UNIT 1: Basics of Python
Q: What is Jupyter Notebook?
A: Jupyter Notebook is an open-source web application that allows you to create and share
documents containing live code, equations, visualizations, and narrative text.
Q: How do you set the working directory in Jupyter?
A: You can set the working directory using the `%cd` magic command, e.g., `%cd
path_to_directory`.
Q: How to create and save a script file in Jupyter?
A: You can write code in a new notebook and save it using `File > Save and Checkpoint`.
Alternatively, use `.py` extension in a text file.
Q: How is a Python script executed?
A: Scripts can be executed cell by cell in Jupyter or by running `.py` files in terminal using `python
filename.py`.
Q: What are comments in Python?
A: Comments are lines in code that are not executed. Single-line comments start with `#`, multi-line
use triple quotes.
Q: What are variables in Python?
A: Variables are used to store information and do not require explicit declaration of data type.
Q: What are Python's data types?
A: int, float, complex, str, list, tuple, dict, set, bool.
Q: What are Python's arithmetic operators?
A: +, -, *, /, %, //, **
Q: Give examples of built-in functions.
A: `print()`, `len()`, `type()`, `range()`, `input()`
Q: Explain if statement in Python.
A: Used to test a condition and execute block of code if it's true.
Q: Does Python support switch-case?
A: No, Python does not have switch-case. Use if-elif-else instead.
Q: Difference between while and for loop?
A: `while` repeats as long as a condition is true. `for` iterates over a sequence.
Q: What is a namespace in Python?
A: A namespace is a container for names mapping to objects.
Q: Explain scope in Python.
A: Scope determines the visibility of a variable (local, global, nonlocal).
Q: What are local functions?
A: Functions defined inside another function.
Q: Can a Python function return multiple values?
A: Yes, using tuples or lists.
Q: Can functions be objects in Python?
A: Yes, functions are first-class objects and can be assigned to variables.
Q: What is a lambda function?
A: An anonymous, one-liner function defined using the `lambda` keyword.
UNIT 2: Data Structures and Sequences
Q: What is a string in Python?
A: A string is a sequence of characters enclosed in quotes.
Q: How is an array like a string?
A: Strings can be accessed using indexing like arrays.
Q: What is regex in Python?
A: Regex (Regular Expression) is a module for pattern matching using `re`.
Q: How to concatenate strings?
A: Using `+` operator or `join()` method.
Q: How to modify a string?
A: Using slicing, replace(), upper(), lower(), etc.
Q: How to search and sort strings?
A: Use `find()`, `index()`, `sorted()` functions.
Q: How to create a list?
A: Using square brackets: `my_list = [1, 2, 3]`.
Q: How to add/remove elements in list?
A: Use `append()`, `insert()`, `remove()`, `pop()`.
Q: How to slice a list?
A: `list[start:stop:step]` is used for slicing.
Q: How to sort a list?
A: Using `sort()` or `sorted()`.
Q: What is a tuple?
A: An immutable ordered sequence of elements.
Q: Can we add/remove from tuple?
A: No, tuples are immutable.
Q: What are some tuple methods?
A: `count()`, `index()`.
Q: What is a dictionary in Python?
A: Unordered collection of key-value pairs.
Q: How to add/remove items in dictionary?
A: Use `dict[key] = value` to add; `del dict[key]` to remove.
Q: What is hashing in dictionary?
A: Keys are hashed to map to values for fast lookup.
Q: What types can be dictionary keys?
A: Immutable types like strings, numbers, and tuples.
Q: What is a set?
A: Unordered collection of unique elements.
Q: Set operations in Python?
A: Union (`|`), Intersection (`&`), Difference (`-`), Symmetric Difference (`^`).
