DEPT OF ECE MICROPROCESSORS & MICROCONTROLLERS LAB
INTRODUCTION TO MASM
1. Switch on the computer.
2. Select “start-> run” button.
3. Type “cmd” & click ok.
4. Press alt+enter to get full screen.
5. Type cd.. & press “enter” button.
6. Repeat step 4.
7. Type ” cd MASM (or) Term 86E” & press enter button.
8. Type “edit” & press “enter” button
9. Type the program & select “file ->save as”
10. Save the file with an exetension “.asm”,(ex1.asm)
11. Select “file->exit”
12. Type the command “MASM (or) Term 86E programname.asm” & press enter 4 times.
13. Check if any errors / warnings are there in ur program ..if any errors are there
modify the program by giving the command ”edit programname.asm”
14. Again save the program.
15. Repeat step 12 until u get 0 errors & 0 warnings.
16. Then type the command “link programname.obj” (ex1.obj) & press enter 4 times
17. Then type the command “debug programname.exe”(ex1.exe) & press enter.
18. Give the command ” u “ to note the address & opcode of program.
19. Give the command ” t“ to check the registers update after each & every
instruction execution, repeat this process until the program ends.
20. If the RESULT is in memory location give the command “d ds:0000”
21. To quit from debugging mode type the command “q”
22. Repeat the same process from step 8 to execute the next program.
DEPT OF ECE MICROPROCESSORS & MICROCONTROLLERS LAB
1. PROGRAMS FOR 16 BIT ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS
(Using various addressing modes)
A. ADDITION & SUBTRACTION
Aim: To Write an Assembly Language Program to perform addition & subtract two
16-Bit Numbers.
Apparatus:
Software: MASM (or) TERM 86E
Hardware: PC, Key Board/ 8086 Trainer Kit, R.P.S
Program:
Address Opcode Label Mnemonics Operands Comments
ASSUME CS:CODE, DS:
DATA DATA SEGMENT
X DW 4521H
Y DW 1324H
Z DW ?
DATA ENDS
CODE SEGMENT
START: MOV AX,DATA ;Copy Data Segment Starting
Address into AX Register
MOV DS,AX ;Copy the Content of AX into DS
MOV AX,X ;Copy the Contents of X into
AX Register.
MOV BX,Y ;Copy the Contents of Y into
BX Register.
ADD AX, BX ;Add the Contents of AX with
BX.
MOV Z,AX ;Copy the Contents of AX into
memory location pointed by Z.
INT 21H ;Return to DOS Prompt.
CODE
ENDS
END
START
Input: AX = 4521H, BX=1324H
Output: AX = 5645H
DEPT OF ECE MICROPROCESSORS & MICROCONTROLLERS LAB
Subtraction Program:
Adress Opcode Label Mnemonics Operands Comments
ASSUME CS:CODE, DS:
DATA DATA SEGMENT
X DW 4521H
Y DW 1324H
Z DW ?
DATA
ENDS
CODE SEGMENT
START MOV AX,DATA ;Copy Data Segment Starting
Address into AX Register
:
MOV DS,AX ;Copy the Content of AX into
DS
MOV AX,X ;Copy the Contents of X
into AX Register.
MOV BX,Y ;Copy the Contents of Y
into BX Register.
SUB AX, BX ;Subtract the Contents of AX
with BX.
MOV Z,AX ;Copy the Contents of AX
into memory location
pointed by Z.
INT 21H ;Return to DOS Prompt.
CODE
ENDS
END
START
Input: AX = 4521H, BX=1324H
Output: AX = 31FDH
RESULT: The Assembly Language Program to add & subtract two 16-bit numbers
was successfully executed.
DEPT OF ECE MICROPROCESSORS & MICROCONTROLLERS LAB
B. 16-BIT UNSIGNED & SIGNED MULTIPICATION & DIVISION
Aim: To Write an Assembly Language Program to Perform Multiplication and
Division of signed and unsigned Hexadecimal numbers.
Apparatus:
Software: MASM (or) TERM 86E
Hardware: PC, Key Board, 8086 Trainer Kit, R.P.S
Unsigned Multiplication Program:
Address Opcode Label Mnemoni Operands Comments
cs
ASSUME CS:CODE, DS:
DATA DATA SEGMENT
X DW 4521H
Y DW 1324H
Z DW ?
DATA
ENDS
CODE SEGMENT
START: MOV AX,DATA ;Copy Data Segment Starting
Address into AX Register
MOV DS,AX ;Copy the Content of AX into DS
MOV AX,X ;Copy the Contents of X into AX
Register.
MOV BX,Y ;Copy the Contents of Y into BX
Register.
MUL BX ;Multiply the Contents of AX with
BX.
MOV SI, OFFSET Z ;Copy the Address pointed by Z into
SI.
MOV [SI],AX ;Copy the Contents of AX into
Memory location pointed by SI.
ADD SI,02H ;Add 02 to SI Register.
MOV [SI],DX ;Copy the Contents of DX into
memory location pointed by SI.
INT 21H ;Return to DOS Prompt.
CODE
ENDS END
START
DEPT OF ECE MICROPROCESSORS & MICROCONTROLLERS LAB
Input: AX = 4521H, BX=1324H
Output: DX = 052BH & AX = 2BA4H (Multiplication Of 4521H * 1324H = 052B2BA4 H)
DEPT OF ECE MICROPROCESSORS & MICROCONTROLLERS LAB
UNSIGNED DIVISION Program:
Address Opcode Label Mnemonics Operands Comments
ASSUME CS:CODE, DS:
DATA DATA SEGMENT
X DW 4521H
Y DW 1324H
Z DW ?
DATA
ENDS
CODE SEGMENT
START ;Copy Data Segment
Starting Address into AX
: MOV AX,DATA Register
MOV DS,AX ;Copy the Content of AX into
DS
MOV AX,X ;Copy the Contents of X
into AX Register.
MOV BX,Y ;Copy the Contents of Y
into BX Register.
DIV BX ;Divide the Contents of AX
with BX.
MOV SI, OFFSET ;Copy the Address pointed by
Z Z into SI.
MOV [SI],AX ;Copy the Contents of AX
into Memory location
pointed by SI.
ADD SI,02H ;Add 02 to SI Register.
MOV [SI],DX ;Copy the Contents of DX
into memory location pointed
by SI.
INT 21H ;Return to DOS Prompt.
CODE
ENDS
END
START
Input: AX = 4521H, BX=1324H
Output: DX = 0BB5H (Remainder) & AX = 0003H (Quotient)
DEPT OF ECE MICROPROCESSORS & MICROCONTROLLERS LAB
SIGNED MULTIPLICATION Program:
Address Opcode Label Mnemonics Operands Comments
ASSUME CS:CODE,
DS: DATA
DATA SEGMENT
X DW 4521H
Y DW 1324H
Z DW ?
DATA
ENDS
CODE SEGMENT
START: MOV AX,DATA ;Copy Data Segment Starting
Address into AX Register
MOV DS,AX ;Copy the Content of AX into
DS
XOR AX,AX ;Clear Contents of AX Register.
MOV AX,X ;Copy the Contents of X into
AX Register.
MOV BX,Y ;Copy the Contents of Y into
BX Register.
NEG BX ;Perform 2’s Complement of BX.
CWD ;Convert Word into Double
Word
IMUL BX ;Multiply the Contents of AX
with BX Including Sign.
MOV SI, OFFSET Z ;Copy the Address pointed by Z
into SI.
MOV [SI],AX ;Copy the Contents of AX into
Memory location pointed by SI.
ADD SI,02H ;Add 02 to SI Register.
MOV [SI],DX ;Copy the Contents of DX into
memory location pointed by SI.
INT 21H ;Return to DOS Prompt.
CODE
ENDS
END
START
Input: AX = 4521H, BX=1324H
Output: DX = FAD4H & AX = D45CH ( Multiplication of 4521H * -1324H =FAD4D45C H)
DEPT OF ECE MICROPROCESSORS & MICROCONTROLLERS LAB
SIGNED DIVISION Program:
Address Opcode Label Mnemoni Operands Comments
cs
ASSUME CS:CODE, DS:
DATA DATA SEGMENT
X DW 4521H
Y DW 1324H
Z DW ?
DATA
ENDS
CODE SEGMENT
START: MOV AX,DATA ;Copy Data Segment Starting
Address into AX Register
MOV DS,AX ;Copy the Content of AX into DS
XOR AX,AX ;Clear Contents of AX Register.
MOV AX,X ;Copy the Contents of X into AX
Register.
MOV BX,Y ;Copy the Contents of Y into BX
Register.
NEG BX ;Perform 2’s Complement of BX.
CWD ;Convert Word into Double Word
IDIV BX ;Divide the Contents of AX with BX
Including Sign.
MOV SI, OFFSET Z ;Copy the Address pointed by Z into
SI.
MOV [SI],AX ;Copy the Contents of AX into
Memory location pointed by SI.
ADD SI,02H ;Add 02 to SI Register.
MOV [SI],DX ;Copy the Contents of DX into
memory location pointed by SI.
INT 21H ;Return to DOS Prompt.
CODE
ENDS
END
START
Input: AX = 4521H, BX=1324H
Output: AX = FFFDH
(QUOTIENT) DX =
0BB5H (REMAINDER)
RESULT: The Assembly Language Program to Perform Multiplication and
Division of signed and unsigned Hexadecimal numbers was successfully executed.
DEPT OF ECE MICROPROCESSORS & MICROCONTROLLERS LAB
C.FACTORIAL, SQUARE & CUBE OF A
NUMBER
Aim: To Write an ALP to find square, cube and factorial of a given number.
Apparatus:
Software: MASM (or) TERM 86E
Hardware: PC, Key Board, 8086 Trainer Kit, R.P.S
Factorial Program:
Address Opcode Label Mnemonics Operands Comments
ASSUME
CS:CODE,DS:DATA
DATA SEGMENT
N DB 04H
RES DW ?
DATA ENDS
CODE SEGMENT
MOV AX,DATA ;Copy Data Segment Starting
START Address into AX Register
:
MOV DS, AX ;Copy the Content of AX into DS
XOR AX,AX ;Clear Contents of AX Register.
MOV AL, N ;Copy the Contents of X into AX
Register.
XOR BX,BX ;Clear Contents of BX Register.
MOV BL,AL ;Copy Contents of AL in to
Register BL
UP: DEC BL ; Decrement BL by 01
CMP BX, 01 ;Compare BX register contents
with 01H
JZ EXIT ; Jump to Label EXIT if ZF = 1
MUL BL ;Multiply contents of AL with BL
JMP UP ;Jump to Label UP
EXIT: MOV RES, AX ; Copy the Factorial of N into
Memory Location RES.
INT 21H ; Return to DOS Prompt
CODE
ENDS
END
START
Input: N =[0000]= 04H
Output: RES =[0001]= 18H
DEPT OF ECE MICROPROCESSORS & MICROCONTROLLERS LAB
Square of a Number Program:
Address Opcode Label Mnemonics Operands Comments
ASSUME
CS:CODE,DS:DATA
DATA SEGMENT
X DB 08H
SQR DW (?)
DATA ENDS
CODE SEGMENT
MOV AX,DATA ;Copy Data Segment
Starting Address into AX
START Register
:
MOV DS, AX ;Copy the Content of AX
into DS
XOR AX,AX ;Clear Contents of AX
Register.
MOV AL, X ;Copy the Contents of X
into AX Register.
MUL AL ;Multiply contents of AL
with AL & RESULT is
stored in AX.
MOV SQR,AX ;Copy the contents of AX
into SQR Memory
Location
INT 21H ; Return to DOS Prompt
CODE
ENDS END
START
Input: X =[0000]= 08H
Output: SQR =[0001]= 40H
DEPT OF ECE MICROPROCESSORS & MICROCONTROLLERS LAB
Cube of a Number Program:
Address Opcode Label Mnemonics Operands Comments
ASSUME
CS:CODE,DS:DATA
DATA SEGMENT
X DB 08H
CUBE DW
(?)
DATA ENDS
CODE SEGMENT
MOV AX,DATA ;Copy Data Segment
Starting
START Address into AX Register
:
MOV DS, AX ;Copy the Content of AX
into DS
XOR AX,AX ;Clear Contents of AX
Register.
MOV AL, X ;Copy the Contents of X
into AX Register.
MOV BL,AL ;Copy the Contents of
Register BL into AL
Register.
MUL BL ;Multiply contents of AL
with BL & RESULT is
stored in AX.
MUL BL ;Multiply contents of AL
with BL & RESULT is
stored in AX.
MOV CUBE,AX ;Copy the contents of AX
into SQR Memory
Location
INT 21H ; Return to DOS Prompt
CODE
ENDS END
START
Input: X =[0000]= 08H
Output: AX= 200H
RESULT: The Assembly Language Program to find square, cube and factorial of a
given number was successfully executed.
