RES2DINVx64 ver. 4.
06
with multi-core & 64-bit support
for Windows XP/Vista/7/8/10
Installation and getting
started users guide
December 2016
Rapid 2-D Resistivity & I.P. inversion
using the least-squares method
Wenner (,,), inline dipole-dipole, pole-pole,
pole-dipole, equatorial dipole-dipole, Wenner-
Schlumberger, gradient and non-conventional arrays
On land, aquatic, cross-borehole
and time-lapse surveys
Geotomosoft Solutions
Geotomo Software Pty Ltd
Web : www.geotomosoft.com
Email : geotomosoft@gmail.com, support@geotomosoft.com
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Notice of Copyright
RES2DINV is copyrighted by M.H.Loke, 2000-2017. All rights
reserved. No part of this document may be reproduced without written
permission of M.H.Loke.
Important Notice : We cannot provide free replacements for lost or
stolen dongles that were in the possession of the end user. Please contact
geotomosoft@gmail.com for the cost of a new dongle if it was lost or
stolen. Dongles should be treated in the same way as any physical assets
such as computers and insurance should be taken out in case it is lost or
stolen.
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Table of Contents
Topic Page No.
1 Introduction ................................................................................. 1
2 Computer system requirements .................................................... 2
3 Copy protection ........................................................................... 3
4 Software installation .................................................................... 4
5 Dongle driver installation ............................................................ 5
6 Using the program – a quick start................................................. 6
7 Detailed instruction manual ......................................................... 9
DISCLAIMER ................................................................................... 10
SUPPORT ......................................................................................... 11
References ......................................................................................... 12
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List of Figures
Figure 1. Sequence of measurements to build up a pseudosection using
a computer controlled multi-electrode survey setup. ............................. 1
Figure 2. Typical display output showing the measured and calculated
apparent resistivity pseudosections, and the inversion model section. ... 9
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1 Introduction
This is a very brief guide to help you in installing and getting started with
the program. The Res2dinvx32x64.pdf file has detailed instructions for
using the software and should be used as the manual.
RES2DINVx64 is a computer program that will automatically determine
a two-dimensional (2-D) resistivity model for the subsurface for the data
obtained from electrical imaging surveys (Dahlin 1996; Loke et al. 2013).
It is a Windows based program that also supports multi-core CPUs.
Figure 1 shows an example of the electrodes arrangement and
measurement sequence that can be used for a 2-D electrical imaging
survey. Many different multi-electrode systems have been developed
over the past 25 years using different arrangements of the cables and
measurement strategies (Loke 2014). The survey is usually carried out
with a system where the electrodes are arranged along a line with a
constant spacing between adjacent electrodes. However, the program can
also handle data sets with a non-uniform electrode spacing.
Figure 1. Sequence of measurements to build up a pseudosection using a
computer controlled multi-electrode survey setup.
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A finite-difference or finite-element modeling subroutine is used to
calculate the apparent resistivity values, and a non-linear smoothness-
constrained least-squares optimization technique is used to calculate the
resistivity of the model blocks (deGroot-Hedlin and Constable 1990;
Loke et al. 2003). If topography is present, the program uses a distorted
finite-element grid so that the surface of the grid matches the topography
(Loke 2000). If I.P. data is also present, the program will also generate
an I.P. model together with the resistivity model using the complex
resistivity method (Kenma et al. 2000).
This program can be used for surveys using the Wenner, pole-pole,
dipole-dipole, pole-dipole, Wenner-Schlumberger, multiple-gradient and
equatorial dipole-dipole (rectangular) arrays. In addition to these
common arrays, the program even supports non-conventional arrays with
an almost unlimited number of possible electrode configurations (Loke
2014). You can process pseudosections with up to 16000 electrode
positions and 100000 data points at a single time on a computer with 8
gigabytes (GB) of RAM using the Res2dinvx64 program. Besides normal
surveys carried out with the electrodes on the ground surface, the
program also supports aquatic and cross-borehole surveys.
2 Computer system requirements
This program is designed to run on microcomputers using the Windows
XP/Vista/7/8/10 operating systems. On a modern multi-core PC, it will
take less than a half a minute to invert the data set obtained from a survey
with 100 electrodes.
Requirements : A PC with a 64-bit multi-core CPU, at least 4 GB RAM
and a 64-bit version of Windows is required. The program can access
more than 4 GB GAM. This greatly increases the data and model size
that can be processed.
You will need a microcomputer with a multi-core Intel CPU to run this
program. It is recommended that you use a PC with an Intel (rather than
an AMD) CPU as the RES2DINVx64 program is optimized for this type
of CPU. These optimizations can significantly reduce the calculation
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time for large data sets. The program uses the hard-disk to store
temporary swap files. If you have more than one hard-disk drive, the
program will automatically select the drive with the largest amount of
free space as the drive to store the swap files. The amount of free hard-
disk space should be at least 6 times the RAM.
Practically all computers have an in-built power management system that
slows down and eventually shuts down the computer system if the
keyboard or mouse is not accessed after a certain time limit. This can
interfere with the operation of the RES2DINV program if you are
inverting a large data set or using the batch mode to invert a large number
of data files. Windows also has an in-built screen saver functions that
replaces the contents of the screen with a screen saver program. Before
running the RES2DINV program, you will need to disable both the power
management and screen saver programs.
3 Copy protection
A USB hardware key (dongle) is supplied with the registered version of
the program. You might need to install the driver for the dongle so that
the program can detect it (please refer to the following sections). The
demonstration version of the program does not require a hardware key
but some important features of the program cannot be used.
Important Notice : We cannot provide free replacements for lost or
stolen dongles that were in the possession of the end user. Please contact
geotomo@gmail.com for the cost of a new dongle if it was lost or stolen.
Dongles should be treated in the same way as any physical assets such as
computers and insurance should be taken out in case it is lost or stolen.
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4 Software installation
If you had purchased the software with a CD, the following setup
manager should be automatically displayed when you insert the CD.
Click the appropriate item in order to install RES2DINVx64 program;
followed by the RES3DINV, RES2DMOD and RES3DMOD programs.
Click the ‘Keylok USB Driver’ menu option to install the driver for the
USB dongle provided with the full version of the program. Please refer
to the following section for more details on the driver installation. Attach
the dongle to the computer only after you have installed the driver.
If you had downloaded the programs from the Internet, you will need to
install the programs manually. The RES2DINV package comes in a
single compressed installation file SETUP.EXE that is a Windows based
installation program. The www.geotomosoft.com website also has the
driver installation files for the dongle.
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5 Dongle driver installation
The two types of dongles that are currently in use are shown below, the
green Keylok-2 and blue Keylok-3 dongles.
Instructions for green Keylok-2 dongle
Make sure the green USB dongle is NOT attached to the computer.
Double click the ‘Keylok dongle driver’ option in the above menu. This
will start up the dongle driver installation program to install the driver for
the dongle. You will see program menu as shown below.
Click the ‘KEYLOK 2 (USB w/Driver)’ and ‘Standalone’ options and
then ‘Begin Install’, and the driver should be automatically installed. It
should also prompt you to attach the green USB dongle. Next restart the
computer.
Instructions for blue Keylok-3 dongle
If you have the blue Keylok-3 dongle, there is no need to install a driver.
Just plug it in a USB port, and wait for about 1 minute while Windows
registers it. If you are using an old version (before November 2016) of
the RES2DINVx64 or RES3DINVx64 program, you need to download a
newer version that supports this dongle from the ‘Downloads’ page of
the www.geotomosoft.com website. If it is not detected by the program,
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try another USB port. In the event the dongle is still not detected, try
running the driver installation program by clicking the ‘Keylok dongle
driver’ option on the CD-Manager menu. This will start up the driver
installation program and display the following screen. Click the
‘KEYLOK 3 or Fortress (USB Driverless)’ and ‘Standalone’ options as
shown above. Then click ‘Begin Install’ to install the driver.
If you have any problems, please contact the provider of this
software by email at geotomo@gmail.com or the dongle manufacturer at
support@keylok.com.
6 Using the program – a quick start
Click the RES2DINVx64 icon to start the program. The program will
first check the computer system to ensure that it has the necessary
resources (such as memory and hard-disk space) that it requires. As an
example, below is a typical initial information box displayed by the
program.
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In this case, the computer system has a single 6-core CPU and 64 GB
RAM, and a 1 TB hard-disk as the buffer drive. Note the dongle ID
number (K4-00090009-061A) is displayed if the program detects a
dongle with the proper license. The date the dongle was shipped, and the
most recent support date is also displayed.
After checking the computer configuration, the program will then display
the following Main Menu bar near the top of the screen.
You can select an option by clicking it with the mouse cursor. If this is
the first time you are using the program, try reading in one of the smaller
files such as the BLOCKDIP.DAT provided with the program. Click the
"File" choice, followed by the “Read data file” menu choice. After that,
if necessary, navigate to the folder where the RES2DINV program is
installed. After reading in the file, go to the “Inversion” option, and then
choose the “Carry out inversion” option. The inversion subroutine will
start. Wait for about a second for the data to be inverted. If you need to
stop the inversion routine at any time, just click the 'Next' sub-window at
the bottom-right of the screen, and wait for a short while. By default, the
program will carry out 6 iterations that can be increased if necessary.
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It is assumed that the input data is in the format used by this program. A
detailed description of the data format is given in the
Res2dinvx32x64.pdf file. Most multi-electrode resistivity equipment
manufacturers supply a program to convert data from the native format
used by the equipment to the format used by Res2dinv.
After the inversion process has been completed, click the “Display”
option that will open up a new window. The program will automatically
read in the file containing the results from the most recent inversion run.
To view the results from a file containing results from previous
inversions of other data files, click the ‘File – Read file with inversion
results’ sub-option.
In the ‘Display’ window, click the “Display sections - Display data and
model sections” sub-option.
You will then be asked to select the iteration number and type of contour
intervals. After you have made the appropriate choices, the program will
then display the apparent resistivity and inversion model sections. Figure
2 shows an example of the displayed section from an inversion of the
LANDFILL.DAT example data file installed with the software.
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This window also has options to export the model values to formats used
by other programs such as Geosoft xyz and Surfer dat files under the ‘File
– Model export’ menu option.
7 Detailed instruction manual
This manual is a very brief guide to help you in installing, and getting
started in using the Res2dinv program. The detailed instructions for using
the programs are given in electronic form as the Res2dinvx32x64.pdf
file. It is found in the 'Manuals' folder of the DVD provided. This manual
has detailed instructions on the input data format and on using the
different options in the software. When you install the program, a copy
of this PDF file will also be copied into the program folder. Online help
files are also installed with the programs. A copy of the online help files
are given in the 'Latest_Help_Files' folder in the DVD. The latest version
of the program, as well as the manual, can be downloaded from the
www.geotomosoft.com website.
Figure 2. Typical display output showing the measured and calculated
apparent resistivity pseudosections, and the inversion model section.
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DISCLAIMER
This software is provided "as is" without any express or implied
warranties including its suitability for a particular purpose. Neither this
company nor the subagent will assume responsibility for any damage or
loss caused by the use of this program. In the event of program bugs,
every effort will be made to correct the bugs. Faulty dongles or CDs will
be replaced free of charge within the first year from the date of purchase
to registered users. Registered users are entitled to free software updates
and support for the first year. After the first year, there is an annual fee
for software updates and technical support. However, the software
version in the CD provided and downloaded updates released up to one
year after the software purchase can still be used indefinitely if the user
chooses not to upgrade. Please contact Geotomo Software Pty Ltd
(geotomo.aus@gmail.com), or refer to the ‘Ordering & Enquires’ page
on the www.geotomosoft.com website, for the annual fee that is
applicable to your dongle.
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SUPPORT
Please contact your distributor if you have any questions concerning this
program. A frequent source of queries is when the results obtained are
not what you expect, or the program refuses to accept your data file. In
such a case, support will only be provided if a copy of the data file is sent
together as an attachment with your email, preferably compressed into a
ZIP file. The most common causes of problems are (a) the data in the
DAT file is not given in the correct RES2DINV format (b) excessive
noise in the data set (particularly for dipole-dipole surveys and/or IP data
sets) (c) instrument malfunction or field survey errors. It is only possible
to trace the source of the problem if a copy of the data file is provided.
Support is only available for registered users of the full version of the
program. Technical support is not provided for users of the demo version
of this software. For technical support, you can contact the software
provider by email at the following addresses. Please attach a copy of your
data file to your email.
geotomosoft@gmail.com, support@geotomosoft.com
The following information will be required before for technical support.
1). Your dongle ID number. This ID number is displayed near the middle
of the initial information box when the RES2DINV program starts up if
the dongle is attached to the computer.
2). The name of your company or institution.
3). Approximate date your company/institution purchased the software.
If you purchased the software more than one year ago, please contact
Geotomo Software Pty Ltd (geotomo.aus@gmail.com) on renewing the
support.
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References
Dahlin, T., 1996. 2D resistivity surveying for environmental and
engineering applications. First Break, 14, 275-284.
deGroot-Hedlin, C. and Constable, S., 1990, Occam's inversion to
generate smooth, two-dimensional models form magnetotelluric
data. Geophysics, 55, 1613-1624.
Kenma, A., Binley, A., Ramirez, A. and Daily, W., 2000. Complex
resistivity tomography for environmental applications. Chemical
Engineering Journal, 77, 11-18.
Loke, M.H., 2000. Topographic modelling in resistivity imaging
inversion. 62nd EAGE Conference & Technical Exhibition
Extended Abstracts, D-2.
Loke, M.H., 2014. Tutorial : 2-D and 3-D electrical imaging surveys.
Geotomo Software, Malaysia.
Loke, M.H., Acworth, I. and Dahlin, T., 2003. A comparison of smooth
and blocky inversion methods in 2D electrical imaging surveys.
Exploration Geophysics, 34, 182-187.
Loke, M.H., Chambers, J.E., Rucker, D. F., Kuras, O. and Wilkinson, P.
B., 2013. Recent developments in the direct-current geoelectrical
imaging method. Journal of Applied Geophysics, 95, 135-156.
