IPE 102: Machine Shop Practice

Exp 1: Introduction to hand tools

Md. Tahmid Anjum Khan

Adjunct Lecturer
Rangpur Textile Engineering College
Objectives:
➢To introduce different hand tools used in the construction process.
➢To explain the specific role of each tools.
➢To know the proper way of use.
➢To know the safety and maintenance issue.
Hand Tools
Hand tools are manually operated tools that do not require any external power
source (like electricity or compressed air) and are used to perform various
mechanical tasks such as cutting, shaping, tightening, loosening, gripping, or
measuring.
They are broadly classified as:
• Measuring and Marking Tools: Steel rule, Vernier caliper, Try square
• Cutting Tools: Hacksaw, Chisel
• Striking Tools: Hammer
• Holding and Gripping Tools: Bench vise, C-Clamp
• Driving Tools: Screwdriver, Wrench
• Threading and Tapping Tools: Tap, Die
• Finishing Tools: Files, Abrasive Paper
Ball Peen Hammer
A ball peen hammer is a type of hammer with
one flat face and one rounded (ball-shaped)
face. The head is made of hardened steel.
Application:
• Used for peening, riveting, shaping metal,
and light forging.
• Common in metal shops and fitting work.
• Ideal for tasks that require precision striking
on metal surfaces.
Mallet Hammer
A mallet is a hammer with a large, soft head, used
to deliver gentle blows without damaging delicate
surfaces. Head is made of rubber, wood, or plastic.
Softer head prevents surface damage.
Application:
• Used in carpentry to assemble joints without
denting the wood.
• Common in leather work, sheet metal forming,
and chisel driving.
• Ideal for delicate adjustments and aligning
components.
Claw Hammer
A claw hammer is a tool with a flat striking face and
a curved claw used for driving and removing
fasteners. Flat side is for hammering and other side
contains a V-slot for nail removal.
Application:
• Commonly used in carpentry, framing, and home
repairs.
• Drives nails into wood and removes them
efficiently.
• Also used for light demolition of wooden
structures.
Flathead (Slotted) Screwdriver
A flathead screwdriver is a hand tool used to turn
slotted screws with a single horizontal groove on the
head. It features a flat, straight blade at the tip. This is
the most simple and traditional design with blade fits
into the straight, horizontal slot of a screw head.
Application:
• Used in carpentry, electrical work, metalwork, and
simple household tasks.
• Common in older devices or components with
slotted screws.
• Not ideal for high-torque applications due to slipping
risk.
Phillips Screwdriver
A Phillips screwdriver is a tool designed to drive
screws with a cross-shaped (Phillips) recess in
the head. Cross-shaped (X-shaped) tip fits into
Phillips screw heads. Provides better grip and
alignment compared to flathead.
Application:
• Widely used in electronics, machinery,
automotive, and furniture assembly.
• Suitable for medium-torque applications.
• Preferred when a more secure grip and
faster screw engagement are needed.
Combination Pliers (Lineman’s Pliers)
Combination pliers are versatile hand tools
designed for gripping, bending, and cutting wires
and other materials. They have flat jaws near the
tip for gripping flat objects, a curved serrated
section for holding round objects, and a cutting
edge near the joint for cutting wires.
Application:
• Used for holding, twisting, and cutting wires
or cables.
• Common in electrical work, mechanical
maintenance, and general repair tasks.
Needle Nose Pliers (Long Nose Pliers)
Needle nose pliers are slender, pointed pliers
used for gripping, bending, and positioning small
objects or wires, especially in confined spaces. It
features long, narrow jaws tapering to a point. It
is ideal for precision and delicate work.
Application:
• Commonly used in electronics, jewelry making,
wiring tasks, and fine mechanical work.
• Excellent for reaching into tight or awkward
spaces.
Cutting Pliers (Diagonal Cutters)
Cutting pliers, also known as diagonal cutters, are
tools used for cutting wires and small pins close to a
surface. Cutting pliers have sharp, angled jaws that
cut with a diagonal action, but not suitable for
gripping or twisting.
Application:
• Used for snipping electrical wires, cutting cable
ties, and trimming metal components.
• Essential in electrical installation, circuit board
assembly, and mechanical repairs.
Single-Ended Open Wrench
A single-ended open wrench is a hand tool with one
U-shaped open end designed to grip two opposite flat
sides of a nut or bolt. It has one fixed size open jaw at
one end. Jaws are typically angled at 15 degree.
Application:
• Used for tightening or loosening nuts and bolts
of a specific size.
• Common in maintenance work where only one
size is frequently needed.
• Preferred in tight or confined areas where the
other end may obstruct access.
Double-Ended Open Wrench
A double-ended open wrench is a tool with open
jaws at both ends, each of a different size. Both
ends are open and usually offset (angled) to allow
better grip in confined spaces.
Application:
• Used for general mechanical work where
multiple sizes of bolts/nuts are encountered.
• Convenient for on-site repair, reducing the
need to carry multiple tools.
• Suitable for tightening/loosening fasteners
quickly when torque is not critical.
Adjustable Open-Ended Wrench
An adjustable open-ended wrench is a tool with a
movable jaw that allows it to fit a range of nut or
bolt sizes. One fixed and one movable jaw adjusted
by a thumb screw or worm gear.
Application:
• Used for versatile fitting, especially when the
exact size of the fastener is unknown.
• Ideal for plumbing, automotive, and
maintenance work.
• Helpful in reducing the number of tools
needed in a toolbox.
Chisel
A chisel is a hand tool with a sharp cutting edge at one
end, used for cutting or shaping metal, wood, or stone
by striking it with a hammer or mallet. They are made
of hardened steel and come with various shapes: flat,
cross-cut, round nose, diamond point.
Application:
• Used to cut, shape, or remove material, especially in
metal or wood.
• Commonly used for removing excess material,
clearing corners, or cutting rivets.
• In fitting and forging work, chisels are essential.
Hacksaw
A hacksaw is a fine-toothed hand saw with a metal
frame and a replaceable blade, used primarily for
cutting metal. They comprise a C-shaped frame,
replaceable blade, and a handle. Blade teeth are
arranged in one direction.
Application:
• Used for cutting metal rods, pipes, and thin
sheets.
• Also suitable for plastic and light wood,
depending on the blade.
• Common in fitting, fabrication, and repair tasks.
Bench Vise
A bench vise is a mechanical clamping device fixed
to a workbench, used to hold a workpiece securely
during machining, filing, cutting, or assembling. It is
made of cast iron or steel and has two jaws: one
fixed and one movable, adjusted by screw
mechanism.
• Application:
• Used to hold workpieces firmly during operations
like filing, sawing, drilling, and tapping.
• Ensures accuracy, safety, and stability during
manual tasks.
• Essential equipment in machine shops,
woodworking, and metalworking labs.