NUMBER SYSTEM

NUMBER SYSTEM
Classification of Number system:
Numbers

Real numbers Imaginary numbers

Rational numbers Irrational numbers

Integers
Fractions

Positive integers Negative integers

Proper

Natural numbers Whole numbers Im proper

1.2.3.4……………… 0.1.2.3…………
Mixed
Even no’s: 2.4.6.8……

Odd no’s: 1.3.5.7…….

Prime no’s: 2,3,5,7,11…

Composite no’s:

4,6,8,9,10,………..
Real numbers:

Real numbers includes both rational and irrational numbers.

They are denoted by ‘R’.

Eg: π, √3, √5,√7, 3/5 , 6/7…………….

In Indian number system the ten symbols
0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 are used to write numerals(numbers).
Each of these is called a ‘digit’.

Rational numbers:
A number that can be expressed in the form of p/q, where
q≠0 and p,q are integers.
Eg: 1/3, 5/7 , 7/11 etc.

If sq. root of perfect squares gives a simple answers .so,

perfect square roots are Rational numbers.
Irrational numbers:

These are numbers which are not rational , they can’t be represented in
p/q form .

Eg: , √3, √13,√6,π…………

Π is an irrational numbers .
Note: If root of a number given continuous number after decimal.
Eg: √2= 1.414……., √3=1.732……

Integers:

A set consists of Whole numbers and negative natural numbers form the
set of integers. These
are denoted by ‘I’.
I ={………………….-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3,… }
Positive integers: {1,2,3,… }
Negative integers:{-1,-2,-3, }
‘0’is neither positive nor negative integer.
Natural numbers:
All counting numbers are called natural numbers. This
number set is denoted by ‘N’.
N={1,2,3,4,… }
All natural numbers are positive
1 is the least natural number
0 is not a natural number.

Whole numbers:
Natural numbers along with zero (0) are called whole
numbers. Whole number set is denoted by
‘W’.
W ={ 0,1,2,3,4,…….}
0 is the least whole number.
Every natural number is a whole number.
Whole numbers are also called as non-negative integers.
Note: Natural numbers are further classified into Even numbers, Odd
numbers, And Prime numbers, Composite numbers, Co- Prime Numbers.
The unit’s place of every even number is 0,2,4,6,8

Even numbers:
A counting number which is divisible by 2 is called an even number.

Eg: 2,4,6,8,… numbers:

Odd numbers:

A counting number which is not divisible by 2 is called an odd

number.
Eg: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9………n.

The unit’s place of every odd number is 1, 3,5,7,9.

Prime numbers:
A counting number is called prime number if it has exactly two factors 1
and itself.
Eg: 13 --> 1,13 17 ---> 1, 17 etc.
2 is an even prime number.

Composite numbers:
The natural numbers which are not prime are called composite numbers.
They must have at least one factor apart from ‘1’ and itself.
Co- primes:
Two natural numbers are said to be co primes , if their common
divisor is 1(H.C.F=1)
Eg: 1. (7,9) ; (15,16)/…………
Co primes may or may not be prime.
Every pair of prime numbers is co- prime.
 Face value:

The face value of the digit is the value of the digit itself irrespective of its
place in the number. Eg: what is the face value of 7 in the number
8546721
Ans: the face value of 7 is 7 itself in the answer.

Place value (or) Local value :

any number the place value or local value of a digit changes according to
the place as in the Given number 584725 the following are the place
values assigned .
Eg: 51000000th 8100000th place 410000th place 71000th place 2100place
510th place According to the place values the numbers are multiplied by
the place values to get the required value.

Eg: What is the place value for 7 in the number 742572

The place value for 7 in 10’s place is 7x 10 = 70
The place value for 7 in 1lakh place is 7x100000 = 700000 Total =700070
 DIVISIBILITY RULES
Divisibility by 2: The last digit of a number is either’ 0’ or even , then it is divisible
by 2.

Eg: 26, 32, 40, 78 etc

Divisibility by 4: A number is divisible by 4 if the last two digits are divisible by 4 .

Eg: 624-24 is divisible by 4 then 624 is divisible by 4.

62032 - 32 is divisible by 4 then 62032 is divisible by 4.

Divisibility by 8: A number is divisible by 8 if the last 3 digits are divisible by 8.

Eg: 4328- 328 is divisible by 8

Divisibility by 16: A number is divisible by 16 if the last 4 digits are divisible by 16.
Eg: 99936 last 4 digits are divisible by 16 so the number 99936 is divisible by 16
Divisibility by 3 and 9 :

When the sum of digits of a number is

divisible by 3 and 9 then those are divisible
by 3 and 9.

Eg: 723 - 7+2+3= 12 divisible by 3

729- 7+2+9= 18 divisible by 3 and 9

Divisibility by 5 :
A number is divisible by 5 if it has either ‘0’ or
‘5’ in its units digits place.

Eg: 520, 625, 325…etc.

Divisibility by 10 :
A number ends with ‘0’ then it is divisible by
10 .

Eg: 200, 4000, 50000 etc

Divisibility by 6 (3x2): A number which is divisible by both 2 and 3 then it is

divisible by 6. Eg: 5412 last digit is 2 so number is divisible by 2

5412 5+4+1+2 =12 is divisible by 3.
So, 5412 is divisible by 6.
Divisibility by 12 (4x3):
A number which is divisible by both 4 and 3 is also divisible by 12.
Eg: 10944 : 44 is divisible by 4
10944: 1+0+9+4+4 = 18 is divisible by 3
So, 10944 is divisible by 12
Divisibility by14(7x2):

A number which is divisible by both 7 and 2 is also divisible by 14. Eg: 672: as the

last digit is 2 so the number is divisible by 2

And the unit place number 2 is multiplied by 2(Multiple factor) (2x2)= 4,

remaining number is 67, now 67-4= 63, now 63/7= 9 so the number 672 is divisible

by 7 also
672 is divisible by 14
 Divisibility by 15(5x3) :
A number which is divisible by both 3 and 5 then it is divisible by 15

Eg: 1725 25 is divisible y 5

1725 1+7+2+5 = 15 is divisible by 3
So, 1725 is divisible by 15

Divisibility by 18:
A number which is divisible by both 9 and 2 is also divisible by 18.
Eg: 48942 as the unit digit is 2 so the number is divisible by 2

48942: 4+8+9+4+2 = 27 is divisible by 9 because the sum of the digits give the value 27, which
is
divisible by 9 so the number 48942 is divisible by 18.
Divisibility by 7:
A number is divisible by 7 when the difference between twice the digit at once
place and the number formed by other digits is either ‘0’ or multiple of 7.
Eg: 658 - 65-(2x8)
65-16 =49 is a multiple of 7
So, 658 is divisible by 7
Divisibility by 13:

A number is divisible by 13 when the Addition between 4times the digit at once
place and the number formed by other digits is divisible by 13 then the number is
divisible by 13.

Eg: 962 Now (2x4) = 8,

remaining number is 96,
Add 96+8 = 104 so this number is divisible by 13 so the number 962 is divisible by
13

Divisibility by 17:

A number is divisible by 17 when the difference between 5times the digit at once
place and the number formed by other digits is divisible by 17 then the number is
divisible by 17.

Eg 1377, Now(7x5)=35,
difference between rem number (137-35)=102,
so the number 102 is divisible by 17 so the number 1377 is divisible by 17
Divisibility by 19:

A number is divisible by 19 when the Addition between twice the digit at once
place and the number formed by other digits is divisible by 19 then the number is
divisible by 19.
Eg: 684 in this example (4x2) =8 Now (68+8) =76
76/19=4
as the number 76 is divisible by 19 so the number 684 is divisible by 19

Divisibility by 11 :
A number is divisible by 11 if the difference between sum of digits at odd
places and the sum of the digits at even places is either ‘0’ or multiple of 11.

Eg: 2865423 –

Odd places: 3+4+6+2= 15

Even places: 2+5+8 = 15

15-15=0 is divisible by 11
Divisibility by 25:
A number is divisible by 25 when its last two digits are either ‘0’ or
divisible by
25.Eg: 500, 1725, 13550…….etc

Divisibility by 20:

A number is said to be divisible by 20 if the last two digits are 1stly

divisible by 10 and then check the last two digits are divisible by 20
then the number is divisible by 20.

Eg : 2880 1st check 2880 is divisible by 10, yes it is divisible by 10

2nd check 2880 is divisible by 20, yes, it is divisible by 20 so
the number is divisible by 20.
Check a number is prime or not
UNIT DIGIT OF AN EXPRESSION
Perfect number:
A number is said to be perfect number if the sum of all its factors
(excluding itself )is equal to the number itself
Example:6. what are the factors of 6=1,2,3,6
1 + 2 + 3 = 6.
Note points:

(xm -am) is divisible by (x-a) for all the value of m

(xm -am) is divisible by (x+a) for the value of m is even

(xm + am) is divisible by (x+a) for the value of m is odd

Eg1. 42n - 62n is divisible by

a) 4n - 6n b) (4n - 6n) c) (4n + 6n ) d) 4n d)6n
let n = 1 as the question is in the form of (xm -am) and the value of the m
is even so 42n - 62n is divisible by option b

Eg 2. 217 - 197 is divisible by which of the following

a) 21 b)19 c) 2 d) 21+19
as the question is in the form of (xm -am) where the power m is an odd
number so the number is divisible by 21-19 which is 2
to find answer the formulae
= the sum of the series of (1 + 3 +5+ ……..+99) – the sum of the series (
1+3+5+……+27) ………..eq 1

where 1 is the 1st term of the series given series (29+31+……+99)

99 is the last term of the series given series
1 is the first term of the series given series
27 is the before odd number as per the series

By solving the equation 1 we get the ans for the sum of the series
(29+31+……+99)
∴ now the series is odd number series (1 + 3 +5+ ……..+99)
So n = (99+1)/2 = 50
Sum of 1st 99 series = (50)2 where n = 50
= 2500
Now for second series ( 1+3+5+……+27) n= (27+1)/2 = 28/2 = 14
Now the sum of the 2nd series = (14)2 = 196
Now the difference of both the values 2500 – 196 = 2304
Remainder Rules:
Rule 1:
When a same number is
divided by two different divisors (one
divisor is multiple of other divisor)
and the remainder for the greater divisor
is known , then this rule is used to find
the remainder for smaller divisor
let the smaller divisor = y, greater divisor
will be =ky, remainder for greater diviso
=R
Case 1
If R > y then the remainder for
smaller divisor y = remainder of
(R÷y)
Case 2
If R<y ,then remainder for smaller
divisor = remainder for greater
divisor = R
Ex. Eg:1 if a number is divided by 846 the
remainder is 23(R) what will be the
remainder if it is divided by i)18 ii)94

i) as 23>18 so by dividing 23/18 the

remainder is 5
Which is the answer.
ii) As 23 <94 so the remainder for smaller
divisor is = remainder for greater divisor =
23
Rule 2 :

if Two different numbers a , b are

divided by same divisor ‘d’ leaves a
remainders r1, r2 respectively , then their
sum a+b is divided by same divisor “d”
then the remainder R = (r1+r2)-d
Note:-
if R becomes negative in the above
equation ,
then the required remainder = sum
of remainders
Eg2:
if two different numbers which are
divisible by 47 leaves remainders 15
and 39 and their sum divided by 47
then find the remainder

R = (15+39) – 47 = 54-47 = 7
Rule 3:
if a given number is divided
successively by the different factors of the
divisor leaving remainders r1 , r2 , r3
respectively , then the true remainder
(i.e. remainder when the number is
divided by the divisor ) can be obtained
by using the following formula
True remainder = r1 +(r2xd1)+(r3xd1xd2)
 Eg3:
If a number being divide by 5, 7, 11 and
leaves a remainder 3,1,2 find the
remainder if the same number is divided
by 385.

75 5 7 11 2*7 = 14, 14+1 =15, 15*5 = 75, 75+3 = 78

+ x + 14 x above steps to be followed
3 1 2
…………15…………….
78
Rule:-4
When two numbers , after being
divided by the same divisor leave the
same remainder , then the difference of
those two numbers must be exactly
divisible by the same divisor.

Ex:- Two numbers 147 and 225 , after being

divided by a 2 digit number , leave the
same remainder find the divisor?
 difference of 147 and 225 must be perfectly
divisible by the divisor
The difference =225 -147 =78
78 = 13 x 2 x 3
1 digit divisor = 2,3 &6
2 digit divisor =13x2, 13x3 , 13x2x3 ,13
The possible divisors are 26 ,39 ,13 ,78
Rule :-5
When (x+1)^n is divided by x the
remainder is always 1, where x and
n are natural numbers

Ex:- what will be the remainder when (17)^21

is divisible by 16?

17^21 = (16+1)^21
When (16+1)^21 is divided by 16 the
remainder is 1
Rule :- 6
When (x-1)^n is divisible by x, then the
remainder is 1 when n is an even natural
number
but the remainder is (x-1), when n is an
odd natural number.
Ex :- what will be the remainder when 29^75 is
divisible by 30?

29^75 = (30-1)^75 here index =75 (odd)

so the remainder is x-1 =30-1 =29
1. How much water must be added to a bucket
which contains 40 liters of milk at the cost
price ofRs.3.50 per liter so that the cost of
milk reduces to Rs.2 per liter?
A. 25 lits B. 28 lits C. 30 lits D. 35 lits
Explanation:

Total cost price = Rs (40 x 7/2) = Rs. 140

Cost per litre = Rs. 2

Total quantity = 140 / 2 = 70 Litres
Water to be added = (70 - 40) = 30 Litres
2. What should be the maximum value of Q in the following equation?
5P9 – 7Q2 + 9R6 = 823
Options:
a) 5
b) 6
c) 7
d) 9
11
5P9
+9R6
- 7Q2
823

Therefore, the equation becomes:

1 + P + R - Q = 12
P + R - Q = 11

Giving the maximum values to P and R, i.e., P = 9 and R = 9, we get Q = 7.

3. A girl multiplies 987 by a certain number and
obtains 559981 as her answer. If in the answer, both
9’s are wrong but the other digits are correct, then the
correct answer will be:

A) 553681
B) 555181
C) 555681
D) 556581
987 = 3 x 7 x 47

So, the required number must be divisible by each one of 3, 7, and 47.

553681 and 555181 are not divisible by 3. While 556581 is not divisible by 7.

Correct answer is 555681.

4. 1191 + 1193 + 1190 is completely divisible by
which of the following number?
a)1331 b) 1343 c) 1234 d) 1342
Calculation:

Given that,

1191 + 1193 + 1190

=1190(11 + 113 + 1)

= 1190(11 + 1331 + 1)

=1190 × 1343

:: 1191 + 1193 + 1190 is completely divisible by 1343.

5. The number of ways in which a cricket team
of 11 players can be chosen out of a batch
of 15 players so that the captain of the
team is always included, is
a) 165 b) 364 c) 1001 d) 1365
Total number of selections of 11 players out of 15 players, including the captain:

= 14C10 = 14! / (10! * 4!)

= (14 * 13 * 12 * 11) / (1 * 2 * 3 * 4)

= 1001

Hence, option C is correct.

6. Three numbers are chosen at random from
numbers 1 to 15. The probability that
they are consecutive is
a) 1/15 b) 2/25 c) 1/35 d )1/30
Hint: Given that three numbers are chosen from 1 to 15.
Therefore, the total number of ways of selecting 3 numbers from 15 numbers is
15C3.

Now, find the number of outcomes where 3 numbers are consecutive. Therefore,
the required probability will be:

Probability =
(Number of outcomes where three numbers are consecutive) / (Total number of
ways of choosing three numbers from 1 to 15)
Complete step-by-step answer:
Given that three numbers are chosen from 1 to 15. The total number of ways of
selecting 3 numbers from 15 numbers is:
15C3

Using the formula

nCr = n! / (r! * (n−r)!) we get:
15! / (3! * 12!)

On simplification we get:
(15 * 14 * 13) / (3 * 2 * 1) = 455
Now we have to find the probability that the three numbers are consecutive. Therefore, the
favorable outcomes are {(1,2,3), (2,3,4), ..., (13,14,15)}. Hence, there are 13 possible
outcomes.

Now, probability of an event happening = p(E) = Number of ways it can happen / Total
number of outcomes = n(E) / n(S).

Therefore, the required probability is:

13 / 455

Simplifying, we get:
1 / 35

Hence, the probability is 1/35.

7. 4 61 + 462 + 463 + 464 + 465 is divisible by :
a) 3 b) 5 c) 7 d) 11
Calculation:
=461 (1 + 4 + 42 + 43 + 44)
461 (1 + 4 + 16 + 64 + 256)
= 461 (341)
= 461 (11 x 31)
The above number is a multiple of 11.

:: It is divisible by 11.
8. N = 1^1 × 2^2 × 3^3 × 4^4 × .........× 10^10, if
N = k ×15^n where k and n are positive
integers, what is the maximum value of n?
a) 5 b) 10 c) 13 d) 15
Calculation:

N = 11 x 22 x 33 x 44 x ..... x 1010
15 = 3 x 5
= To form a 15, a 3 and 5 is needed.
3s will be given by 33 and 66 and 99.
Total available 3s = 3 + 6 + 2 x 9 (: 9 is 3 x 3, will give two 3s)
=27
Similarly, 5s will be given by 55 and 1010.
Total 5s is 15., least among 27 and 15 is 15.
So Fifteen 15 can be created.
. N = k x 1515
9. What is the least number, which
leaves the remainder 2 on
dividing by numbers 7, 11, 14,
21, and 22?
a) 364 b) 674 c) 564 d) 464
Given:

A number leaves the remainder 2 on dividing by the numbers 7, 11, 14, 21, and 22.

Concept used:

Least number which leaves the same remainder on dividing a, b, c, d, and e = LCM of
(a, b, c, d, and e) + Remainder

Calculation:

LCM of 7, 11, 14, 21, and 22 = 462

Required number = LCM of 7, 11, 14, 21, and 22 + remainder

Required number = 462 + 2 = 464

So, the required number is 464.

10. If 98A89B is divisible by 48, then what is the
value of A + B?
a) 8 b) 15 c) 9 d) 10
Concept used:

The number is divisible by 16 if the last 4 digit is divisible by 16 or thousands digit is an

even
number and the last three digits are divisible by 8.
Calculation:
According to the question,
= The number 98A89B is divisible by 8 if the last three-digit 89B is divisible by 8 and 89B is
divisible by 8 if B = 6.
= The number is divisible by 16 if A is an even number so A = 2, 4, 6 or 8.
A number will be divisible by 3 if sum of the number is also divisible by 3.
= 9 + 8 + A + 8 + 9 + B = 9 + 8 + A + 8 + 9 + 6 = 40 + A
A = 2, 8 will satisfy the condition for divisibility by 3.
= A + B = 2 + 6 = 8, A + B = 8 + 6 = 14
Since only 8 in the given options.
:. A+ B=8
11. If the price of 2 pens, 4 notebooks, 3 books
and 7 erasers is Rs. 1124 and the price of
4 pens and 8 notebook is Rs. 972 and the
price of 3 books and 4 eraser is Rs. 338.
What is the price of one eraser?
a) 200 b) 175 c) 100 d) 300
Option 3 : Rs. 100
Calculation:
Denoting Pens as P, Notebook as N, Books as B and eraser as E
Now, A/Q
2 P + 4 N + 3 B + 7 E = Rs. 1124 ----(1)
4 P + 8 N = Rs. 972 ----(2)
3 B + 4 E = Rs. 338 ----(3)
From eq (2), 2 P + 4 N = 486 ----(4)
Adding eq (3) and eq (4)
2 P + 4 N + 3 B + 4 E = 486 + 338 = 824 ----(5)
Subtracting eq (5) from eq (1) we get,
3 E = 1124 - 824
⇒ 3 E = 300
⇒ E = 100
∴ The price of one eraser is Rs. 100
12. What is the number of triangles that can be
formed by choosing the vertices from a
set of 12 points in a plane, seven of which
lie on the same straight line?
a) 185 b) 175 c) 115 d) 105
Triangles can be formed by joining three non-collinear points.

We can form triangles by choosing any 3 points from the given 12 points.

However, as there are 7 points lying on a straight line, we need to subtract the number of
triangles formed by joining these collinear points.

The total number of ways of selecting any 3 points is given by 12C3.

Therefore, the required number of triangles = 12C3 - 7C3 = 220 - 35 = 185.

13. If a seven-digit number 5a7150b is divisible
by 88, then find the value of 2a - 3b.
a) 6 b) 8 c) 10 d) 12
Given:
5a7150b is divisible by 88
Concept used:
Divisibility rule of 8: A number is divisible by 8 if the last three digits of the
number are divisible by 8.
Divisibility rule of 11: A number is divisible by 11 if the difference of the sum
of digits at even places and the sum of digits at odd places is either 0 or a
multiple of 11.
If a number is divisible by 88, then it will be divisible by 8 and 11.
Calculations:
Checking the divisibility of 8:
Last three digits of the number = 50b
50b is divisible by 8 if b = 4
Sum of the digits at the odd places = b + 5 + 7 + 5
4 + 5 + 7 + 5 = 21
Checking the divisibility of 11:
Sum of the digits at the even places = 0 + 1 + a
=a+1
Difference of even and odd places digits sum = 21 - (a + 1)
= 20 - a
(20 - a) will give a multiple of 11 if (20 - a) = 11
a = 20 - 11
a=9
Putting the values of a and b,
2a - 3b = 2 × 9 - 3 × 4
= 18 - 12
=6
Therefore, the value of 2a - 3b is 6.
14. The product of all factors of a number N is
equal to the number raised to the power
four. If N is less than 100, then find the
number of possible values of N?
a) 10 b) 7 c) 4 d) 1
Now the possible values of N less than 100 are:

= (23 × 3), (23 × 5), (23 × 7), (23 × 11), (33 × 2), (2 × 3 × 5), (2 × 3 × 7), (2 × 3 × 11),
(2 × 3 × 13), (2 × 5 × 7)

i.e., a total of 10 values.

Hence the correct option is 1, i.e., 10.

15. 3 11 + 3 12 + 3 13 + 3 14 is not divisible by
____
a) 7 b) 12 c) 8 d) 10
Calculation:

3^11 + 3^12 + 3^13 + 3^14

3^11 + 3^11 × 3^1 + 3^11 × 3^2 × 3^11 × 3^3

= 3^11(1 + 3^1 + 3^2 + 3^3)

= 40 × 3^11

Clearly, 40 × 3^11 is not divisible by 7.

Calculation:

The product of all the factors of a natural

number N with x-factors is N(X/2).

As per the given condition N(X/2) = N4 =

N(8/2), x = 8

Therefore, the number of factors of N = 8.

Now 8 can be expressed as 1 × 8 or 2 × 4 or 2

× 2 × 2.

N = 1 × 8 = a7
N = 2 × 4 = a × b3
N=2×2×2=a×b×c

Where a, b, c are prime numbers.

Correct Answer - Option 4: 9 × 10^3

Concept used: The number of numbers between any two numbers = (last
number - first number) + 1

Calculation:
The 4-digit numbers are 1000, 1001, 1002, ..., 9999.
Here, the number of numbers between 1000 and 9999 = (9999 - 1000) + 1
⇒ 8999 + 1
⇒ 9000
⇒ 9 × 1000
⇒ 9 × 10^3

Therefore, the possible values of N is 9 × 10^3.

16. If N is a 4-digit number, then how many
values of N are possible?
a) 9×10 2 b) 9 × 10 4 c) 9 × 10 1 d) 9 × 103
17. Stamps in denominations of Rs. 7, Rs. 8 and
Rs. 10 are available in a post office. What
is the amount with which these tickets
cannot be bought?
a) 19 b) 20 c) 23 d) 29
Correct Answer - Option 1: 19

Calculation:
According to the option,
Rs. 29 = 3(Rs. 7 stamp) + 1(Rs. 8 stamp)
Rs. 23 = 1(Rs. 7 stamp) + 2(Rs. 8 stamp)
Rs. 20 = 2(Rs. 10 stamp)

Clearly, we can see, for Rs. 19 one cannot buy

any stamps.

∴ The required answer will be 19.

18. When a two-digit number is multiplied by the
sum of its digits, the product is 913.
When the number obtained by interchanging
its digits is multiplied by the sum of the
digits, the result is 418. The difference of the
digits of the given number is:
a) 4 b) 6 c) 7 d) 5
Answer: a=8, b=3
Step-by-step explanation:
To find: two numbers
Assuming the two numbers as a and b.
According to the question:
10a+b = 83
a+10b = 38
(10a+b) x (a+b) = 913. (equation 1)
(10b+a) x (a+b) = 418. (equation 2)
Solving the two equations, i.e., equation 1 and
2:
(10a+b)/(10b+a) = 913/418
(10a+b)/(10b+a) = 83/38
83 is a prime number which cannot be divided
further. Hence, 83 will be the number and the
subsequent sum will be 11:
= 83 x 11 = 913
= 38 x 11 = 418
So, the difference of digits 8 and 3 = 8-3 = 5.
19. For what least value of x, the number
203x88 is divisible by 36
a) 4 b) 6 c) 3 d) 2
We are given a number, 203x88.

If a number is divisible by 36, it should also be divisible by 4 and 9.

Divisibility rule of 4: A number is divisible by 4 if the last two digits are

divisible by 4.
Last two digit number: 88, which is divisible by 4.

Divisibility rule of 9: A number is divisible by 9 if the sum of all digits of the

number is divisible by 9.
Sum of digits = 2 + 0 + 3 + 8 + 8 + x = 21 + x.

Smallest number closer to 21 = 27.

21 + x = 27
x = 27 - 21
x=6

Hence, the least value of x = 6.

20. How many of the following numbers are
divisible by 132?
264, 396, 462, 792, 968, 2178, 5184, 6336
a)4 b) 5 c) 7 d)6
Here, 3, 4, and 11 are pairwise coprime numbers.
132 = 3 x 4 x 11. Also, 3, 4, and 11 are factors of 132. Hence, if a number is divisible by 3, 4,
and 11, the number will be divisible by their product 132 also.
If a number is not divisible by 3 or 4 or 11, it is not divisible by 132.

264 is divisible by 3, 4, and 11; So, 264 is divisible by 132

396 is divisible by 3, 4, and 11; So, 396 is divisible by 132
462 is divisible by 3 and 11, but not divisible by 4; So, 462 is not divisible by 132
792 is divisible by 3, 4, and 11; So, 792 is divisible by 132
968 is divisible by 4 and 11, but not divisible by 3; So, 968 is not divisible by 132
2178 is divisible by 3 and 11, but not divisible by 4; So, 2178 is not divisible by 132
5184 is divisible by 3 and 4, but not divisible by 11; So, 5184 is not divisible by 132
6336 is divisible by 3, 4, and 11; So, 6336 is divisible by 132

Hence, only 264, 396, 792, and 6336 are divisible by 132. So the answer is 4.