deh aia se 8 YT Module 4 Wove. _ Sheping Cutts ve Linco Non-= Lineas ware Udre shopping shopra — cnroutls omreuits fe pase Ogg ee pee Lan is ae ieee 9 ) ‘i 8 —> TO ave. chap oro is used ts convest Gn lp worsen +o desired olp usavefoam |, —> Tid! ol & \ypee Dy wave. shapmg eres » Koco, wove shaping crite —utrich ucce mea, alemente such as Resshn , Saducron & Coyacitor, “) Nen Sinay wore shaping. enenit Thee cyte we doles - hansihas alen voit Lgaeos dlements kee Aeashox, duchy & cagacion se Nene eaen, wove chaps crete . “D> Chiepeis oe clippers / Ghode \reniteas)) —= Chypes clip oF oR Gemove a poahrn O Re Appsied wave. > TRse ono. vacd im Argitel) compulers chy Demvve signal vothegee above on letlow O Spcoibied vollag ¢ (evel~> ileal in Fado Aeriewers , communication creuils fling! nose pulses tat Give dbtve Ata signal amplide clipped devon 4 He, desired teal, Tyee & clippess = —» Chepus ann dhe calegnged as biased € unbiqsed cles ombmatrenc chien |) RocdL chpper Chet depts) diode — 3) conned om Noite ip | @® Peiwve chppey LMide > remup ase dela) y Fos ave Yon veh | “ace Ouele ie + i J Vic Vv, During ave Th ogte “dite 5 Racad based eee conduct and behaves ca a loared ~ He vellere a AG du e odin, ducts pre me ae > basing ve hole tye, diod 1) Be. “Lays ang open co — us Op vellage sil be Sequel) Yo Ro. Gpplled ag 25 igs bal GH ire Poot lideal cos@) Prat) | Caee Pres Vp wort Rien Ae (iden case) ik iS (praises D ene)— Biased rr clippa wiR ave vallass ; = Creed ve chipger cath 1s wilege se up Lg be cell ¥-dowaS we, Ms ~Qosing 2x Yo cycle , diode Quin bce Ae yp iy te Hien Sey (0-643) , Hen only torduch Ge pedeas “an olp Q se Won S44 on upto 3.6, Ho di \ sraned using Wa —ve Ya “eysle BLVout = Virw ~ Based ve clipper witR -ve. vtlage 2 4 Fra se hyde , R 4 Fon, -ve Ya cytle, -Vp + Ve ~ Vout ~ 2 * : f Voy 7 Ne NS . 2 3-0-6 ye Bu: pit) a 7 = . v0) A A | 4 1 eR Van. a Vie r ee ie ; 4 , 1 Fr | { y Fy, | D omer Clipper: f ' t Nee PSRs creat Gee pombtnaleon SQ based tre & £ -ve clipped + | — Giesed -ve clipper with ae vetlagePR Geek tie cher oth ae CS . Nowe Agonete, 0 horcclenskees a Nin1) Seine Clinger - Saie st | : as Ven A Bx cs Was DO. Sdhoass OA pe ee ed cremile are despre to chith Re Vp wwaveRam aitieg above 0A below See sone melee anitheut adieatng Ra. Nise ee Qrang m egde, Biode- sere biased, Of ee. oe diode ~ short ie el Ghoosk! ogee Conarrucled. ust ackve & passive Components frat ahifte BS workenn nko @ APPeent pe deh = > xvi deimps Cage § ode iis peers) carson Hee « =it Ve. op > = \ a Girne crctyg ee Aptis god] 2 Sood Arsision Re = Baga vey hat (ages “dicde Eecand besa| ea Ve - Bales — Cap cherges wih TR polarity shown th caren 9 ets Vn aah Youll > 1S Smee tees Woheod bata, Yr Ven AY Vay XO >ey Greater “Roe charges to Ro max Ye * Velage Vin ~ Borg re hoyle, dicde & seroce biased Vv. “oh a . Vv: re Te ie nec \ 3 + i Vin Von Near, aka + ey 8 Nour = NR — Ve Vouk = Nm — Ve DSM Acke ca. Parody eee. Veg SO Bb = Vane Ne~ New > Gp- chowes te max Wp vstlage Vin fold, Be ig oyele , drde ts feruse biases \ + a eee =: Ar te! ~Aaty, Wa NN Se Meat te Ves ie ca en fF — Qiang Byes: ‘6 cere Bea 6 Mbt Me 3B, ou Vv, ~ Vat Ve SN Ne c b> Oona cles Awd Cig eee lrased Fae > T BA! se Vat Nie etic. CBN Cy ae O Nou = Vegt Vine SV Neg NW Nout = ON x Ve —_ — xve clompa wilh -ve busr —> Bory ~% ayele, diode Korward Ibias. 3k. a ar | sey halk asele , ee Ve cK U3 = Ws yee Ve = KR ANeY = NT Na = Quoing Ve ede, diode se Aunse biased — Coraritsy chasges dvamg ave la cycle eae Oi Bse malate bee < i sab = Yisl Ne Nasa oats! BVin = Ne oe Opargg,. ye halt cule 7} ts Ee ee Ye? ah LO geting ba De Oe ware 6. 85am mi Ne BAS PONE DAVE Mago — -ve compe, witR Ave) bias ee ee Le 8 ay Reo Baap hoist dhagee Pensaih bas H Kooy Mire Shaprg. Cricate — Dasseg + Yo oycle, diode i forward biased _ Fe Thece lenulta. use. only, Lengo cincuit+ clements ouch 3 | ; iY : QS Capcaon , mauctoy “G SesishA - | ] J ” we Ed Sr RL, RC, Ric eveils Ga caleoniged as linead ie < oi a ¥ wave shapers, caenils »MEd) Voave From Ra wa Mam Ne ~ Apdying KvL ts TR cineuit > -V,, * Me +iR =o Veg + 1 Ker®)~0 Va = TX + ®21x10a alt$5 diumbate a ide & iete vay, _ Osb08 ET Ao Bnd Cieee ol me R= j6ok2 = ay C = ©-co1t ¥ to = 10 OF = -Behiph 10h bo x 107 pve Pa B Fret Oda #C doo pass | 6 Qos pass dhe bard at — Artyes Bi too pass fiter &Deagr an RC Doo pee Biter Qe a cut ok ty, ! joee + 4 = fe ee jartecs ) a Ales , : A hy Gt of frog, P= QkNe Picourge 2 pee sl ae Ven Ct? fey pe lei era doe aun QKRe Me 4 ea => flee C= 0: 01PF Mon ja eee lesa Sys Moen ae ay RPG) eae CAG = 49 4H kS R= ase a Past oh Rrguensy = Me gic So Sg 4 pay a) E j; TIRES (ang, Re magne) {le 1 EL Geedamg 3 mses * 4 — Gses eee = ol.J, step -mpit — Ropense of lew pass By 1, =O Se Avec | 5 +— Mase ~The op v bE eect Vee Vans =. Maese= Vina) é — Vy Neral p/p ss Sakon atric at, we View Va Weo)je see we token across We ¢ Gar Rx onpacitos cl tee oO t-rec~v,= vi- >) = 0.baV 4 Qeen, V, = 0. SbHV Y= SRC, V, ~ 0. 993 a = Rapes PD tre par Sly be aque seve WA Aah Se RC Now pase Pilea as snlegratoa 74k time constart 16 vay lasge Comparod fo tims censtant of i/p aignal , ec oS pas Fit wil) WA 03 an salegraten —2 ofp whlage Vy oF {Yn Bate: — Graiwens fo be sabehed Bx ec Yow pass Bikey cho ack 08 an integrator’ D) REF 10K. S Time constant RO of Re cine, Reet 1G qe hme paid of ip signal.r AL Anclysrs of RC dnegratoa f am, SS hy ¢ a iy : | a ‘Cosma —> Arayng EWE As ARS “coven | Vig Rey Ree pO. TRA RS) Xe con be ny Hic tonditim of lo sin onde to to ack ans gr From He et eos) ji at @ Vaigr op on a exenit te volegrate ‘en i/p a a fe Vy, at (Suberrveg) 29°) eqyane of \OVpp and e EDEN page= Fp i Be Ts wagers (Ac!= p oes maven Oe Ne isheCed el Ande + toVEr eee Va o% fe See ed Q, \coo — ‘sponse a Sulegetor hy vaamus slp's race F ey a 2 oO: - : Byor v eciscn if \outallana om om (OAs VOnT ay elt ~ eas” ~ peeks Van Meine A pel ef to ‘ QR C= colar | ae R= WwW — Mookr a D-OL KIS! J— Brasng, is @ psocess Se uRicle we apply. Ache OC Vellage Ao elect” appacpaiale Operating, point. — Te wthoorke used Re, asm Osa calla Giaarag Be een ee A feo ix Se S52. x rales J fs aghinet any wxtenel_ \aesclns » ~ hue one 4 Aigims of opaatens of « Tansishos | Fi = Hpllymg KuL to Rn counts ofp Side - T Mat eRe Nog * © TeRe = Vo. - Nee. ——— came Vite Vae “faves E's) ey = bows 12 4857305 —Bonsicker can act 0s gn. amplifier in Re aebne oe (CaM e ig ae) Gr ea ck cea ds “a a we Bye ee > Cmrasing, Op © | wsitha’ we oh ai chracglt bma — Rrosme chuld be dene sr such a say ‘Ret ofp Se ache, ©) ge Uoveliiens dees not vay die to any “Suazens e ae — Fem © — Opackng pomt ond osncep) D0 head dine HE. ‘ A ~ Considey Re caenit- oH) Commen “wmiltey, Aransishs R PIR ddan AR 00) Sead One or tke ©/p cheredoriches » Suge, FZ ~/O At, ..cq Oo Aiioii= Gv ee “fae z Bae Neg Mec whos no signe rs “applied 4o Ws tnpur. en Bn Se— Once Q poict vastobns. — ty vasiolrens Apideide from js de 4 dishost tha — 9¢ Lad Lime inc chats The goal or trevor as Q Quiescent po amare. donctovk S* is byxed +o opaate. Yon a specie, app! wad Sn Q potat- cha honest awplihesy x al Vol when no AC signals arc Oppbed - fronseos OC Joad bine, whus pom (also Known 08 ppadbes oR bias pomt- We Ned Ba ssadtistos biowrsy _ « ey workng, ib Ocaente 10 apply, Ve eaect posily. Acres ils Q gunckans : E Lrasedh! connecttiy it aol: Wonk. sine Raentty, de Cia SRAe MAL. search eL: Ae 3 2 t { cat lieu | not e_ “effected. due te —7 Fen PaeP Be \s —>Fo_ open : Tro OPENS a domes posdimeles, voatabomns x Jernp\- changes 7 Fators_ leeching operates, 2 Ra! Relebows > en Rellsvonng OM pects pt D cafletton curer> ©. dependance of i, = Par lie ®) Deco ahoe ke ve We £Ce,cmrert apie — base cunente x 5-1 Neakage cummed emp. defenda ony panamdiers changes 7gleo © changes , tue operating. porn Chong ot Vee % @ dua to Gaplicement of A Veacehcr ~ Ben_ afer ows Odvandes Pq sc Aceh tea Ranson pramedtrs Such OS & voay, wodely S Tee Nnadahors tore o& Same. ype. Gharge tn © wil abi opsieling pet undesiand Aaglow + C x) Bee Sune ae DB, = Cra x (XP) Kae — BP fe temp changes 7) Mona WAM3 Shabily Adon. 6, 3 5a) TD Stebivly i Di te oD vodinbion.’ he cethedon cusnerth vot Vogiaber. of Suwoce Sohwolior cusent Teas - we o> SE on = OT 2Teac BTeno (Makage auroit) =) Bhatarty, Pactin Gy KYL ae VP aide Jin ag © l ence Val .. = RS Ne. Fyos + Hg F nea ee. ‘ Be he afc Se , 7 a % Be a VA =e oe > Pa 20x10" = Graidereng AKa- ostleoko Soop (o/p Soop) BVA aM on @y kv, z Vee — TeRe “Veg = © + asusner page - Ee Pl, = io xvasusxiot = BARSX1d SWerknoo Aa Te = Cla + OP) Teas —®. (me Se y ~7 ea, mC : int } > oe © Si Die e fey eve Re ofp side: ie eT e — R y : io “ *cap Vee Vee eo SOL iMvechale, bo -9ctedia Mew Veo ~ EeRey Ge Gaaaeyyard) ~ Slebity oe, oe eo —~Pue 2=14F BO want Deets bee rt hae pos ty andl i Bee ul used “4a V(G-2W 2.2850) Sent Qerig) nm a Beat biae eran Sy, ce ara shen Ret Pee opeclng. pot is Vee - SV, Te am, pow supply = 1S, @= loo . Take Vac =O 6V Neglect Re py KM ot ip side’ Vee Nooi= SV = 2 REE Val = b ee ame TeRe-= Vee — Vee - Vee ie sv Le vear.a Ve = Vee a ec R, Lae Re a 5 Ve lovey = J- 0-6-0-49 1 We X10" t § F = 1.6959 x15 A FiaRe 4 %.= \s-9 4B: 6 la o " +t c 3 i pee Sey OE, = sox is-9x10 = 24 385mFp : i. =z Bq =F Pes —> fey Ku ob Mp ede? Te Pp 8 en a RV Ve o—O S “Voy —> Apply KM ob sip cide, Veg = Yee = Veco- tcRe = Vi Cem, pe ean Vase © a ila G asc%xi6 (I and) ~0o-7 = matey = 2.euy Tee = Ver- Vee — Re = Veo Vee = 6-84 StooPr am Arey KWL in d/p side: Veo - TeRe = Vee + © TeRe =) Vee ~ Vee Coe ce Nee | Le ae N.. = 8V p KP rag KA to AR "nse loop , i. he ener See = ThRe * Le Eidos) Vs oF - voy ( Srnall Vee ~ TeRe —IeRe = l R Vee = eRe vteRe é t eats aac taxB) Re = TRe + eke 4k Teke . , Va )ae (Ret Re). Te Re, M i nv ye REV ay No Ree O Ra Re —> Hpplymg Kee Kee te Re Neon eo p. Wee Ta Re Vee! — eRe Ve a ec a>) eRe * Vee Eo) Rft parent Vin at Is8 ~ Ber Re) UH) a Ret Fe Ut 5 ~ Tabingy. Rp aa, [Cormmennrs in Re tie t. den gle Decides 7 { oe LE a *) = Taleng Re euleide From num & Gry) fe From dan: o- (eRe (Ou us * ~ “The value A & 2 condor fo be vmprond with vellage dices bias * Anothn advantage, ia “Hat vb “\Romally Any merge MO “Temp will mereas Sh 4 We aq’ § 1 BY RRR 1 res! Ry GaP) \ Ke * &e ts 5 é xy UP Tene _ eR Re + Re Re Re 7 ae (ike T* Ven, * (Ses RECA tao (Wd) ; Ber Reha . ~ Sme (ire >Re Pe Re , Metedt aaa } = PVE HR RY (i a> Ax Re = See &, Ratexe = 7 Re oe i amrelp) Ri Re (NP) = thy TR afabity feuloy sa thdependent of @ ABiatibiy, Resor ) Be ote Lino’Fes WV a ee xy = Vex 7 eRe Rex fe Laer ae STK Fede, duu fo sxcess’ Vellage Acvose Rel ae re Bus Paovides Ruma. Slabilypher o& pavenls rnd Bunowoy 5 1 G Le F ® i damme OC biased Mace: Nos, wT, 4s veltage Amadeg nihwosk with R= BaK eee ok R= 'S-4)le ae R= ve Bas ey oo - ENV Neg = 18 ; VY. y=70- is pe! Re. y — Apply Kv ak i/p side (Base = | Dhow Re 0c fad ame 6) weak.) Ha. opedg ET Viel teaRe — Yer > Re = © port, also Pind aie, stabiity Pacer. BR Vo Gene a> & -2 le ieee — Vg age Re Vat = Vas = Ta Ue 80) Ra =6 Avs ak mR. ~O ey ai. ATy (Rat Re FRE) =O aay Veet Vee ReaR+ ORE 2 es (Esha) > (esx18 + Qvoxtsaie) Be= 4. 3QhA Nee Cl = Woy tesaxcie® = 604-8—> tyly eve \ : Neeles loop 2 BAR bias COattichn fo, base bics ) Me SR. = Uys Ae Ee, & Grlecked ton wtlerton sasha. of cennectng WY te Me - ‘ , 1 Ge aimee, Roma tee Pact Rat Re, derives from cotlectord. — tedy eve, fo the base tvop , Men Ger) fe” TR. Vee = 0 Ve oR. Ina — Vac =O i Vice Te URGAIRES ERR] — Ven =O VEC BY .a# eda Te Re i "Sear : Natecrmg Vee popes Vcc — © fi +, “hed ‘ : 4 ; —> frply KVL ts Re cotlecon loop Vie (EAR EN) tet OS Vie = Yon. == ee Seen ==)x Ux®) Keo > @ n®, a We Know: Te Or Auloskhubing, Sa a. Nee ae) vitae) eae BeBe 7 Re, RAED Eee Se ae 1 CeeRe eS Re +R R. + Re Sage = Neos (RRs YL LT, Ret Re TREARe Rex Ra | ei i es « =a PM > (Fer Re oF Ret Re Rex Re eloee Sq [Rt Re +P Ro\ — EMe * (RR SO4 @) Teg Dees Gea (x SOX Othe Aes asa Be = Pvc + vl Ret OTP Ze0 ReliadeR ROAD Re = Aas - Drow = 23 2X cap (a S64 Diy ROT) + Re pool vba Amal eet || re a thes Re ee feclon ie Voy ruth lees Wed oF treed Wis Gaturt Bras creat Fabitiny fachos | S |Fieed_ bias ite Ie Ke | Votkage Anidyy brass f a | ite eh a | | (eRe jane bras Pe Poagae ther