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Quartile Deviation

Quartile deviation is one of the measures of dispersion

(https://byjus.com/maths/dispersion/). Before getting into a deeper
understanding, let’s recall quartiles and how we can define them.
Quartiles are the values that divide a list of numerical data into three-
quarters, such as Q1, Q2 and Q3. The middle part of the three quarters
measures the central point of distribution and shows the data values
near the midpoint (or the central value; this is referred to as the
median). The lower part of the quarters indicates just half the
information set, which comes under the median, and the upper part
shows the remaining half, which falls above the median. Thus, the
quartiles represent the distribution or dispersion of the given data set.

Read more:
Quartiles (https://byjus.com/maths/quartiles/)
Interquartile range (https://byjus.com/maths/interquartile-range/)
Median of data (https://byjus.com/maths/median-data/)
Grouping data (https://byjus.com/maths/grouping-data/)

Quartile Deviation in Statistics can be defined as the statistic that

measures the dispersion. Here, the Dispersion is the state of getting
dispersed or spread. Statistical dispersion means the extent to which
numerical data is likely to vary about an average value. In other
words, dispersion helps to understand the distribution of the data.

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Quartile Deviation Definition

The Quartile Deviation can be defined mathematically as half of the
difference between the upper and lower quartile. Here, quartile
deviation can be represented as QD; Q3 denotes the upper quartile
and Q1 indicates the lower quartile.

Quartile Deviation is also known as the Semi Interquartile range.

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8/26/24, 3:10 PM Quartile Deviation - Definition, Formula and Examples

Quartile Deviation Formula

Suppose Q1 is the lower quartile, Q2 is the median, and Q3 is the upper
quartile for the given data set, then its quartile deviation can be
calculated using the following formula.

QD = (Q3 – Q1)/2

In the next section, you will learn how to calculate these quartiles for
both ungrouped and grouped data separately.

Quartile Deviation for Ungrouped Data

For an ungrouped data, quartiles can be obtained using the following
formulas,

Q1 = [(n+1)/4]th item

Q2 = [(n+1)/2]th item

Q3 = [3(n+1)/4]th item

Where n represents the total number of observations in the given data

set.

Also, Q2 is the median of the given data set, Q1 is the median of the
lower half of the data set and Q3 is the median of the upper half of the
data set.

Before, estimating the quartiles, we have to arrange the given data

values in ascending order. If the value of n is even, we can follow the
similar procedure of finding the median.

Click here to get the quartiles calculator (https://byjus.com/quartile-

calculator/)for ungrouped data.

Quartile Deviation for Grouped Data

For a grouped data, we can find the quartiles using the formula,

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8/26/24, 3:10 PM Quartile Deviation - Definition, Formula and Examples
Here,

Qr = the rth quartile

l1 = the lower limit of the quartile class

l2 = the upper limit of the quartile class

f = the frequency of the quartile class

c = the cumulative frequency of the class preceding the quartile class

N = Number of observations in the given data set

Quartile Deviation Example

Let’s understand the quartile deviation of ungrouped and grouped
data with the help of examples given below.

Example 1:

Find the quartiles and quartile deviation of the following data:

17, 2, 7, 27, 15, 5, 14, 8, 10, 24, 48, 10, 8, 7, 18, 28

Solution:

Given data:

17, 2, 7, 27, 15, 5, 14, 8, 10, 24, 48, 10, 8, 7, 18, 28

Ascending order of the given data is:

2, 5, 7, 7, 8, 8, 10, 10, 14, 15, 17, 18, 24, 27, 28, 48

Number of data values = n = 16

Q2 = Median of the given data set

n is even, median = (1/2) [(n/2)th observation and (n/2 + 1)th

observation]

= (1/2)[8th observation + 9th observation]

= (10 + 14)/2

= 24/2

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= 12

Q2 = 12

Now, lower half of the data is:

2, 5, 7, 7, 8, 8, 10, 10 (even number of observations)

Q1 = Median of lower half of the data

= (1/2)[4th observation + 5th observation]

= (7 + 8)/2

= 15/2

= 7.5

Also, the upper half of the data is:

14, 15, 17, 18, 24, 27, 28, 48 (even number of observations)

Q3= Median of upper half of the data

= (1/2)[4th observation + 5th observation]

= (18 + 24)/2

= 42/2

= 21

Quartile deviation = (Q3 – Q1)/2

= (21 – 7.5)/2

= 13.5/2

= 6.75

Therefore, the quartile deviation for the given data set is 6.75.

Example 2:

Calculate the quartile deviation for the following distribution.

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Class 0- 10- 20- 30- 40- 50- 60- 70- 80- 90-
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Frequ 5 3 4 3 3 4 7 9 7 8
ency

Solution:

Let us calculate the cumulative frequency for the given distribution of

data.

Class Frequency Cumulative Frequency

0 – 10 5 5

10 – 20 3 5+3=8

20 – 30 4 8 + 4 = 12

30 – 40 3 12 + 3 = 15

40 – 50 3 15 + 3 = 18

50 – 60 4 18 + 4 = 22

60 – 70 7 22 + 7 = 29

70 – 80 9 29 + 9 = 38

80 – 90 7 38 + 7 = 45

90 – 100 8 45 + 8 = 53

Here, N = 53

We know that,

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Finding Q1:

r=1

N/4 = 53/4 = 13.25

Thus, Q1 lies in the interval 30 – 40.

In this case, quartile class = 30 – 40

l1 = the lower limit of the quartile class = 30

l2 = the upper limit of the quartile class = 40

f = the frequency of the quartile class = 3

c = the cumulative frequency of the class preceding the quartile class

= 12

Now, by substituting these values in the formula we get:

Q1 = 30 + [(13.25 – 12)/3] × (40 – 30)

= 30 + (1.25/3) × 10

= 30 + (12.5/3)

= 30 + 4.167

= 34.167

Finding Q3:

r=3

3N/4 = 3 × 13.25 = 39.75

Thus, Q3 lies in the interval 80 – 90.

In this case, quartile class = 80 – 90

l1 = the lower limit of the quartile class = 80

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8/26/24, 3:10 PM Quartile Deviation - Definition, Formula and Examples
l2 = the upper limit of the quartile class = 90

f = the frequency of the quartile class = 7

c = the cumulative frequency of the class preceding the quartile class

= 38

Now, by substituting these values in the formula we get:

Q3 = 80 + [(39.75 – 38)/7] × (90 – 80)

= 80 + (1.75/7) × 10

= 80 + (17.5/7)

= 80 + 2.5

= 82.5

Finally, the quartile deviation = (Q3 – Q1)/2

QD = (82.5 – 34.167)/2

= 48.333/2

= 24.1665

Hence, the quartile deviation of the given distribution is 24.167

(approximately).

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