TWL-1S

Heat Stress Meter

User Guide
 Contents
Instrument at a Glance 1
Heat stress index 1
Instrument 1
Sensors 2
Buttons 2
Display 2
Getting Started 3
Before using 3
Meter setup 3
Pager setup (Optional) 3
Operation 4
On/off 4
Measurements 4
TWL 4
Timer 4
Wireless paging (Optional) 5
Battery 5
Data Logger 5
Step1: Connect to PC 5
Step2: Configuration 5
Step3: Start Data logging 6
Step4: Stop Data Logging 6
Step5: Data Output 6
Calibration 7
Accessory 8
Polypropylene filter 8
USB cable 8
Pager (Optional) 8
Technical Specification 9
Instrument 9
Wireless paging (Optional) 10
Standard 10
Thermal Work Limit (TWL) 10
Safety, Handling, & Maintenance 11
Important safety information 11
Important handling information 11
Standard packing 11
Workload Definition 12
Trouble Shooting 13
Warranty & Services 14
Warranty conditions 14
Services 14
 Instrument at a Glance
Heat stress index
Heat illnesses can be fatal. However, with proper precautions, it can be avoided. Thermal Work Limit
(TWL) is a heat index calculated from environmental parameters, including dry bulb temperature, wet
bulb temperature, globe bulb temperature and wind speed and accommodates for clothing factors as
well as human physiological status to estimate a safe maximum continuous suitable metabolic rate. It
is designed primarily for self-paced workers who are well hydrated and acclimatized in the working
condition.

Instrument
TWL-1S Heat Stress Meter offers a compact-designed hardware with deliberate software and
user-friendly interface. 3-color backlight based on TWL index informs users the risk level. Work break
timer reminds users the work/rest schedule and actively notifies the remote pager (optional1) when
it counts down to zero.

Black bulb

Temperature & humidity sensors

inside

Wind cup

LCD display

Power Backlight
Mode / REC Workload

TWL Page (optional)

1. Please contact sales representative for wireless paging function.

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Sensors
There are four different types of sensors in TWL-1S.
Temperature sensor A high dynamic range NTC style thermistor is installed inside of the neck along
with the humidity sensor.
Humidity sensor A capacitive humidity sensor in installed inside of the neck to be well protected by the
case and the filter. See more details in the section “Polypropylene Filter”.
Globe temperature A high dynamic range NTC style thermistor is located in the center of the black
copper sphere to measure the radiative heat comes from heat source like sunlight or oven.
Anemometer Wind cups and high quality bearing make the anemometer very effective. Starting wind
speed is as low as 0.5 m/s. Wind cups detect wind strength at all times, regardless of the orientation
and position of the instrument.

Buttons
The functionality of the TWL-1S is controlled by the buttons in the front panel.

Icon Button Functions

POWER Turn on/off the device.
MODE / REC Switch among measurements / Start data logging
TWL Trigger a measurement of TWL heat index
BACKLIGHT Turn on the backlight.
Workload Set up count down timer per measured TWL value.
PAGE Send a signal to notify remote pager. This is optional.

Display
The large size LCD display shows the readings of sound level also the
icons to present the current measure mode and the status of the instrument:

Mode indication

Readings & units

Timer digits

REC Heat risk indicator & battery level & recording indication

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 Icon Meaning
Dry bulb temperature (air temperature)
Wet bulb temperature. Calculated from dry bulb temperature and rh%
Globe temperature
Wind speed
Relative humidity
Wet Bulb Globe Temperature. WBGT = 0.7 x WET + 0.2 x GLB + 0.1 x DRY
Thermal Work Limit. TWL is calculated according to evidence-based medicine
High risk indication. Displayed when TWL < 115
Medium risk indication. Displayed when 115 < TWL < 140
Low risk indication. Displayed when TWL > 140
REC Flashing when data is logging
Battery level. Change batteries when it is empty

Getting Started

NOTE: Expose the meter to the environment at least 10 min to reach

equilibrium for any significant changes in temperature and humidity

Before using
Make sure your TWL-1S is in good condition and within factory calibration.

Meter setup
- Insert 4 AAA batteries into the battery holder with proper orientation.
- Long press POWER button to turn on TWL-1S.
- Place the meter on a tripod, preferably 1 m above the ground, for proper placement.
- Press MODE key to toggle among 7 modes.
- Press TWL key to calculate a TWL value.

Pager setup (optional )

Insert 1 AA battery into the battery holder with proper orientation. The pager beeps once when it is
ready.

2. Please contact sales representative for wireless paging function.

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 Operation
For explanatory purpose, all icons are presented in the section “Display”. However, during daily
operation, only part of these icons is displayed.

On/off
Long press POWER button to turn on or off the device. When left without any operation for 15 min, the
device turns off automatically.

Measurements
Press MODE/REC button to toggle among 7 modes. It shows real time value for 6 modes
• Dry bulb temperature
• Wet bulb temperature
• Globe temperature
• Wind speed
• Humidity
• WBGT

Based on TWL theory, real time value of TWL is not practical. Averaged data is more presentative to
show user the condition of the environment.
TWL calculation is only triggered by pressing TWL button.

TWL
Before any measurement, the TWL mode shows - - - . - W/m2.
Trigger a measurement Press TWL button to calculate a TWL value. It takes 2 min to compute a TWL
value because 2-min average is more representative than a snapshot.

Check out the screen When calculating a TWL value, the screen shows average wind speed from the
1st second to current moment. When calculating, TWL icon blinks and a countdown timer shows the
time remains.

Finish measurement When the calculation is done, a TWL value and correspondent risk icon shows
alone with the suggested work time as indicated in Table 1.

Backlight
Press BACKLIGHT button to turn on the colorful backlight of the LCD. The color corresponds with the
TWL range and risk (Table 1). Before any TWL value is calculated, pressing BACKLIGHT key only flashes
- - - . - twice.

Workload
Short pressing WORKLOAD button sets the timer. Long pressing WORKLOAD starts/ends the timer. This
button only works in High Risk (Red) zone as green and yellow zones do not have work time limits.

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Wireless paging (optional )
Trigger Press PAGE key to call the remote pagers. Paging signal covers 200 meters on average, but the
coverage varies with topology.

Pager When triggered by TWL-1S, the pager beeps and vibrates. Press the side button to stop. Both red
zone and the expiration of work timer trigger the pager 3 times with 1min interval.

Battery
Alkaline batteries can sustain more than 120 hours when operated continuously. Dry batteries and
rechargeable batteries are also applicable but with shorter lifetime. Download data when the battery
bar is empty, otherwise some data might be lost.

3. Please contact sales representative for wireless paging function.

Data Logger
Step1: Connect to PC
Connect the logger with any windows computer. Computer will recognize the logger as a CD-ROM and
pop up a new screen for configuration. If not, you may go to file management to click a recognized
CR-ROM called “Logger”

Step2: Configuration
Double click “Logger configuration tool” to setup the logger. The logger configuration screen offers 8
languages to help you setup easily. The programmable parameters are sampling rate, start delay time
and Logger ID.
- The programmable sampling rate is from 5 mins to 2 hours
- The start delay time is from 0 min to 12 hours

Note: By choosing 5 mins, it means the first record will be taken into logger’s memory 5 mins after
pressing the key to start the data logging.

- Logger ID is a 4-digit number you can use to give each

logger a unique property code, such as 0928.
After setting is finished, click Save button to synchronize
the setting and your PC time zone to data logger. Close
the setup screen and disconnect logger. Leave it where
you want to monitor the WBGT.

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 Step3: Start Data logging
Long press MODE/REC key for more than 1 second to activate the logger into standby status. You will
see SUrE on display.

When SUrE is displayed, press MODE/REC key to start the data logging (The REC icon will be flashing
on display) or press WORKLOAD key to cancel it.

Note: If the logger is programmed as start delay 5 mins, after pressing MODE/REC key, the REC icon
will show a consistent display and then turn into flashing mode after 5 mins.
It will take 15 ~20 mins to make the WBGT logger to reach equilibrium with testing environment.

DRY

°C

HEAVY WORKLOAD

min L/hr

REC

Step4: Stop Data Logging

To stop recording before memory is full, long press WORKLOAD key and the REC icon will disappear
from display. There are 12000 records memory space. If memory is full, FULL icon will appear on
display.

Step5: Data Output

Connect the logger with any windows computer (same as Step 1). Pressing Download button on setup
screen and choose where the logged file to save on this PC. The read-out csv report can be opened
with Office Excel.

The saved report contains Configuration Time, Start Time, Start delay,
Sampling rate, ID no. and Total records number.

Note: If you want to start a new data logging, you have to clean the
memory first by doing data output (The display will show
ISt dL(Instant download).

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 Calibration
Calibration drift happens over time. Regular recalibration is necessary to ensure the accuracy of the
measurement.
Humidity sensors can be calibrated using the RH calibration kit which includes saturated salt solutions
and two sealed containers. We suggest that you have the humidity sensor calibrated every 6 months.
Please contact the sales representatives for RH calibration kit, instruction and services.

Temperature sensors (dry air and globe bulb) typically do not require recalibration because the
calibration drift is negligible during the product lifetime.

Wind speed is calibrated against an intermediary standard calibrated under MEASNET cup nemometer
calibration procedure before it leaves the factory. However, we recommend that you have the
nemometer checked every 6 month. Please contact the sales representatives for wind speed test and
bearing replacement.

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 Accessory
Polypropylene filter
A polypropylene (PP) fiber is applied to protect the temperature and humidity sensors from dust while
allowing water vapor (moist humid air) to pass through. It is suggested to replace the PP filter every
2-6 months depending on the usage condition. Please contact the sales representatives if you wish to
change the filter.

USB cable
A mini-B to standard-A USB cable is in the standard package to connect the device and PC or laptop
for configuring instrument and downloading data. More details are in the section “Data Logger”.

Pager (optional)
Please contact sales representative for wireless paging function.

8
 Technical Specification
Instrument

Temperature sensor Range 0…50°C

Resolution 0.1°C
Accuracy ±0.6°C
Globe bulb sensor Range 0…80 C
Resolution 0.1°C
Accuracy Indoor ±1.0°C (15…40°C); ±1.5°C (others)
Accuracy Outdoor ±1.5°C (15…40°C); ±2.0°C (others)
Humidity sensor Range 5…95%
Resolution 0.1%
Accuracy ±3% (25°C, 10…90%); ±5% (others)
Wind speed sensor Range 0.5…10 m/s
Resolution 0.1 m/s
Accuracy ±(2% of readings + 0.2) m/s
WBGT formula Indoor WBGT = 0.7 x Tw + 0.3 x Tg
Outdoor WBGT = 0.7 x Tw + 0.2 x Tg + 0.1 x Ta
TWL calculation Dynamic calculation based on Tw, Tg, Ta and ws.
Safe max. Tcore < 38.2 °C
Display 32(W) x 50(H) mm LCD screen
Backlight Yes. Color depends on TWL measurement
Power supply 4x AAA batteries supply 6V
Power consumption 6 mA with backlight off
Battery indicator Yes
Battery life 120 hr with alkaline batteries
Dimension 59(W) x 37(D) x 316(H) mm
Globe bulb 75 mm diameter
Wind cup 91 mm rotation radius
Weight 330 g
Enslosure ABS
Standard CE-compliant
Sensor protection Polypropylene filter
Operating range -10…60 °C
Logger memory 2,000 readings
Standard accessory Tripod x 1, AAA battery x 4, USB cable x 1, toolbox x 1
Calibration kit Optional. MgCl2 and NaCl O-ring sealed bottles
Storage condition 20…40 °C

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Wireless paging (optional)
By installing RF transmitter, TWL-1S will be able to send signal to remote pagers. 433 MHz technology
is used to achieve 200 meters range in an open space. Following table is the pager specification.

Pager frequency 433 MHz

Pager dimension 51(L) x 74(W) x 28(H) mm
Pager weight 76g
Alarm loudness 85db @ 10 cm
Pager power 1x AA batteries

Standard
CE certificate Instrument is certified by CE mark following the EN 61326-1:2006 Electrical Equipment
for Measurement, Control and Laboratory Use.
SGS test report A third party certification for its temperature and humidity sensors from SGS, a
globally renowned company for inspection,

verification, testing and certification.

Thermal Work Limit (TWL)

The TWL guidelines have been implemented in Abu Dhabi Emirate, UAE and Australian mines and have
produced a substantial decrease in the number of heat related illness cases.

TWL (W/m2) Backlight Work Limit Time Risk

>= 140 Green Safe for self-paced work Low
115…139 Yellow Safe for self-paced work Medium
< 115 Red 20 min High

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 Safety, Handling, & Maintenance
WARNING: Failure to follow these safety instructions could result in fire,
electric shock, or other injuries, or damage to sound level meter or other

Important safety information

Operate Avoid using instrument in the rain. Avoid using meter in presence of explosive gas,
combustible gas, steam or excessive dust.. Be sure to turn it off after use. If you expect not to use the
instrument for a long period remove batteries to avoid leakages of battery liquid which could damage
the its inner components.

Handling Handle the meter with care. It is made of sensitive electronic components. The meter can be
damaged if dropped, burned, punctured, or crushed, or if it comes in contact with liquid. Don’t use a
damaged meter, such as one with a cracked screen, as it may cause injury.

WARNING: Do not hold and twist the black bulb. The neck part of the
instrument will be damaged and the temperature and humidity sensors

Important handling information

Battery replacement Low battery icon showed on LCD indicates users to replace batteries:
- Turn off the instrument and remove the battery cap.
- Insert new batteries and then put the cap back.
- Process the waste batteries accordingly.

Standard packing
- Heat Stress Meter x1
- User guide x1
- Tripod x1
- Certificate of Conformity x1
- USB cable x1
- AAA battery x4

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 Workload Definition
Based on the TWL, Abu Dhabi Environment, Health and Safety Management System (EHSMS) has
recommended a schedule for work, rest and hydration.

Risk Level Workload Hydration (l/hr) Work/Rest Time (min)

TWL ≥ 140 Low Risk Light/Heavy 0.6-1 Unrestricted

Light 1-1.2 Unrestricted
115 ≤ TWL < 140 Medium Risk
Heavy 1.2 45/15
Light 1.2 45/15
TWL < 115 High Risk
Heavy 1.2 20/40

And here is the LCD backlight and buzzer behavior for different value of TWL after doing measurement:

TWL LCD Backlight Buzzer

>140 Green Off
115-140 Yellow Off
<115 Red On

If the measurement result shows “High Risk”, you can stop the buzzer beeping by following two
actions:

1. Long press WORKLOAD button: The timer will start to countdown from 40/20/15 to zero.
2. Short press PAGE button: The buzzer will stop beeping for a while. There will be two other buzzer
reminders per 30 seconds, each will beep for 8 seconds. The buzzer will completely stop after the
second reminder.

If you do nothing when it is “High Risk”, the buzzer will keep beeping until device powers-off
automatically (15 minutes).

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 Trouble Shooting
Please make sure the batteries are inserted correctly. If any error code were displayed in the LCD
screen, please refer to the following error code table to find out the solutions.

Sensor Error Defect Solution

E02 DRY is lower tha specified range Leave the device in regular air for 30 min.
DRY E03 DRY is higher than specified range Leave the device in regular air for 30 min.
E31 Circuite AD defect Send back for repair.
E02 GLB is lower than specified range Leave the device in regular air for 30 min.
GLB E03 GLB is higher than specified range Leave the device in regular air for 30 min.
E31 Circuite AD defect Send back for repair.
E04 DRY error causes the defect Refer to DRY error code
HUM E11 Humidity calibration error Calibration is needed.
E33 Humidity circuite error Send the instrument back for repair.
E02 WET is lower than specified range Leave the device in regular air for 30 min.
WET E03 WET is higher than Leave the device in regular air for 30 min.
E04 specified range Refer to DRY and HUM error code.
WND E31 Caused by DRY/HUM error Send back for repair.
E02 Hardware defect Leave the device in regular air for 30 min.
WBGT E03 WBGT is lower than Leave the device in regular air for 30 min.
E04 specified range Refer to DRY/HUM/GLB error code.
E02 WBGT is higher than specified range Leave the device in regular air for 30 min.
Caused by DRY/HUM/GLB error
TWL E03 TWL is lower than specified range Leave the device in regular air for 30 min.
TWL is higher than specified range
E04 Caused by DRY/HUM/GLB/ WND error Refer to DRY/HUM/GLB/WND error code.

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 Warranty & Services
Warranty conditions
This instrument is guaranteed for one year against material or production defects, in accordance with
our general sales conditions. During the warranty period the manufacturer reserves the right to decide
either to repair or replace the product.
Should you need for any reason to return back the instrument for repair or replacement take prior
agreements with the local distributor from whom you bought it. Do not forget to enclose a report
describing the reasons for returning (detected fault). Use only original packaging. Any damage
occurred in transit due to non-original packaging will be charged anyhow to the customer.

The warranty doesn’t apply to:

Accessories and batteries (not covered by warranty)
Repairs made necessary by improper use (including adaptation to particular applications not foreseen
in the instructions manual) or improper combination with incompatible accessories or equipment.
Repairs made necessary by improper shipping material causing damages in transit.
Repairs made necessary by previous attempts for repair carried out by non-skilled or unauthorized
personnel.
Instruments for whatever reason modified by the customer himself without explicit authorization of
our Technical Dept.

The contents of this manual may not be reproduced in any form whatsoever without the manufactur-
er’s authorization.

Our products are patented. The logotypes are registered. We reserve the right to modify characteristics
and prices as part of technological developments which might require them.

Services
Shouldn’t the instrument work properly, before contacting your distributor make sure that batteries are
correctly installed and working, check the test leads and replace them if necessary.

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 Scarlet Tech Co., Ltd.
© 2021 Scarlet Tech Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
4F-3, No. 347 , HePing E Rd, 2nd Sec, DaAn District, Taipei City 106, Taiwan
info@scarlet.com.tw
www.scarlet-tech.com

version 210713