FACULTY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
Effective from Academic Batch: 2022-23
Programme: Bachelor of Technology (Information Technology)
Semester: III
Course Code: 202040303
Course Title: Digital Fundamentals
Course Group: Engineering Science
Course Objectives: This course introduces the concepts of digital logic. Digital number systems and
basic logic gates are covered. It includes the functionality of logic gates, simplifying Digital Circuits,
Boolean Expression, combinational and sequential circuits. Emphasis is placed on providing a
foundation for the application of digital logic to use of digital applications such as programmable logic
converters.
Teaching & Examination Scheme:
Contact hours per week Course Examination Marks (Maximum / Passing)
Credits Theory J/V/P*
Lecture Tutorial Practical Total
Internal External Internal External
3 0 2 4 50 / 18 50 / 17 25 / 9 25 / 9 150 / 53
* J: Jury; V: Viva; P: Practical
Detailed Syllabus:
Sr. Contents Hours
1 Introduction: 04
Binary Systems and Logic Circuits, The Advantage of Binary, Number Systems, The
Use of Binary in Digital Systems, Logic Gates, Logic Families: Transistor-Transistor
Logic(TTL), Emitter-Coupled Logic(ECL), MOSFET Logic, TTL Gates.
2 Boolean Algebra and Logic Gates: 05
Basic Definition, Axiomatic Definition of Boolean Algebra, Basic Theorem and
Properties of Boolean Algebra, Minterms And Maxterms, Logic Operation
3 Simplification of Boolean Functions: 07
Different types Map method, Sum of Product and Product of sum Simplification,
NAND or NOR implementation, Realizing Logic Function with Gates, Combinational
Design examples, Don’t Care condition, Tabulation method
4 Logic Function Realization with MSI and LSI: 08
Multiplexer, De-Multiplexer/Decoders, Combinational Logic with Multiplexers and
Decoders, Adders, Subtractors, BCD arithmetic, carry look ahead adder, serial adder,
Digital comparator, Parity checker/generator, Code converters, Standard, Design
Problem Using MSI Circuits, ROM, PLA, PAL
5 Sequential Logic: 07
Introduction, Flip-Flops, Triggering of Flip-Flops, Analysis of Clocked Sequential
Circuits, Applications of flip-flops, Flip-Flop Excitation Tables, Design Procedure,
Design of Counters, Design with State Equations, Shift Register, Applications of Shift
Registers
6 Introduction to State Machines: 03
The Need for State Machines, The State Machine, Basic Concepts in State Machine
Analysis.
7 Synchronous State Machine Design: 06
Sequential Counters, State Changes Referenced to Clock, Number of State Flip-Flops,
Input Forming Logic, Output Forming Logic, Generation of a State Diagram from a
Timing Chart, Redundant States, General State Machine Architecture
8 Asynchronous State Machines: 04
The Fundamental-Mode Model, Problems of Asynchronous Circuits Basic Design
Principles, An Asynchronous Design Example.
Total 44
List of Practicals / Tutorials:
1 (a) To study operation of various logic gates AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR and EX-OR.
(b) To study NAND/NOR as universal gates.
2 (a) Reduce Boolean Expressions to its simplest possible form and implement it using NAND
gates.
(b) Develop a logic circuit depending on the requirement of the given logic problem and
implement the circuit using NAND gates into its simplest form.
3 (a) Design a combinational logic circuit that gives square of the Two-bit number.
(b) Design a combinational logic circuit that determines whether given number is prime or
non-prime number.
4 (a) Design a BCD to Gray code converter & realize it using various logic gates.
(b) Design a BCD to XS – 3 code converter & realize it using various logic gates.
5 Construct Half Adder, Full Adder, Half Subtractor & Full Subtractor and verify the truth-table
for each.
6 (a) Realize 8:1 multiplexer using two 4:1 multiplexer.
(b) Realize a given logic function using 4:1 Multiplexer and logic gates.
7 (a) Implement a Full Adder circuit using 3:8 Decoder.
(b) Compare two four-bit numbers using a 4-bit Magnitude comparator.
8 Design 3-bit Ripple up counter using Master-Slave JK Flip-flops.
9 Design a synchronous counter using any Flip-flops.
10 Using D-Flip-flops set-up following 4-bit Shift Registers.
(i) SISO (ii) PIPO (iii) SIPO (iv) PISO
Reference Books:
1 "Digital logic and Computer design", M. M. Mano, Pearson Education India, 2016.
2 “Fundamentals of Digital Circuits", A. Kumar, Prentice Hall India, 2016.
3 “Digital Principles and Applications” Malvino & Leach, McGraw-Hill Education
4 “Modern Digital Electronics", R. P. Jain, McGraw Hill Education, 2009.
5 “Digital Logic & State Machine Design”, David J. Comer, Third Indian Edition, Oxford University
Press
Supplementary learning Material:
1 NPTEL website and IITs virtual laboratory
2 MultiSim / LogiSim / Electronic Workbench simulator for practical performance
3 Major Equipment
1. Pattern Generators
2. Logic State Analyzers
3. Digital Storage Oscilloscopes
4. Digital Integrated Circuits Tester.
5. Complete Bread Board Systems, switches and I/O indicators, multimeters, pulse, square
wave generators and display facility.
Pedagogy:
Direct classroom teaching
Audio Visual presentations/demonstrations
Assignments/Quiz
Continuous assessment
Interactive methods
Seminar/Poster Presentation
Industrial/ Field visits
Course Projects
Suggested Specification table with Marks (Theory) (Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy):
Distribution of Theory Marks in % R: Remembering; U: Understanding; A: Applying;
R U A N E C N: Analyzing; E: Evaluating; C: Creating
20% 30% 30% 20% - -
Note: This specification table shall be treated as a general guideline for students and teachers. The actual distribution of
marks in the question paper may vary slightly from above table.
Course Outcomes (CO):
Sr. Course Outcome Statements %weightage
CO-1 Solve the given problem using fundamentals of Number systems and 20
Boolean algebra
CO-2 Analyze working of logic families and logic gates and design the simple 25
circuits using various gates for a given problem
CO-3 Design and implement Combinational and Sequential logic circuits 25
CO-4 Develop a digital logic and apply it to solve real life problems. 20
CO-5 Develop a digital logic and apply it to solve real life problems. 10
Curriculum Revision:
Version: 2.0
Drafted on (Month-Year): June-2022
Last Reviewed on (Month-Year): -
Next Review on (Month-Year): June-2025
