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Light Reflection and Refraction Notes

Light is a form of energy that travels in straight lines and can move through a vacuum at a speed of 3 × 10^8 m/s. Reflection occurs when light bounces off surfaces, and there are two laws governing this phenomenon: the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection, and all rays lie in the same plane. Images can be real or virtual, with plane mirrors producing virtual, erect images that are the same size as the object and laterally inverted.

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3 views1 page

Light Reflection and Refraction Notes

Light is a form of energy that travels in straight lines and can move through a vacuum at a speed of 3 × 10^8 m/s. Reflection occurs when light bounces off surfaces, and there are two laws governing this phenomenon: the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection, and all rays lie in the same plane. Images can be real or virtual, with plane mirrors producing virtual, erect images that are the same size as the object and laterally inverted.

Uploaded by

aswinasking123
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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■ LIGHT

Light is a form of energy.


It always travels in a straight line.
Light does not need air or any material to travel. It can travel in vacuum.
Speed of light in vacuum/air = 3 × 10■ m/s
Different colours of light have different wavelengths and frequencies.
Violet light has the smallest wavelength.
Red light has the largest wavelength.
When light hits the boundary between two materials, some part is reflected and some part is refracted (bent).

■ REFLECTION OF LIGHT
When light hits a surface and bounces back, it is called reflection.
We are able to see objects when light reflects from them into our eyes.
➤ Definition:
Reflection is the bouncing back of light from a smooth surface in the same medium.

■ LAWS OF REFLECTION
There are two laws:
1. Angle of Incidence = Angle of Reflection
2. The incident ray, reflected ray, and the normal all lie in the same plane.

■ TYPES OF REFLECTION
■ Regular Reflection (Plane Mirror)
Happens on smooth surfaces
Reflected rays are parallel
A clear image is formed

■ Irregular/Diffused Reflection (Rough Surface)


Happens on rough surfaces
Reflected rays go in many directions
No clear image is formed

■■ IMAGES
When light rays meet or appear to meet after reflection, they form an image.
■ Real Image
Light rays actually meet
Image is inverted (upside down)
Can be seen on a screen

■ Virtual Image
Light rays do not meet, but appear to
Image is upright (erect)
Cannot be seen on a screen

■ MIRROR
A mirror is a shiny surface that reflects most of the light that falls on it.
■ Types of Mirrors:
1. Plane Mirror – flat surface
2. (Others: Curved mirrors – not in this lesson)

■ PLANE MIRROR
When the mirror surface is flat, it is called a plane mirror.
■ Image Formed by Plane Mirror:
- Always virtual and erect
- Same size as the object
- Image appears at same distance behind the mirror as the object is in front
- Image is laterally inverted (left ↔ right)
- Focal length is infinite

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