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Unit Testing with Junit and Mocking
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1) What is Unit Testing & Why ?
2) What is Junit & How to use Junit ?
3) What is Mocking & How to use Mock Objects for UT ?
4) What is Code Coverage & How to improve that ?
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Unit Testing ?
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=> It is the process of testing individual components of software application.
=> Unit Testing is used to identify the bugs available in our code.
=> With the help of Unit testing we can provide quality code for higher
environments.
=> Developers are responsible to perform Unit Testing.
=> To perform Unit Testing we will use Junit and Mocking.
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What is Junit ?
===========================
-> Junit is a java based framework which is used to implement unit testing for Java
applications.
-> The current version of Junit is Junit 5
Junit 5 = Junit Platform + Junit Jupiter + Junit vintage
Platform => Provides Runtime to run junit tests on Java
Jupiter => Provided Annotation to implement unit test cases
Vintage => Provides Backward compatability ( Junit 3 & Junit 4 tests
support )
-> Junit framework provided several annotations to perform Unit Testing like below
@Test
@ParameterizedTest
@ValueSource
@BeforeAll
@AfterAll
@BeforeEach
@AfterEach
-> Junit framework provided several assertXXX methods to verify Unit Results.
assertEquals(expected, actual)
assertNotEquals(expected, actual)
assertNull( )
assertNotNull ( )
assertTrue( )
assertFalse ( ) etc...
################ Unit Testing we have to implement with Isolation
#############################
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What is Mocking ?
==================
=> The process of creating Substiute object for the real object is called as
Mocking.
Mock Object = Dummy Object
=> Mock Objects are used for Unit Testing.
=> By using Mock Objects we can achieve Isolated Unit Testing.
=> Isolated unit testing means testing only our target method functionality.
=> There are serveral frameworks available to implement Mocking...
Ex: Easy Mock, Wire Mock, JMockito, Power Mock etc.....
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What is Code Coverage ?
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=> Code Coverage is the process of identifying how many lines of code is tested as
part of unit testing.
1) Which lines covered in unit testing
2) Which lines not-covered in unit testing
=> Industry standard is 80% code coverage.
=> We have several tools to generate Code Coverage Report
Ex: Jacocco, Cobertura etc...
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public class Calculator {
public int add(int i, int j) {
return i + j;
}
public int mul(int i, int j) {
return i * j;
}
}
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public class CalculatorTest {
private Calculator c = new Calculator();
@Test
public void testAdd() {
int actualResult = c.add(1, 2);
int expectedResult = 3;
assertEquals(expectedResult, actualResult);
}
@Test
public void testMul() {
int actual = c.mul(2, 2);
int expected = 5;
assertEquals(expected, actual);
}
}
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public class PalindromeCheck {
public boolean isPalidrome(String str) {
String reverse = "";
int length = str.length();
for (int i = length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
reverse = reverse + str.charAt(i);
}
if (str.equals(reverse)) {
return true;
} else {
return false;
}
}
}
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public class PalindromeTest {
@ParameterizedTest
@ValueSource(strings = {"liril", "madam", "racecar", "ashok"})
public void testIsPalindrome(String str) {
PalindromeCheck pc = new PalindromeCheck();
boolean actual = pc.isPalidrome(str);
assertTrue(actual);
}
}
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public class StringUtils {
public Integer stringToInt(String str) {
if (str == null || str.trim().length() == 0) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Input is null or empty");
}
return Integer.parseInt(str);
}
}
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public class StringUtilsTest {
private StringUtils su = new StringUtils();
@Test
public void testStringToInt1() {
Integer actual = su.stringToInt("123");
assertEquals(123, actual);
}
@Test
public void testStringToInt2() {
assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () ->
su.stringToInt(null));
}
@Test
public void testStringToInt3() {
assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () ->
su.stringToInt(""));
}
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@RestController
public class WelcomeRestController {
@Autowired
private WelcomeService welcomeService;
@GetMapping("/welcome")
public ResponseEntity<String> welcome() {
String responseMsg = welcomeService.getWelcomeMsg();
return new ResponseEntity<>(responseMsg, HttpStatus.OK);
}
@GetMapping("/greet")
public ResponseEntity<String> greet() {
String responseMsg = welcomeService.getGreetMsg();
return new ResponseEntity<>(responseMsg, HttpStatus.OK);
}
}
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@WebMvcTest(value = WelcomeRestController.class)
public class WelcomeRestControllerTest {
@MockBean
private WelcomeService welcomeService;
@Autowired
private MockMvc mockMvc;
@Test
public void testGreet() throws Exception {
when(welcomeService.getGreetMsg()).thenReturn("Good Luck..!!");
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder reqBuilder =
MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/greet");
MvcResult andReturn = mockMvc.perform(reqBuilder).andReturn();
MockHttpServletResponse response = andReturn.getResponse();
int status = response.getStatus();
assertEquals(200, status);
}
@Test
public void testWelcome() throws Exception {
when(welcomeService.getWelcomeMsg()).thenReturn("Good Evening");
MockHttpServletRequestBuilder requestBuilder =
MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/welcome");
MvcResult result = mockMvc.perform(requestBuilder).andReturn();
MockHttpServletResponse response = result.getResponse();
int status = response.getStatus();
assertEquals(200, status);
}
}
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