functionality

7.2 Quantum-Safe Encryption Implementation

The project implements a theoretical quantum-safe encryption system designed specifically for
an academic setting. The implementation focuses on demonstrating fundamental encryption
concepts while maintaining simplicity and theoretical quantum resistance.

Core Implementation
class QuantumSafeEncryption:
def __init__(self, key_length=256):
self.key_length = key_length

def generate_key(self):
"""Generate a random key for encryption."""
return "".join(
random.choices(string.ascii_letters + string.digits, k=self.key_length)
)

def encrypt(self, plaintext, key):

"""Encrypt the message using a symmetric algorithm."""
if len(key) != self.key_length:

28
 raise ValueError(f"Key length must be {self.key_length}")
# Simple XOR encryption
encrypted_message = [
chr(ord(char) ^ ord(key[i % len(key)]))
for i, char in enumerate(plaintext)
]
encrypted_str = "".join(encrypted_message)
return base64.b64encode(encrypted_str.encode()).decode()

Key Features

1. One-Time Padding (OTP) Approach

o Implements a theoretical OTP system using XOR operations
o Fixed key length of 256 bits
o Keys are randomly generated using alphanumeric characters
2. Base64 Encoding
o Encrypted messages are encoded to Base64 format
o Ensures safe storage in MongoDB database
o Maintains data integrity during transmission
3. Symmetric Encryption
o Uses the same key for encryption and decryption
o XOR-based operation for both processes
o Key rotation mechanism for enhanced security

Design Rationale

1. Academic Focus
o Designed for educational purposes
o Demonstrates fundamental encryption concepts
o Balances simplicity with security features
2. Quantum Safety Considerations
o Theoretical resistance to quantum computing attacks
o Based on OTP principles
o Uses random key generation
3. Implementation Advantages

29
 o Simple and easy to understand
o Efficient implementation
o Suitable for demonstration purposes
o Clear encryption/decryption process

Technical Limitations

1. Key Management
o Fixed key length of 256 bits
o Limited to alphanumeric characters
o Requires secure key storage and transmission
2. Security Constraints
o XOR operation may not be optimal for large messages
o Simplified implementation for academic purposes
o Theoretical quantum safety
3. Practical Considerations
o Not recommended for production environments
o Designed for educational demonstration
o Limited cryptographic strength compared to industry standards

Implementation Process

1. Key Generation
o Random generation of 256-bit keys
o Uses Python's random module
o Alphanumeric character set
2. Encryption Process
o Message validation
o XOR operation with key
o Base64 encoding of result
3. Decryption Process
o Base64 decoding
o XOR operation with original key
o Message reconstructio

30
 DEMONSTRATION

1. Welcome/Landing Page: Shows an introduction to Q-Secure Chat, describing it as a

chat client using quantum-safe algorithms for encryption. Features listed include end-
to-end encryption, quantum-safe algorithms, secure message storage, and a user-
friendly interface. Options to Register or Login are provided.

2. Login Page: A standard login form with fields for username and password, plus links
to register for new users or recover forgotten passwords.

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3. Registration Page: A signup form with fields for username, email, and password, with
an option to login for existing users.

4. Password Recovery Page: A simple form to reset forgotten passwords by entering an

email address, with options to go back to login or register.

5. Empty Chat Interface: Shows the initial state of the chat application when a user has
no conversations yet, with a "Start a conversation!" prompt.

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6. Active Chat (1): Shows a chat between two users, with "varun" initiating a
conversation with "hey" and timestamps visible.

7. Active Chat (2): Displays a conversation between users, including messages like "hi!
how are you?" and discussions about weekend plans.

8. User Search: Shows a search interface listing usernames beginning with certain letters,
including "shreyas23" and "shreyas1234".

33
9. Chat Options Menu: Displays a dropdown menu in a chat window with options
including "Delete Chat for Both Users" and "Encryption Technique Used".

10. Message Data: Shows technical backend data of messages including message IDs,
sender/receiver IDs, content (which appears to be encrypted), and timestamps.

11. User Database: Displays user account information including usernames, email
addresses, and hashed passwords using pbkdf2 with SHA-256 for several users.

34
 CONCLUSION
The Q-Secure project represents a significant advancement in secure messaging applications,
successfully combining modern security protocols with user-friendly design principles. This
implementation demonstrates the feasibility of creating practical, quantum-resistant
communication systems while maintaining an intuitive user experience.

1. Key Achievements
Security Implementation

The project has successfully integrated multiple layers of security features:

 Implementation of quantum-safe encryption protocols for message security

 Robust user authentication system with secure password management
 End-to-end encryption for all communications
 Secure message storage and transmission protocols
 Protection against common security vulnerabilities

Technical Innovation

The technical architecture demonstrates several notable achievements:

 Successful integration of Flask backend with Bootstrap frontend

 Implementation of WebSocket technology through Socket.IO for real-time
communications.
 Development of a scalable database structure for efficient message storage
 Creation of comprehensive user management and authentication systems
 Integration of password recovery and security features

User Experience

The application successfully delivers on key user experience objectives:

 Intuitive and responsive interface design

 Real-time message delivery with minimal latency
 Comprehensive chat management features

35
  Efficient user search and contact management capabilities
 Seamless message synchronization across sessions

System Architecture

The project's architecture has been designed with several key considerations:

 Modular design allowing for easy maintenance and updates

 Scalable infrastructure capable of handling increasing user loads
 Robust error handling and system recovery mechanisms
 Efficient data management and storage systems

Future Implications

The success of the Q-Secure project has several important implications for the future of secure
communications:

1. Quantum Readiness: The implementation of quantum-safe encryption protocols

positions the application to maintain security integrity even as quantum computing
capabilities advance.
2. Scalability: The modular architecture provides a foundation for future expansion and
feature additions without compromising the core security framework.
3. User Adoption: The project demonstrates that highly secure communications can be
implemented without sacrificing user experience or interface simplicity.

Final Assessment

The Q-Secure project successfully bridges the gap between theoretical security concepts and
practical application, creating a messaging platform that not only meets current security
standards but also anticipates future challenges in the quantum computing era. Through careful
attention to both security and usability, the project demonstrates how modern chat applications
can maintain high security standards while providing an intuitive user experience.

While the current implementation serves as a proof of concept, it provides a solid foundation
for future enhancements and features. The success of this project shows that secure, quantum-

36
resistant communication systems are not only theoretically possible but can be practically
implemented in user-friendly applications.

The project's achievements in combining quantum-safe security measures with practical

usability make it a valuable contribution to the field of secure communications and provide a
framework for future developments in this area.

37
 REFERENCES

1) An Efficient Quantum Computing technique for cracking RSA using Shor’s Algorithm
2) Leveraging the power of quantum computing for breaking RSA encryption
3) Cryptographic Attack Possibilities over RSA Algorithm through Classical and Quantum
Computation
4) Quantum-resistant End-to-End Secure Messaging and Email Communication

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