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Intro To Number Theory

Number theory is a branch of pure mathematics focused on the study of integers and their properties. Key concepts include divisibility, prime numbers, the greatest common divisor, least common multiple, and modular arithmetic, all of which have practical applications in fields like cryptography and computer science. The Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic states that every integer greater than 1 can be uniquely expressed as a product of prime numbers.

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24 views2 pages

Intro To Number Theory

Number theory is a branch of pure mathematics focused on the study of integers and their properties. Key concepts include divisibility, prime numbers, the greatest common divisor, least common multiple, and modular arithmetic, all of which have practical applications in fields like cryptography and computer science. The Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic states that every integer greater than 1 can be uniquely expressed as a product of prime numbers.

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pelagiemuka73
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction to Number Theory

1. Introduction to Number Theory

Number theory is a branch of pure mathematics devoted primarily to the study of integers and

integer-valued functions. It explores the properties and relationships of numbers, especially positive

integers.

2. Divisibility and Primes

Divisibility refers to the ability of one integer to be evenly divided by another. A prime number is a

natural number greater than 1 that has no positive divisors other than 1 and itself. Composite

numbers have more than two factors.

3. Greatest Common Divisor and Least Common Multiple

The greatest common divisor (GCD) of two numbers is the largest number that divides both of them

without leaving a remainder. The least common multiple (LCM) is the smallest number that is a

multiple of both.

4. The Euclidean Algorithm

The Euclidean Algorithm is a method for finding the GCD of two numbers by repeated division. It is

based on the principle that GCD(a, b) = GCD(b, a mod b).

5. Prime Factorization and the Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic

Every integer greater than 1 can be written uniquely as a product of prime numbers. This is known

as the Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic.

6. Modular Arithmetic
Introduction to Number Theory

Modular arithmetic is a system of arithmetic for integers, where numbers 'wrap around' upon

reaching a certain value, called the modulus. It is widely used in computer science and

cryptography.

7. Congruences

Two integers a and b are congruent modulo n if they leave the same remainder when divided by n,

written as 'a is congruent to b mod n'. This concept is central in modular arithmetic.

8. Applications of Number Theory

Number theory has practical applications in cryptography, coding theory, computer algorithms, and

even music and art. RSA encryption is a well-known application.

9. Conclusion

Number theory builds the foundation for many areas of mathematics and applied sciences. From

simple concepts like divisibility to complex cryptographic systems, its principles are powerful and

far-reaching.

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