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Data Science Unit 1

The document provides an overview of data, its types (structured, unstructured, semi-structured), and the concept of data analytics, which involves analyzing raw data for insights. It outlines four types of data analytics: descriptive, diagnostic, predictive, and prescriptive, highlighting their importance in decision-making and efficiency. Additionally, it discusses various applications of data analytics across sectors such as business, healthcare, finance, retail, sports, and government.

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Pankaj Salve
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5 views2 pages

Data Science Unit 1

The document provides an overview of data, its types (structured, unstructured, semi-structured), and the concept of data analytics, which involves analyzing raw data for insights. It outlines four types of data analytics: descriptive, diagnostic, predictive, and prescriptive, highlighting their importance in decision-making and efficiency. Additionally, it discusses various applications of data analytics across sectors such as business, healthcare, finance, retail, sports, and government.

Uploaded by

Pankaj Salve
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

Understanding Data and Its Types

What is Data?
Data refers to raw facts, figures, or symbols that can be processed to generate useful information.
It is the foundation for analysis and decision-making.

Types of Data:

1. Structured Data
o Organized in a predefined format (e.g., rows and columns).
o Easy to store, search, and analyze.
o Examples: Excel sheets, SQL databases.
2. Unstructured Data
o No fixed structure or format.
o Difficult to analyze without special tools.
o Examples: Images, videos, social media posts, emails.
3. Semi-Structured Data
o Not as rigid as structured data, but more organized than unstructured data.
o Contains tags or markers to separate data elements.
o Examples: XML files, JSON data.

2. What is Data Analytics?

Data Analytics is the science of analyzing raw data to make conclusions about information. It
involves inspecting, cleaning, transforming, and modeling data to discover useful patterns and
support decision-making.

3. Types of Data Analytics:

1. Descriptive Analytics
o Answers: What happened?
o Summarizes past data.
o Tools: Reports, dashboards.
2. Diagnostic Analytics
o Answers: Why did it happen?
o Finds causes of trends and anomalies.
o Uses techniques like drill-down, data discovery.
3. Predictive Analytics
o Answers: What is likely to happen?
o Uses statistical models and machine learning.
o Example: Forecasting sales, predicting churn.
4. Prescriptive Analytics
o Answers: What should be done?
o Suggests actions based on predictive analysis.
o Example: Recommender systems, optimization models.

4. Importance of Data Analytics

 Improves Decision Making: Helps in making data-driven, objective decisions.


 Identifies Trends and Patterns: Reveals insights not obvious from raw data.
 Enhances Efficiency: Optimizes operations and resource use.
 Supports Innovation: Helps design new products/services based on insights.
 Reduces Risk: Assists in forecasting and risk management.

5. Applications of Data Analytics

1. Business
o Customer segmentation, marketing campaigns, sales forecasting.
2. Healthcare
o Predicting disease outbreaks, patient diagnostics, personalized treatment.
3. Finance
o Fraud detection, credit scoring, investment analysis.
4. Retail
o Inventory management, personalized recommendations.
5. Sports
o Performance analysis, strategy development, injury prediction.
6. Government
o Crime analysis, smart city planning, public policy improvement.

Summary:

Concept Description
Data Types Structured, Unstructured, Semi-structured
Data Analytics Process of analyzing data to gain insights
Types of Analytics Descriptive, Diagnostic, Predictive, Prescriptive
Importance Better decisions, cost savings, risk management, competitive advantage
Applications Business, Healthcare, Finance, Retail, Sports, Government

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