IGCSE Writing Formats & Structures
1. Argumentative Essay
Purpose: Present a clear argument on a topic with logical reasoning and evidence.
Structure:
• Introduction: State the topic and your clear position (for/against).
• Body Paragraph 1: Strong point supporting your argument + explanation + example.
• Body Paragraph 2: Another strong point + explanation + example.
• Body Paragraph 3 (optional): A third point or counterargument with rebuttal.
• Conclusion: Reinforce your position and end with a strong final statement.
2. Persuasive Speech
Purpose: Convince the audience to adopt your view or take action.
Structure:
• Opening (Hook): Grab attention with a rhetorical question, shocking fact, or quote.
• Position Statement: Clearly state what you believe or want.
• Body Paragraphs (2–3): Use emotive language, repetition, direct address (“you”), and strong arguments.
Include anecdotes or real-life examples.
• Conclusion: Call to action + memorable closing statement.
3. Discursive Essay
Purpose: Explore both sides of an issue in a balanced way.
Structure:
• Introduction: Introduce the issue and its relevance.
• Body Paragraph 1: Argument for the issue.
• Body Paragraph 2: Argument against the issue.
• Body Paragraph 3: Your opinion (optional but encouraged).
• Conclusion: Summarize both sides fairly or clearly express your reasoned judgment.
4. Formal Letter
Purpose: Communicate formally with a person in authority (e.g., principal, newspaper editor).
Structure:
• Your address (top right) and date.
• Recipient’s designation and address (left side).
• Salutation: Dear Sir/Madam or a specific title.
• Introduction: State purpose clearly.
• Body Paragraphs: Present key ideas or concerns.
• Conclusion: Offer suggestions or requests.
• Closing: Yours faithfully (if unknown recipient), Yours sincerely (if known).
• Signature and full name.
5. Informal Letter
Purpose: Write to someone you know in a personal tone (friend/family).
Structure:
• Address and date (top right).
• Salutation: Dear [First Name].
• Opening Paragraph: Casual greeting, ask how they are.
• Body: Share news, feelings, or ask for advice depending on topic.
• Closing: Warm tone.
• Sign off: Best wishes, Take care, etc. + Your name.
6. Magazine or Newspaper Article
Purpose: Inform, explain or argue a point in a journalistic style.
Structure:
• Title: Catchy and relevant.
• Introduction: Set the context and hook the reader.
• Body Paragraphs (2–3): Develop points clearly with facts/opinions.
• Conclusion: Reflect on the issue, make a call to action, or suggest future action.
7. Report
Purpose: Present a structured, factual, and objective account for an organization or authority.
Structure:
• Title: e.g., Report on School Recycling Programme.
• Introduction: Briefly explain why the report was written.
• Subheadings for each section: Findings, Analysis/Issues, Suggestions/Recommendations.
• Conclusion: Summarize the key points.
• Formal tone, clear and concise.
