Unit

1 Introduction to Al
Learning Outcomes
At the end of the chapter, the students will be able to:
O describe the domains of AI.
The key to artificial O comprehend theconcept of smart living.
intelligence has always been know the features and benefits of smart homes and cities.
the representation.
Jeff Hawkins
a understand the impact of AI on the SDGs to develop responsible
citizenship.
99 O state the skills needed for future jobs.
O understand the ethical issues related to AI.

A-powered applications are all around us these days, and they are changing the way
we live and work. As Artificial intelligence (AI) advances, it is expected to play an even
larger role in creating our future. Let us learn what AI is and how it differs from human
intelligence. Later, you will learn about different AI domains and experience them
through various experiments.

Excite

Introduction to AI
"Artificial intelligence is the ability of machines to perform tasks that typically require human
like intelligence, such as visual perception, speech recognition, decision-making. and language
translation."
-Yoshua Bengio, Computer Scientist and AI Researcher
The term Artificial Intelligence (A) was coined by John McCarthy in his proposal for
the 1956 Dartmouth Conference, the first artificial intelligence conference. He defined
artificial intelligernce as "the science and engineering of making intelligent machines'",
Inother words, AI is the simulation of human intelligence in machines that are designed
to think and act like humans. AI systems can perform tasks that typically require human

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intelligernce. AI is used to build agents like robots or virtual assistants that can mimic
or simulate human behaviour and make decisions on our behalf. The
different features of AI:
following
are the

Thinks and learns Mimics human Makes computers

like humans smart
intelligence

Comprehends Detects patterns and Takes decisions on

language and images solves problems its own

Brief History of AI
The exploration of the human brain dates
back thousands of years, and with the
emergence of advanced electronics, scientists
believed that it would be possible to simulate
the thinking processes of the brain artificially.
Modern AIbegan around the 1940s.
1940s-1950s: The origins of AI can be
traced back to the work of pioneers, like
Alan Turing, John McCarthy, and Marvin
A
Minsky. They laid the foundations for AI
research, exploring concepts, like machine
learning, logic, and reasoning.
1960s-1970s: This period is often referred to as the 'AIwinter, as progress in AIresearch
slowed down due to limited computing power and funding. However, researchers
continued to work on expert systems that could simulate the knowledge and reasoning
of human experts.
1980s-1990s: This era sawa revival of AIresearch, driven by advances in machine learning
and neural networks. Applications like speech recognition and computer vision
emerged.
2000s-2010s: The rise of big data and cloud computing enabled new forms of Al, such
as natural language processing and recommendation systems. Companies like
Google
Facebook, and Amazon invested heavily in AI research and development, leading 0
advancements in areas like robotics and autonomous vehicles.
2020s and beyond: AIcontinues to evolve and impact various industries from healthcare
and finance to entertainment and education.

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The following table depicts how AI has changed throughout time:
Year
Milestones
1950
Alan Turing proposed the Turing test. This test can check the machine's ability to
exhibit intelligent behaviour similar to human
intelligence.
1956 John McCarthy coined the term "Artificial Intelligence" at Dartmouth.

Joseph Weizenbaum created the first chatbot, ELIZA, which could trick its users
1966
into believing that they were talking to a real human being.

1972 The first intelligent humanoid robot WABOT-1 was built in Japan.

1980 Expert Systems were developed.

IBM's Deep Blue became the first A-based program to beat the world chess champion,
1997
Gary Kasparov.

2002 For the first time, AI entered a home in the form of Roomba, a vacuum cleaner.

2006 Companies like Facebook, Twitter, and Netflix started using AI.

2009 Google launched its first self-driving or autonomous car, Waymo.

2011
CIBM Watson, a computer using natural language processing, won the quiz show,
2012 Jeopardy.
Personal digital assistants were introduced, like Siri and Google Now.
Eugene Goostman, a chatbot, was the first AI device to win the Turing test. Pepper,
2014 one of the first social humanoid robots that talks and mimics human emotions, was
introduced.

2014 Amazon Echo, a voice-controlled speaker that used AI to power its virtual assistant,
Alexa, was introduced.

2016 AlphaGo, Google's DeepMind AI, defeated one of the world's top Go plavers I ee
Sedol.

Pichai.
2018 Google Duplex, a conversational AI, was announced by CEO, Sundar

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 KIBo's Activity 1|| Critical Thinking

How do you think Al can help in your daily life? Write your ideas in the space provided.

146 Artificial Intelligence | Kips

 AIAround Us
Alis allaround us today and is an inseparable part of ourlives.Some popular Al-powered
applications are listed below:
Search engines ike Google use AI todisplay results for your search in seconds, auto
correct your sentences, and show personalised advertisements.
70% 3:53
Digital voice assistants like Siri and Google Assistant 25

Nagaratbhavi BDA Complex

1Use AI to answer queries and carry out tasks, like playing Orion Mall

music. Al-powered friendly chatbots can provide 25 min 23 min 35 min 1 hr 39 25 min

austomer support 24/7 on sites like Amazon and Flipkart, New Agd
PEENYA ESAWAANTHPUR

interacting with humans using natural language. 25 min

Navigation apps like Google maps use Al to provide Si Prasanna

Veeranjaneya Swamy
Orion Malt

voice-guided instructions on how to arrive at a given MALLESHWARA

Mohan Theatre WEST

destination as well as suggest the best route to avoid obesur Aadhilakshmi

Mernorial Hall
24 min bdo

traffic. DAKATTE

Tty Care Pt LId

Games like FIFA and others are powered by AIthat help
in enhancing the graphics, come up with new difficulty Udupi Grand
Maruthi Mandira
levels, motivate gamers, etc.
25 min (11 km) @Limited
Social mnedia platforms use AI to recommend content, Best route, despite the usual traffic

provide selfie filters, and use face recognition to tag E STEPS & MORE A START

friends in pictures. Al-powered Navigation System

Health apps use AI to monitor the physical and mental health of users and provide
personalised workout and nutrition plans.
Social robots like Sophia and Pepper use AI to interact with humans in a way that mimics
human behaviour.
Recommendation systems are used by e-commerce
retailers like Amazon, to track our preferences and suggest
what to buy. OTT platforms like Netflix suggest content 70%

based on our viewing history.

D1ometric security systems like the face locks are used in
phones and laptops to provide security. Face Recognition System

translators like Google Translate, not only translate text and speech from one
Language to another, but can identify and read
text from an image and translate it.
language
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 KIBO's Query 1 AIQuiz
each.
The following are the applications of Al. Write two examples of

Search Engines E-commerce Applications Self-driving Automobiles

Smart Homes
You have learnt many applications of Al. Now, let us talk about our home. Our homes
are usually where we are most comfortable. Homes are now becoming "smart" and will
soon be powered by AI.

Smart Self-Programming
Lighting Thermostat
Security Entertainment
Cameras Hub

Robotic Remote
Appliances Locking
System

A smart home means a safe, comfortable, and sustainable home that may use the Internet
of Things, or IoT. IoT is a technology where devices like lights, TVs, refrigerators, cars
etc., will be connected to the internet and, with the help of AL, will automatically take
decisions.

The idea behind a smart home is to make everyday tasks easier and more efficient whle
improving the overall quality of life for the homeowner. This is achieved by integratirts
various smart devices into the home's infrastructure, such as sensors, lighting systemts
security systems, and home entertainment systems.
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 KIBO's Activity 2/|/ lce Breaker Activity
Dream Smart Home
Designthe layout of your dream smart home to showthe indoor and outdoor views of your house-the
number of rooms, areas, furniture, garden, porch, etc. Specify the kinds of smart gadgets you would like
to have.

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